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FIFTH REPORT 



Record Commissioners. 



1880. 



B, 



KEVISED EDITION. 




BOSTON; 
EOCKWELL AND CHURCHILL, CITY PRINTERS, 



No. 39 Arch Street. 



188 7. /ti^P-^OFCorr/G;?^ 



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PEEFACE TO SECOND EDITION. 



In republishing their Fifth Report, the Record Commis- 
sioners desire to renew the caution that this volume is to be 
regarded as a collection of valuable and interesting essays, 
for the correctness of which the reputation of the writer must 
be the guaranty. The opinions of the author were stated 
with the utmost frankness, the articles w^ere printed in one of 
the best known journals of the day, and the authorship was 
acknowledged from the commencement. In reprinting them, 
however, neither the city nor its agents are to be considered 
as endorsing the opinions of the author, or as dissenting from 
them. In one particular case, the seventy-eighth article, the 
Record Commissioners have cancelled one essay, which ap- 
peared in the former edition, from a scrupulous care to 
respect the sensibilities of those who felt aggrieved by Mr. 
Bow ditch's remarks. 

One article, marked 2*, of the series, which was over- 
looked in the first edition, has been recovered for this issue. 
Some errors of the press have been corrected, and the ap- 
pearance of the volume has been improved by additional 
spacing. A few more notes are given, and the number of 
pages is increased from a hundred and eighty in the first 
edition, to two hundred and twenty-two pages in this, though 
the contents remain the same, with the exceptions above 
noted. 

The Record Commissioners avail of this occasion to renew 
their expressed conviction of the great value of these contri- 
butions to our local history, and to record the flattering 
appreciation with which this volume has been received by our 
citizens. 

William H. Whitmore, 
William S. Appleton, 

Record Commissioners, 

City Hall, Boston, July, 1884. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Abticlb Paob 

1. Blackstone's House ••••••...! 

2. " 5 

2*. " 8 

3. Boston Common 12 

4. King's Chapel Burying-Ground 14 

6. The Barricado of 1672 20 

fi. St. Paul's Church 23 

7. The First Church 26 

8. Novelties in Estates 29 

9. Names of Streets 31 

10. Chambers' Four-acre Pasture 34 

11. Allen's Twenty-acre Farm 36 

12. Zachariah Phillips' Nine-acre Pasture 38 

13. Old Grants of Neck Lands 41 

14. Copp's Hill 44 

15. Old Bakers 46 

16. Old Ropewalks 48 

17. " 50 

18. James Allen's Sixteen-acre Pasture 54 

19. Jeremiah Allen's Pasture . . • 57 

20. Buttolph's Eight-acre Pasture GO 

21. Middlecott's Four-acre Pasture 63 

22. Joshua Scottow's Four-acre Pasture 65 

28. Bulfinch's Four-acre Pasture 68 

24. Molly Saunders' Gingerbread 70 

25. Southacks' Pasture and Tanyard 73 

26. Reminiscences of Somerset Street 77 

27. Ancient and Modern Law 79 

28. The Spring House 81 

29. "Valley Acre" 83 

30. Cotton Hill 84 

31. " 87 

32. Peter Faneuil's House 92 

33. Houses of Oxenbridge and Penn 96 

34. James Davis's Pasture 99 

35. Madam Haley's Daughter 102 

36. Robert Turner's Great Pasture 104 

37. Great men a century ago 107 

38. Niceties of the Law 109 

39. The Bovvdoin Estate 113 

40. " Contempt of Court" 116 

T 



^1 City Document No. 105. 

Ajitiole 

41. " Contempt of Court " j^a 

42. Rogers's Estate * .^q 

43. Allegorical * 12^ 

44. " A Challenge to Z " * [ * '19,3 

45. Beacon and the Thurston House 1^8 

46. Hanging ! * ' 130 

47. Beacon Hill ! .' * " 13> 

48. Thomas Hancock ^ * T'- 

49. The Monument * ' rw 

60. Cook's Pasture ... * ' , < ^ 

61. The Commonwealth's Rope-walk 24' 

62. The State-House Lot * \ ' ' nl 

63. Gov. Hancock's House ,. , 

64. Thomas Bulfinch '.'!.' 156 

65. John Hancock * 1-7 

56. The Hancock Estate 

67. Sewall's Elm Pasture 

68. Streets on Paper ... ' ,„, 
09. Conditions — Eaves 

60. Frederick Tudor — R. G. Shaw . j-^ 

61. Robert G. Shaw ^ ' ! ' ' 173 

62. Uriah Cotting — Samuel Appleton ....*."" 176 

63. Benjamin P. Homer ' ' „j. 

64. John Callender 

65. The Copley Estate ' ' ' IS" 

66. East's Pasture .... 

67. Richard Pepys' Estate * * ' -§9 

68. The Banister Lot 

69. The Copley Estate . . ' ,0, 

70. " ^-^^ 

71. " ''' 

72. u l^S 

73. Mt. Vernon Street ' ^^^ 

74. Thomas L. Winthrop and John Phillips . . . . ] 207 

75. Beacon Street 

•••• ^10 

76. The Lowell Family '24. 

77. The Swan Family ' * 91a 

78. The Beacon-Street Fire . . * * " 99a 



Illustrative Docu.ments and Notes. 

1. Alonzo Lewis's Notes on the Blackstone Lot .... 3 

2. Odlin's Deposition 

*'*•••••. 5—10 

3. Anne Pollard's Deposition .... 

4. Title to King's Chapel . .' .' * * ' * ' ^ 
6. Town Deed to King's Chapel . . ' * \ 



"Gleaner." vii 

Page 

6. Deed to Angola, a Negro, for Saving Gov. Bellingham's Life . 23 

7. Pudding Lane 31 

8. James Barton 50 

9. Kope-walks on the Public Garden 52 

10. Eliot Street Laid Out 62 

11. Reminiscences of an Old Bostonian 70 

12. Valley Acre 83 

13. Madam Haley 89 

14. Note by Lucius M. Sargent 102 

15. Brattle Square Church Case Ill 

16. " " 115 

;7. '< " 124 

18. Note on the Turner Family, by L. M. Sargent . . . .137 

19. Inscriptions on the Old Beacon 153 

20. Sewall's Gift to the South School 164 

21. The Lowell Family 217 

22. Col. Swan'a Book 218 



PEEFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. 



Boston, Dec. 10, 1880. 

In their fourth report, dated Sept. 1, 1880, the Record 
Commissioners announced that the City Council had appro- 
priated the sura of five thousand dollars for the publication 
of historical documents relating to Boston. This was in con- 
formity with a suggestion of the Committee on Printing for 
1879, and it is presumed that the grant will be continued 
annually. As already announced, the first of the volumes 
thus ordered is the present fifth report, and it contains a 
series of articles relating to the history of estates lying on or 
around Beacon Hill. These articles were contributed in 
1855 to the "Boston Daily Transcript," by the late Nathaniel 
IngersoU Bowditch, under the signature of " Gleaner." 

Mr. Bowditch was confessedly the most learned conveyan- 
cer of the day. He was born at Salem, June 17, 1805, and 
was the oldest child of Dr. Nathaniel Bowditch, the distin- 
guished mathematician. In 1823, the year following the 
graduation of the subject of this sketch, his father removed 
to Boston, and Nathaniel studied law under the late Hon. 
William Prescott. From this time until his death, April 16, 
1861, Mr. Bowditch was an honored and useful citizen of 
Boston, pursuing his chosen department of practice with un- 
rivalled skill, and accumulating treasures of information, of 
which but a small portion is here shown. In 1851 he printed 
a "History of the Massachusetts General Hospital," and in 
1857 a collection of curious facts entitled "SuflTolk Surnames." 
The latter volume has been twice reprinted. 

In 1855 Mr. Bowditch began the interesting series of 
"Gleaner" articles, which aroused a lively interest among all 
conversant with the subject. Often a single article would 
call forth the reminiscences or comments of other writers, 
and the whole collection has been for years regarded as indis- 



X CiTT Document No. 105. 

pensable to any one who would write on that portion of our 
local history. 

Although the series terminated abruptly in the manner ex- 
plained on page 180 of this volume, enough had been written 
by Mr. Bowditch to make its republication a matter of pub- 
lic interest. When, therefore, the Record Commissioners re- 
ceived the munificent grant of the city, they at once selected 
these " Gleanings " as among the first documents to be 
issued. 

It will be seen that the portion of our territory covered 
by these notes is small ; but the articles are consecutive, and 
the treatment is exhaustive. Beacon Hill and its surround- 
ings are considered, every estate is scrutinized, and the 
proverbial dryness of antiquarian and legal discussions is 
relieved by anecdotes of the distinguished citizens who have 
lived upon this noted territory during the past two hundred 
years. 

It has seemed unnecessary to attempt annotations to the 
original work. Of course the twenty-five years which have 
elapsed have produced many changes ; but these matters are 
within the recollection of the present generation, which i? 
now to reperuse these sketches. 

The consent of the representatives of the family to this 
reproduction was given a number of years ago, and has 
been renewed at the present time. 

The commissioners have to announce that their sixth 
report is nearly completed, and that it will contain the 
Roxbury Land Records, together with the records of the 
First Church in Roxbury. It is intended that it shall 
appear among the city documents for 1880. 

Respectfully submitted, 

William H. Whitmore, 
William S. Appleton, 
Record Commissioners. 



"GLEANER" ARTICLES. 



I. 

HISTORICAL. 

Juhj 2, 1835. 

It is well known that when our forefathers first came to thia 
peninsula they found here a solitary settler, — Mr. William Black- 
stone. Thus the Charlestown records say : — 

Mr. Blackstone, dwelling on the other side of Charles River, alone, to a 
place by the Indeans called Shawmutt, where he only had a cottage at or not 
far off the place called Blackstone s Point, he came and acquainted the 
Governor of an excellent Spring there, withal inviting him and soliciting hira 
thither. Whereupon, after the death of Mr. Johnson and divers others, the 
Governor, with Mr. Wilson, and the greatest part of the Church, removed 
thither. Whither also the frame of the Governor's house was carried, when 
people began to build their houses against winter, and this place was called 
Boston. 

Mr. Drake, in his excellent " History of Boston," quotes this ex- 
tract, and remarks that " this place was not thought of for a town 
until Blackstone urged it." He thinks that Blackstone's Point was 
that afterwards called Barton's Point, at the northerly end of 
Leverett street, towards Charlestown, and adds: "His Point is 
more easily located than his house or his spring " and proceeds to 
suggest as not unlikely that these may have been near Poplar 
street. 

Now^ the exact location of Mr. BlacJcstone^ s homestead lot is as 
definitely fixed as that of the Mill-dam or Wester^i avemie. He made 
a deed to the inhabitants of the whole peninsula, retaining this 
homestead lot of six acres. By the town records of 1735, " the re- 
lease of Mr. Blackstone, the first proprietor of the town of Boston,'' 
is mentioned as " now on file in the town clerk's oflice." Tlie origi- 
nal, however, has never been seen by either of the historians of 
Boston, — Shaw, Snow, or Drake, — and is doubtless lost. Black- 
stone, wishing to live a more retired life and amid fewer neighbors, 



2 City DocmiENx No. 105. 

subsequently sold this reserved lot ; but no deed from bim is found 
on record. In the course of time, therefore, its precise location 
became doubtful. It was, however, accidentally discovered by an 
investigation of my own. In May, 1829, I was examining the 
titles of the Mt. Vernon proprietors, claimed under John Single- 
ton Copley, the celebrated artist. I succeeded in tracing back his 
lot in part to a deed from one Richard Peyps and Mary his wife, 
of Ashon, Essex County, to Nathaniel Williams, by a deed not 
found on record, but expressly referred to as dated January 30, 
1G55 ; and a deposition of Anne Pollard, in 1711 (Suffolk, Lib. 
2G, p. 84), proves that Blackstone sold to Richard Pepys. In 
1676 is recorded a deed of Peter Bracket and Mary his wife, late 
widow of said Williams (Suffolk, Lib. 9, fol. 325), conveying to 
her children, Nathaniel Williams three-quarters and Mary Viall 
one-quarter — all that messuage, with the barns, stables, orchards, 
gardens, and also that six acres of laud, be it more or less, adjoin- 
ing and belonging to said messuage, called the Blackstone lot, bnng 
the same which were conveyed to said Nathaniel by Richard Pepis, 
of Ashon, Essex County, and Mary his wife, as by their act, bear- 
ing date January 30, 1655, icill more fully appear. 

Mary Viall's one-quarter gets into said Nathaniel, who conveys 
the whole lot in 1709 (Suffolk, Lib. 24, f. 103) to Thomas Banis- 
ter as "an orchard and pasture, containing six acres more or less 
on the N.W. side of the common with the flats; the upland and 
flats being bounded N.W. on Charles river or a cove," etc.. etc., 
" Southerly on the Common." 

Blackstone's six-acre lot, therefore, was at the lower part of the 
south-westerly slope of Beacon Hill, or, according to the present 
monuments, it was at the bottom of Beacon street, bound' d sontherly 
toward the Common, and loesterly on the river. In other words, his 
fine taste led him, at the outset, to select for his abode the precise 
spot which is now the " Court-end " of the city. It must have been 
a sheltered and sunny enclosure of almost unrivalled beauty. 
Charles street was, in 1804, laid out along the water's edge, and, 
in the cellar of one of the houses easterly of that street (set off to 
the late B. Joy, one of the Mt. Vernon proprietors), is a copious 
spring, which was doubtless Mr. Blackstone's. Shaw, in his descrip- 
tion of Boston, p. 103, says: " Blackstone's spring is yet to be 
seen [1800] on the westerly part of the town, near the bay which 
divides Boston from Cambridge." 

I felt as proud of my delivery as a hen does that has laid an 
egg ; and it was the subject of much cackling on my part. An 



"Gleaner" Articles. 3 

account of it will be found in the " Boston Courier " of that time. 
"The Sexton of the Old School" has also made it the subject of 
one of his later lucubrations in the "Transcript," I had every 
reason, indeed, to believe that the public mind was forever enlight- 
ened on this momentous topic. Judge, then, of my mortification, 
Mr. Editor, when I found the old erroneous surmises reproduced 
in a standard work by so careful and well-informed an antiquarian 
as Mr. Drake ! — my " pet " discovery wholly ignored by the very 
man of all others who should have known everything about it ! — 
my "credit" as clean gone as if I had been an original stock- 
holder in the 



" Vermont Central." 



July 3. 



Rev. William Blackstone. Mr. Editor : — I was highly pleased by the 
attempt of your ingenious correspondent in last evening's "Transcript," to fix 
the location of Rev. Wra. Blackstone's liouse and spring. This is a subject 
which, as is well known to some of your many intelligent readers, has for 
many years been one of more than mere curiosity with me. The conclusion, 
however, to which he has arrived, to his own satisfaction, is not altogether so 
to ours. Lot us examine. 

Mr. Blackstone sells land to Richard Pepys. In 1655, Pepys sells land to 
Nathaniel Williams. In 167G, Mary, widow of Williams, conveys to her 
children, Nathaniel and Mary, " a certain messuage," and " also that six 
acres of land adjoining and belonging to said messuage, called the '* Black- 
stone lot." In 1709, Nathaniel Williams, jr., sells to Thomas Barrister " an 
orchard and pasture, containing six acres, more or less. All this is clear and 
admissible. 

But it does not so clearly appear to us to be demonstrated that either Mr. 
Blackstone's house or his spring were on this land. Your correspondent 
says: "Blackstone's six-acre lot was on the south-western slope of Beacon 
street." Admit it; but that " six-acre lot" is described in the deed of 1709 
as "an orchard and pasture." When Mr. Blackstone, in 1633, gave up his 
general claim to the township of Boston, fifty acres were reserved to him in 
severalty. (Snow's Boston, p. 50; Drake's Boston, p. 95.) The " six-acre 
lot " was no AoMht part of that fifty acres; but what evidence have we been 
presented with to prove to us that either Mr. Blackstone's " small cottage " 
or the "excellent spring" was there? Might they not have been, as Mr. 
Drake and others think, at the other extremity of the fifty acres, a tract con- 
siderably larger than the whole of Boston Common? There we find " Black- 
stone's," now " Barton's Point"; there we find a spring beneath a house in 
Poplar street, in which Mr. Drake formerly lived ; there we find "Spring 
street" and Spring-street court," which have been regarded as having been 
named in reference to " the excellent spring of fresh water." But there is 
no " point " on the " slope of Beacon street." 

I have no favorite theory to support in this matter, and only seek the truth; 
but my long habits of liistorical research have induced me to be cautious in 



4 City Document Xo. 105. 

drawing hasty conclusions from partial premises. Perhaiis your intelligent 
correspondent can furnish us with something more deflnite and conclusive. 
Where are the deeds of the other forty-four acres? What if one of them 
refers to the precise locality? 

Alonzo Lewis. 

Historical. Mr. Editor: — When I observe anything in your paper 
marked or "headed" Historical, I always read, or intend to read it; and 
read with avidity the article so marked in to-day's (July 2d) " Transcript," 
signed Vermont Central. This note is to call the attention of that writer to 
a single fact ; premising by the way, that when I was a youngster I was often 
deceived by cackling ; and that I am pleased with the tone of his article, and 
glad he has taken the pains to investigate so closely respecting the home- 
stead of Mr. William Blackstone ; but in his eagerness to show where Mr. 
Blackstone's homestead was in 1G55, it does not appear to have occurred to 
him that it could have been elsewhere in 1G30. Now that this u-as the fact I 
am fully persuaded ; for all the early indications at, and immediately after, 
the first settlement of Winthrop's company on the Peninsula point to the 
locality of Mr Blackstone where Mr. Drake has fixed it, so far as he has 
pretended to fix it. What Mr. Shaw says about Mr. Blackstone's spring 
can, by no arguments that occur to me, be transferred from West Boston to 
the foot of Beacon street; for West Boston did not, in early times, include 
this locality, or certainly not generally. What was meant originally by West 
Boston was chiefly included between what is now Cambridge street and the 
Millpond and Barton's Point. This name was naturally enough given to that 
section by the North End people. In process of time it extended to the hill 
on the southerly side of Cambridge street. Therefore, that Mr. William 
Blackstone lived, in 1630, in the vicinity of his spring on Poplar street, is the 
deliberate opinion of 

Uhbs Condita. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 



TI. 

HISTORICAL. 

July 6, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — Being at present confined to my house I am 
unable to refer to certain abstracts of my own, which I w(ill re- 
member, especially a deposition of Odlin, etc. Mr. Drake's his- 
tory, however (p. 530), supplies me with all I want, and proves, 
as I think, conclusively that Blackstone' s Point icas the six-acre lot 
which he reserved, and that his house stood on part of it. Mr. Drake 
speaks of the four depositions, in 1G84, of John Odlin, Rol)ert 
AValker, Francis Hudson, and William Lytherland, and he repre- 
sents them as saying that they had — 

Dwelt in Boston from the first planting thereof, and continuing so at this 
day (June 10, 1684) ; that in or about 1G34 the said inhabitants of Boston 
(of whom the Hon. John Winthrop, Esq., Governor of the Colony, was chief) 
did agree with Mr. William Blackstone for the purchase of his estate and 
right in any lands lying within the said neck called Boston ; and for said pur- 
chase agree that every householder should pay Gs., none paying less, some 
considerably more, which was collected and paid to Mr. Blackstone to his 
full satisfaction for his whole right, reserving only about six acres on the 
point commonly called Blackstone's Point on part whereof his then dwelling 
house stood; after which purchase the town laid out a place for a training 
field, which ever since and now is used for that purpose and for the feeding 
of cattle. 

Now, to my apprehension, nothing can make the matter clearer 
than the above extract from Mr. Drake's own history. If it had 
been printed in the part of the volume where his surmises are 
made in favor of Barton's Point, he could not, as it seems to me, 
have failed to be himself convinced of his mistake. The Common 
(which contains about 50 acres) was very probably the residue of 
the 50 oc?'es which had previously been granted to Mr. Blackstone, 
and which thus became revested in the town. 

One word of reply to Mr. Alonzo Lewis. Mr. Blackstone's 
cottage was doubtless a slight structure, and in 1709 had disap- 
peared ; but the trees which he had planted had grown, and were 



6 City Document No. 105. 

an orchard, which of itself becomes a conspicuous monument, — 
since it is the only orchard shown on the most ancient plans of Bos- 
ton. That there were numerous other springs I admit. That there 
was an excellent spring on this spot so near the original shore 
that the fresh water bubbled forth and ran down the sand to sea, 
I was assured by an aged witness, now deceased, who was con- 
sulted as to the titles in that locality in the suits of the Overseers 
of the Poor against the Mount Vernon Proprietors. 

SUMMARY. 

Edward Johnson, in 1630, in his " "Wonder- "Working Provi- 
dence," writes : " One [on] the South side of the River, one a 
Point of Land called Blaxton's Point, planted Mr. "U^illiam Blax- 
ton." 

The Records show that " 1 April, 1G33, it is agreed that INIr. 
"William Blackstone shall have fifty acres set out for him near his 
house in Boston to enjoy forever." 

Blackstone sold the town, the following year, all said allotment 
except six acres, on part of which his then house stood — the aale 
not being restricted to the 44 acres, but including all his right in 
the peninsula. He received £30, raised by a town vote assessed 
Nov. 10, 1G34. 

The deposition of Odlin, etc., is a well-known historical docu- 
ment, which has often been printed in extenso. 

Blackstone probably removed from Boston in 1G35. It is, at any 
rate, certain from a publication in 1G41 that he had removed before 
that year. See Savage's "Wiuthrop. Annie Pollard proves that he 
sold his reserved six acres to Richard Pepys. This six-acre lot, 
" commonly called the Blackstone lot," is traced from Pepys to 
1G55, through "Williams, to Banister, 1709, and through Copley to 
the Mount Vernon Proprietors — and it bounds S. on the Common, 
W. on the River. 

Now, as to the orchard planted by Blackstone. In a publica- 
tion of 17G5 it is stated that many of the trees still boie fruit. 
Bonner's plan of 1722, though it has no division lines marking the 
bounds of the Common, has an arrangement of trees in rows, i.e., 
an orchard, obviously in this locality. This orchard reappears in 
Price's plan of 1733. "Who can doubt that it was Blackstone's, 
Pepys', Williams', Copley's orchard? 

As to there being no Point at the foot of Beacon hill — all Bos- 
ton has been called in print " Blackstone's Neck," and the name of 



"Gleaner" Articles. 7 

Blaekstone's Point may have been given to that projecting part of 
Boston which was nearest to his house. It is, however, a mere 
question of nomenclature, and does not at all affect the question of 
where Blackstone actually lived. Besides, no one can know that 
there was not some such projection of the original shore at the foot 
of Beacon hill as might with propriety be called a point. The 
whole space at the bottom of the Common, now used as a parade 
ground, and of which the level has been greatly raised witliin a few 
years, was doubtless at that time a mere marsh or beach, occa- 
sionally, if not always, covered by the full tides. If so the shore 
must have made a decided bend or sweep towards the east, imme- 
diately in front of Mr. Blaekstone's homestead lot. In other 
words, there must have been ix point thus formed. On the whole, I 
think the " point" is " settled" where Blackstone settled, and feel 
safe in changing my signature to 

Q. E. D. 

Historical. Mr. Editor: — Your correspondent, "Vermont Central," 
otherwise "Q. E. D." has expended much labor and many words to prove, 
what no one has called in question — what I admitted in my first article — 
and what I published, with much more, some twenty years ago. The ques- 
tion is not where Mr. Blaekstone's " then dwelling-house stood, in 1634:," 
but where did his "small cottage" stand in 1623, eleven years previous? 
This question has not been answered, much less "demonstrated." 

Alonzo Lewis. 



City Document No. 105. 



II.* 

July 9, 1855.^ 

Mr. Blackstone, like " Monsieur Toxsox," is come again. 
Mr. Editor: — Dul}' appreciatiuj the courtesy of Mr. Alonzo Lewis, 
who recognizes the " much labor and many words " which I have 
expended in trying to convince him, I can only express my regret 
at having wholly failed in my object. He avows himself an entire 
sceptic as to the " whereabouts " of Mr. Blackstone's " small 
cottage " in 1623. I might, perhaps, suggest that at that time it 
was " nowhere." At any rate, as we can hardly hope for much 
light as to its exact location from Indian traditions or contempo- 
rary Phjmouth annals, I think we may rest satisfied if we can 
ascertain where it was when Boston first began to exist, — in the 
3'ear of " Urbs Condita," or A.D. 1630. Mr. Lewis admits the 
fact as stated and proved by me, that Mr. Blackstone's house, in 
1634, and the six-acre lot on which itthen stood, were at the north- 
west corner of the Common. It may be that " some twenty years 
ago," he, as he states, somewhere published the same " and much 
more." It is certain, however, that Mr. Drake has not done so in 
his " History of Boston," a circumstance which induced me to 
write m}' first article. 

In charging me with having failed to make out my case, Mr. 
Lewis virtually assures me of bearing a false name (Q. E. D.), and 
of having resorted to "false pretences" — of argument and 
demonstration. To an indictment of any sort I am aware that it 
is very unfortunate to be obliged to reply under two names ; since 
he who resorts to an " alias " is almost always a rogue. But my 
original name (" Vermont Central ") being, through the miscon- 
duct of a namesake, justlj^ an object of much odium, I changed it. 
To prove that I did so " according to law," or, in other words, that 
I am legally entitled to my present name, I will NIB my pen and 
oflTer a suggestion or two. 

The Charlestown records, as we have seen, speak of Mr. Black- 
stone as having "a cottage" at " Shawmutt" when, in 1630, he 
invited our ancestors to come across the river and settle there. So 

iThis article was omitted in the first edition. — W. H. W. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 9 

that his " small cottage," whensoever built, appears to have been 
then extant. In 1633 the inhabitants of Boston set off to him 50 
acres of land near "his house." They do not say "his new 
house," which would of course prove the existence of a prior 
structure, or " his noiu dwelling house," from which, possibly, 
':hough not necessarily, the same fact might be inferred. No one 
supposes that the first houses built here were of large size, with 
modern conveniences. All were at first " cottages." There is no 
reason, then, to doubt that the " cottage " of 1 630 and the " house " 
of 1833 were one and the same. It can hardly be supposed, in- 
deed, that before getting a grant from the town he would have 
proceeded to erect a second dwelling. But the deponents in 1684 
testify that in 1634 he sold to the town all his land except six 
acres, on part of which his then dwelling house stood, and that the 
town afterwards proceeded to lay out the training field, or Com- 
mon. Upon this little word " then " Mr. Lewis seems to take his 
stand. To his imagination it presents a preexistent dwelling house 
somewhere else. I am aware that a small word often varies 
extremely the meaning of a sentence. There is much virtue in an 
" if" or " but " ; and " no " is a host of itself. But, by all obvious 
and natural rules of construction, this "then" merely proves a 
non-existent dwelling house. It is as if these deponents in 1684 
had said, " Mr. Blackstone retained six acres, on which, fifty 
years ago, his then dwelling house stood, which is now no, longer 
standing." 

Snow, in his histor}', though he, too, like Drake, mislocates the 
six-acre lot as being probably at Barton's Point, does not intimate 
any theory of d^/pZica^e dwelling houses. He saj^s : "Blackstone 
cultivated with success the six acres which he retained, and soon 
had a garden plot and an orchard near his cottage and spring." 
Until, then, I shall hear some good reason for believing that Mr. 
Blackstone built a " small cottage" in 1623 at Barton's Point, or 
elsewhere, and then another " house" in another place before any 
grant from the town to him, I shall feel entirely convinced that his 
" cottage" and his " house" were one and the same building — 
or that, if diflferent buildings, they were, yet, both erected on the 
same homestead lot, at the bottom of the Common. 

And for trial of this issue, on the evidence already presented, 
I submit myself to the " Transcript" and " my country." 

Q. E. D. 



10 City Document No. 105. 



July 11. 

William Blackstone, his Orchard, Cottage and Spring. — I see a 
little discussion is going on — or off — I know not which— as to some of 
these things in your "Transcript." If you will look in your own band-box, you 
will find what seems to me quite as much to the purpose, and some things 
which may interest your inquiring friends. In 1849, March 14, 21, 28, April 
4, 11, 18, 25, May 2 and 9, some industrious creature published in the " Trans- 
cript " nine consecutive numbers, all about William Blackstone, his orchard, 
cottage and spring. This writer's conclusions, so far as it was possible to 
form conclusions from such slender premises, seemed reasonable to me then, 
and they seem so now; and if those conclusions were errors, they were evi- 
dently not arrived at without labor. Numbers 7 and 8 of the series, published 
Marcli 28 and April 4, relate entirely to the orchard, cottage and spring. As 
to the whereabouts of Mr. Blackstone's cottage in 1G23, your friend Q. E. D. 
has hit the location exactly — it was ' ' nowhere." Whoever has the courage to 
dive for that will do a public service, while he is down, by looking round for 
the old lady's cottage, W. B.'s grandmother's, about which nothing has yet 
been ^^ demonstrated." Those who preserve the "Transcript" will find the 
whole subject, in the numbers referred to, treated at some length. The con- 
clusions, as to the location, are the same with those at which Q. E. D. has 
arrived. 

John Smith, the Elder.' 



* There is little to be added to the able argument of Mr. Bowditch, set forth in his 
two preceding articles, and afterwards forlified ia his 67th article, later on. 

A few facts have since been found which may be worth repeating. The depositions 
referred to are also here reprinted, as they are often cited, and are important items in 
our history. 

Aug. Id, 1GS7. Jndge Sewall wrote in his Diary (i, 186) : " Went into Water alone 
at Blackstone's Point." 

July 22, 1709. He wi-ote (Diary ii, 260) : " In the evening Mr. May hew and I 
bath ourselves in Charles River behind Blackstone's point." 

Snow (History of Boston, p. 427) says, "Mr. Blackstone's beach is incidentally 
mentioned in a latter part of the ancient records of the town than that referred to p. 
51. [March 9, 1638.] His marriage also to Widow Sarah Stevenson, July 4, 1659, is 
recorded in its proper place. Gov. Endicote oflBciated on the occasion." As I have 
Snow's annotated copy, I find that this " later mention " is Feb. 27, 1643. The town 
records (vol. 2 of our Record Commissioucrs' Reports, p. 72) has the following entiy 
under this date : " William Colborou and Jacob Eliot are appointed to view a parcel of 
Land towards Mr. Blackstone's Beach which Richard Peapes desires to Purchase of 
the Towne whither it may be conveniently sold unto him." In the Book of Possessions 
Pcpyslot is not specifically recorded, but Jacob Leger, Robert Wing, and Jane Parker 
all al)uttcd on his lot, and it is easy to show where it was. The date of said Book ia 
now quite confidently assigned to A.D. 1645. — W. II. W. 

[Suff. Deeds, Lib. 24, fol. 106.] 

The Deposition of John Odlin aged about eighty two years, Robert Walker aged 
about seventy eight years, Francis Hudson aged about sixty six years, and William 
Lytherland aged about seventy six years, these Deponents being anticnt dwellers and 



"Gleaner" Articles. 11 

inhbbitants of the Town of Boston in New EngH. from the time of the tiist planting 
and selling thereof and continuing so at this day do jointly testily and depose that in 
or about the j'ear of our Lord one thousand six hundred thirty and four the then 
present inhabitants of said Town of Boston (of whom the hono^''. John Wiuthrop 
Esq'. Governour of the Colony was Chief) did treat and agi-ce with M'. William Biack- 
stone for the purchase of his estate and right in any lauds lying within the said Neck 
of land called Boston, and for said purchase agreed that every householder should pay 
six shillings, which was accordingly collected, none paying less, some considerable 
more, than six shillings, and the said sum collected was delivered and paid to M'. 
Blackstone to his lull content and satisfaction, in consideration whereof he sold unto 
the then inhabitants of SJ. Town and their heirs & assigns for ever, his whole right 
and interest in all & every of the lands lying within said Neck, reserving only unto 
himself about six acres of land on the point, commonly called Blackstone's Point, on 
part whereof his then dwelling bouse stood, after which purchase the Town laid out a 
place for a Training Field, which ever since and now is used for that purpose, and for 
the feeding of cattle. Robert Walker and William Lytherland further testily that 
M'. Blackstone bought a stock of Cows with the money he received, as above, and 
removed and dwelt near Providence where he lined till the day of his death. Boston 
the lO'"" of June 1684. Then personally appeared John Odlin, Robert Walker, Francis 
Hudson and William Lytherland the four Deponents above named and made oath to 
this Deposition according to their respective testimony, before us. S. Bradstreet, Gov- 
ernour, Sam. Sewall, Assistant. Februaiy the 8"" 1708 Received and accordingly 
enti'ed and exam**, p Addington Davenport Regist'. 



[SufF. Deeds, Lib. 26, fol. 84.] 

The Deposition of Anne Pollard of Boston Widow aged about eighty-nine years. 

This Deponent Testifyeth aud saith, That this Deponents husband M'. William 
Pollard occupied and improved a certain peice or parcel of land scituate near the 
bottom of the Common at the Westerly part thereof in Boston aforesaid and bounded 
on the sea south west for many years, and that her said husband hired the same of 
Richard Peepy's late of Boston aforesaid Gen'", deceased who often told this Depo- 
nent, That he the said Peepy's bought the said land of M'. Blackstone, Clerk, formerly 
of Boston aforesaid. And further this Deponent saith. That the said Peepy's built a 
house thereon wherein this Deponent and her said husband dwelt for near fourteen 
years, during which time the said Blackstone used frequently to resort thereto, and 
this Deponent never heard any controversy between him the said Blackstone and the 
said Peepy's about the said land, but that the same was always reputed to belong to 
him as this Deponent understood. And she further says. That soon after the sale 
thereof as she supposeth the said Blackstone removed from this Town of Boston, and 
further saith not. Anne Pollard g Signum. Boston, December 26"' 1711. Jurat et 
Capt in Perpetuam rei memoriam die et anno prsedict. Cor nobis, Jer. Dummer, 
Addington Davenport, Just. Pacis unus Quor. December the 26'* 1711. Received 
and accordingly entred and examined. P. Addington Davenport Regist'. 



12 City Document No. 105. 



ni. 

ANCIENT ITEMS. 

July 10, 1855. 

In 1676, after King Philip's war, Dr. Increase Mather, of Boston, 
" did by his letters procure a whole ship-load of provisions from 
the charit}' of his friends in Dublin." So that when Boston sent, 
by R. B. Forbes, Esq., a ship-load of provisions to Ireland, a few 
years since, it was but the paj-ment, without interest, of a debt 
contracted b}' our forefathers a century and three-quarters before. 
The debt is mentioned by Drake, but not its somewhat tardy dis- 
charge. Mr. Drake, in each page of his history, has, in the notes, 
preserved copies of the miscellaneous votes passed by the town in 
each year, these being generally of too trivial a character to justify 
an insertion in the text. Thus, under the year 1640, the following 
vote is recorded as passed March 30, viz. : " Ordered, That no more 
land be granted in the Town out of the open ground or common 
field, which is left between Sentry Hill and Mr. Colbron's end, ex- 
cept 3 or 4 lots to make up the street from bro. Robt. Walker's to 
the Round Marsh." On this vote he makes not a word of comment, 
and yet it was the origin of the Boston Common. Sentry Hill was 
Beacon Hill. Mr. Colbron's end or field extended from Wash- 
ington street back along Pleasant street and the water, and the street 
referred to is Boylston street. The Common originally reached to 
Tremont House, and indeed the little flower-garden at the S.E. 
corner was granted more than 190 years ago as a house-plat, out 
of that end of the Common. Rather a small-sized house-lot, by 
the way ! The granary and workhouse were ei'ected where the 
Park-street Church and houses now stand, the street leading by 
them having been called Sentry street. The Common originally 
extended to Mason street ; and the whole Colonnade Row block of 
houses was built on land sold oflT from it. On the other hand, its 
original dimensions were enlarged in 1780, by a purchase, from 
William Foster, of about two acres on Boylston street, east of the 
burying-ground, and between it and Tremont street. The Public 
Garden, was, and as I conceive still is, part of the Common, though 



"Gleaner" Articles. 13 

divided from it by Charles street about 1804. Surely a vote to 
which Boston is indebted for this beautiful public pleasure-ground 
should have received from its historian at least one sentence of 
mention in his text. 

Mr. Drake does indeed mention in his text that on March 31, 
1645, " there was purchased of Thomas Scotto for the use of the 
Town his dwelling-house, yard, and garden, for fifty-five pounds. 
[Cheap.] It was bounded on the north by land of Henry Messen- 
ger, on the east by Mr. Richard Hutchinson's, by the Common 
street south, and the burying-place west." But it would not have 
been amiss if he had added that this is the School-street estate, on 
which now stands the City Hall. Between this School-street land 
and the city land on Court street, on which formerly stood the 
prison and now stands the Court House, were intervening lots of 
Henry Messenger, etc., which have been subsequently acquired, so 
that the two estates are now united. And it would seem that of 
the original School-street land portions were subsequently sold off, 
on which were erected the brick buildings owned by the late John 
Lowell, Wm. Sullivan, etc., and which were again purchased at a 
much later day by the city, the land so repurchased being now laid 
out as ornamental enclosures in front of the City Hall. It is ob- 
servable that the west boundary of the deed of 1645 is on the 
burying-place. It was not until more than forty years after this 
period, under the administration of Andros, that the first Episcopal 
church, now known as King's Chapel, was erected on part of " the 

burying-place." 

Gleaner. 



14 City Document ^o. 105. 



IV. 

KING'S CHAPEL BURYING-GROUND. 

July 12, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — There is a well-knowu legal couundrum — 
" What is that which, when it has oace begun to run., never leaves 
off running?'* The answer is, " A statute of limitation." It, 
indeed, runs to some purpose. Its " might makes right." An 
unauthorized intrusion upon lands — a barefaced squat — it con- 
verts at last into a title., guarded by all the sacred majesty of law. 

Our citizens, as they pass by the chapel in Tremont street, see 
merely an ancient edifice, of fine proportions, belonging to one of 
our most wealthy and fashionable congregations, and in the bury- 
ing-ground adjoining they behold the resting-place of those who, 
from age to age, after having worshipped at that church., have, at 
last, been gathered together beside its hallowed walls. Nothing, 
however, can be further from the ti'uth of history. 

Isaac Johnson was one of the most distinguished of the founders 
of Boston. His wife, the Lady Arabella, nobly born and delicately 
nurtured, sunk at once under the fatigues and privations of her 
western voyage, and died at Salem, where she landed. The place 
of her burial is not known — 

" Yet still she hath a monument 
To strike the pensive eye, — 
The tender memories of the land 
Wherein her ashes lie." 

Her husband died shortly afterwards (September 30, 1630). 
The grave closed, as it were, at once over them both. 

It is tradition, derived from the late Chief Justice Sewall, that 
Mr. Johnson had chosen for his lot the great square between 
Washington, School, Tremont, and Court streets, and that, by his 
desire, he was buried at the south-west end of that lot, " which 
gave occasion for \.\\q first hurying-place of this town to be laid out 
round about his grave." It is, however, a matter of doubt where 
he was buried, and it does not appear that this whole square, or, 
indeed, any part of it, was ever actually granted to him. It is 



"Gleaner" Articles. 15 

certain that, in the " Book of Possessions " (our Doomsday -book) ^ 
it is subdivided among several possessors. 

Thus, Richard Hutchinson is "Possessor " of the S.E. corner lot 
on Washington street ; the buryiug-place is located at the S.W. 
corner on Tremont street ; while, between them, comes the estate 
which, in 1G45, Thomas Scotto sold to the town (now the City 
Hall estate). 

Here, then, were buried those sturd}' champions of Puritanism, 
who, dreadiug and detesting the thraldom of the Church of Eng- 
land, had left the comforts and luxuries of the Old World, that they 
might worship God according to their own consciences ; who 
through life had looked with almost equal aversion upon Episco- 
pacy and Popery. The feeling that prompted Endicott to cut out 
the cross from the King's colors — however the policy of his act 
might be questioned — really pervaded almost all minds. Fleeing 
from persecution themselves, they thought that they had the right 
to drive forth from among them, even hy persecution, those sectaries 
who sought, under claim of like liberty of conscience, to worship 
God in modes which they judged erroneous. Here lie buried John 
Winthrop, " The Governor," d. 1649 ; " the famous, reverend and 
learned Pastors," John Cotton, d. 1652, John Davenport, d. 1670, 
and John Oxenbridge, d. 1674; Major Thomas Savage, d. 1681-2; 
Major Thomas Brattle, d. 1683, and others, their wise and brave 
contemporaries. 

Mr. Cotton's burial has been quaintly described as " the most 
grievous and solemn funeral ever known upon the American 
strand;" and an elegy is extant "on the Sudden and much 
Lamented Death and Expiration of that Worthy, Grave, Pious, 
and I-Cverj'way accomplished Hero, Major Thomas Savage, Esq'r." 

How would it have shocked these worthies on their death-beds 
could they have foreseen that their last resting-place was eventually 
to be desecrated by the intrusion of a hateful Episcopal edifice^ 
within which, in still later times, under Episcopal forms, what they 
would have regarded as the damnable heresy of Unilarianism would 
be inculcated ! 

In May, 1686, the first society of Episcopalians was formed. 
The old charter of the Colony having been annulled, and the politi- 
cal power being then in the hands of that denomination, on the 
arrival of Andros, in December of that year, they succeeded in com- 
pelling the Old South Society to permit them to use their building 
as often as occasion required Drake says: " How the (Episco- 
pal) Societ}' obtained the laud on which their church stood has 



16 City Document No. 105. 

not been discovered ; * but it is not at all improbable that it was 
taken by order of Governor Audros out of the common burial-place 
which was given to the town by Mr. Isaac Johnson." It is cer- 
tain that it was built on part of that burying-place, — an appro- 
priation of the spot which could not have been obtained from the 
living except under duress, and wliich would have been utterly re- 
pugnant to the most cherished feelings of the dead. The act, in- 

* SomewLa: ^aLer Mr. Bowditch obtained some lijjht on this subject, and May 28. 
1858, be published the following in the " Transcript " : — 

A QUESTION OF TITLE. 

Mr. Editor : — In an article printed in the Transcript, in 1855, I illustrated the 
doctrine of squat titles and titles by possession by the case of King's Chapel — a part 
of a public burying-ground taken from the town for an Episcopal church, in the times 
of Andros. I bad a list of all deeds indexed under the name of " Boston," and found 
HO deed recorded. I still believe that article entirely accurate as to the original edifice 
and the land under it. Within a day or two, however, my attention has been called to 
a deed indexed under the names of Thomas Hancock and others, to Henry Caner and 
others, but which is really a deed of the Selectmen of Boston to the wardens and vestry 
of King's Chapel in 1748 (Suflf., 76, f. 82), by which certain additional pieces of land 
are bought by said grantees for the enlargement of the church, and which deed of 
course recognizes the ownership by said wardens and vestry of the original lot. Think- 
ing that a religious society would feel i-elieved to learn that any part of their church 
and land had been bought and paid /or, I am happy to refer them to this old deed, 
which, not being indexed under the names either of " Boston " or " King's Chapel," 
would necessarily be overlooked by all who sought for it. Gleaneb. 



In a tract entitled " A Vindication of New Englana," printed in 1688, written 
probably by Rev. Increase Mather, we find these words relative to the Episcopalians 
of Boston : " Thus at their own charge they built an house ; but can the Towns-men 
of Boston tell at whose charge the land was purchased ? " From a letter of Judge 
Sewall's in Mass. Historical Society's Collections, 4th series, vol. viii., p. 517, it seems 
certain that the Council under Andros's administration took the land for the church- 
building. There was no legislature, then, and this act of the supreme authority of the 
colony could not be questioned. 

But there is also evidence that, as early as 1710, the town entirely acquiesced in the 
title of the 'iJhapel, and was willing to grant an enlargement of its bounds. There will 
be found in the Eighth Report of the Record Commissioners, on p. 74, the follow- 
ing:— 

" At a meeting of the Free holders and other Inhabitants of the Town of Boston, 
duly qualified and warned According to Law, being convened at the Town-House 
the 14th of Octor 1710. 

A motion or Request in wiiteing being presented and distinctly Read at this meeting 
& is as followelh viz'. 

" The Request of the Hon"* Coll" Francis Nicholson together with the Ministers, 
" Church Wardens, and others of the Church of England in Boston Sheweth. 

" That the Church being too Small to accomodate the congregation and Strangers 
♦'that dayly Increase. And are desireous to Enlarge the Same with the Approbation 
" of the Select men and Inhabitants, but wanting Ground on the North Side and East 
" End, Request that they may have a Grant of fifteen loot wide on the North Side 
" and Seventy four foot in Length. And ten foot at the East end of the Church in 



"Gleaner" Articles. 17 

deed, could not, at first, have been regarded in any other light than 
as a flagrant wrong and insult. It is, however, now the source of 
one of the best titles in Boston, and is at least one good fruit of 
the tyranny of Sir Edmund Andros. 

According to the usual practice of reserving the most important 
matters for insertion in the postscript, I would mention that I, 
myself, witnessed on this spot a truly sacrilegious official act, 

" Length which is included in the S'' Seventy four foot. Resei-veing the Same Liberty 
" to all persons who have had any friends buryed in Said Ground which they En- 
" joyed heretofore. Which Request being granted Shall be ever Acknowledged &c." 
Voted, a grant to the S'' Gentlemen of their abovesaid Request." 

The deed from the town in 174S, quoted by Mr. Bowditch, is here reprinted in full, 
as it can hardly be abbreviated. — W. H. W. 

This Indenture made the tenth day of March, Anno Domini one thousand seven 
hundred & forty eight, and in the twenty-second year of his Majestys reign between 
Thomas Hancock Esq". Middlecott Cooke Gent". John Steel Esq'. William Salter and 
John Tyng, Gentlemen, Samuel Grant, Upholder, and Thomas Ilill, Distiller, all of 
Boston in the County of Suffolk and Province of the Massachusetts Bay in New Eng- 
land and present Selectmen of said Town, on the one part, and Henry Canuer, Clerk, 
James Gordon, Shopkeeper, John Bov, Merchant, John Gibbius, Apothecary, Charles 
Apthorp, Esq'. Sir Henry Frankland, Baronet, Eliakira Hutchinson Esq'. James 
Smith, Merchant, George Cradock, .Jonathan Pue and Job Lewis Esqr". James 
Forbes, Merchant, Sylvester Gardiner, Physician, and Charles Paxton, Esq', all of 
Boston aforesaid, as the said Henry Canner is Minister, the said James Gordon ana 
John Box the Wardens, and the said Charles Apthorp, Sir Henry Frankland, Eliakim 
Hutchmson, James Smith, George Cradock Jonathan Pue, Job Lewis, James Forbes, 
Sylvester Gardiner, John Gibbins and Charles Paxton are the Vestry of King's 
Chappel in Boston aforesaid, on the other part: Whereas the Freeholders and other 
Inhabitants of the Town of Boston in Town meeting legally assembled on Monday the 
eighteenth day of April last, did, in answer to the Petition of said Minister Wardens 
and Vestry of said Chappel, by their vote then passed impower the Selectmen afore- 
said to make a legal Conveyance in behalf of said town to the said Petitioners, (upon 
their first complying with certain terms and conditions therein mentioned and ex- 
pressed,) of a peice of land situate in said Boston, frontingon School street, extending 
thirty feet on said street from the east end of said Kings Chappel, and includes the 
Passageway into the Burying Ground and the Westerly part of the School house 
and of the laud thereto belonging, measuring thirty seven feet back from the said 
street, together with the old School house and other buildings belonging to it, being 
partly on the premises and partly on the Towns land adjoyning, to be removed when 
the town shall require it, at the expence of the Petit". ; also a strip of land thirty feel 
in length & four feet wide, extending from the northeast corner of the old Chappel 
upon a line with the north side of said Chappel, in order to erect thereon part of the 
walls of the propos'd New Church; also another strip of said wedth adjoyning to and 
turning upon a right angle with the former, thence running until it meets the larger 
peice herein first proposed to be granted, saving a passage way of six feet wide in the 
last mentioned strip thro' the walls of the new Church, in some convenient place 
between the said Northeast corner and the Chancel hereinafter mentioned, which 
entrance shall be at least six feet high, leading into a peice of burying ground belong- 
ing to the town, which peice measures twenty five feet North and South & twenty feet 
East & West ; also another peice of land in form of an half oval adjoyning Easterly 



18 City Document No. lOo. 

perpetrated by the direction of a superintendeut of the City Burial 
Grounds, now deceased. Under the very windows of the Historical 
Society he caused many gravestones to be removed fiom their 
original position, and rearranged thera as edgest^ones by certain 
paths wliich he there laid out. The result is, that the tear of affec- 
tion and friendship may hereafter be shed, or the sigh of sentiment 
breathed, in a wrong locality; and perhaps the bones of a stranger 



upon the beforementioned parcels of land, & extending fifteen feet north and as much 
south from the middle of the Easterraost line thereof, and to extend ten feet further 
east in its extream distance from said middle point, being for the proposed Chancel : 
provided there shall be still left a passage way of at least eleven feet in the narrowest 
part between said Chancel & M'. Cooke's line into the burying ground, provided also 
that the bodies of those who shall be known to lye in the said strips of land or within 
the said half oval peice, shall be decently taken up and buried in some other part of 
the burying ground with the consent of their friends, & in such manner as they with 
the Selectmen shall agree to and direct, or where no friends appear, they shall be 
removed as the said Selectmen shall direct, at the charge of the Pet". ; also a priviledge 
to extend their new building over the aforesaid peice of burying ground lying to the 
northward of the present School house, and measuring twenty five feet by twenty as 
before express'd, provided they do not carry the floor of the church or otherwise 
incumber the same within eight feet of the surface of the earth as it now lies, and that 
no Monuments or Grave stones either within or without the buildin^r be destroyed, 
and if accidentaly broken in carrying on the work, be repaired at the charge 
of the Pet"., unless they shall agree with the friends of those who may lye 
buried in said peice of ground, or where no friends appear, with the Selectmen, to 
remove the bodies in manner as is herein provided for the other dead bodies bel'ore- 
mention'd; then and in such case that the Selectmen be impowercd likewise to con- 
vey to the Pet", said peice of burying ground and the entrance into it herein before 
reserved, which said terms and conditions were, that said Petitioners should procure 
and cause a legal title to be made to the Town of a certain peice of land over against 
the present Grammer School then in the occupation of the Widow Green and others, 
measuring thirty four feet and a half or thereabouts on School street, & ninety seven 
feet back more or less, bounded on the west by Col°. Wendalls land, and easterly on 
a passage way leading to the house where M'. Gunter now dwells, together with the 
priviledge of said passage way for ever; saving to the Petitioners a liberty of remov- 
ing if they saw good, the buildings then upon said land when required by the Select- 
men, said Petitioners likewise to erect upon said land a new School house, & finish 
the same in like decent manner with the present School house, to the satisfaction of 
the Selectmen, as by said votes reference thereto being had, may more fully appear. 
And Whereas the said Petitioners or some of 'em, in pursuance of said votes have 
since purchased the last described peice of land on the south side of School street, and 
by Deed conveyed the same to said Town of Boston, and also erected a new Brick 
School house thereon at their expcnce, which School house the Selectmen aforesaid 
have viewed, and judging the same to be complcatly finished, according to the Vote 
of the Town did by their vote pass'd the sLxth of March instant accept of the same 
accordingly. 

This Indenture therefore Witnesseth, that the said Thomas Hancock, Middlecott 
Cooke, .John Steel, William Salter, John Tyng, Samuel Grant and Thomas Hill, 
Selectmen as aforesaid, in consideration that the aforesaid peice of land on the south 
■ide of School street aforesaid, has been convcj'cd to the Town of Boston, and a 
School house thereon eiected and compleatly finished at the expenee of the Peti- 



"Gleaner" Articles. 19 

instead of an ancestor may be piously gathered and entombed anew 
by a descendant^ unsuspicious of so strange and inexcusable an 
outrage. In delightful contrast to this attempt to improve " The 
King's Chapel Burying Ground," let me refer yowY readers to a 
beautiful volume, in which it is described, hy Thomas Bridgman, 
published in 1853, and entitled " Memorials of the Dead in Boston." 

Gleaner. 



tioEers, as is aforementioned, have gi'anted enfeoffed conveyed and confirmed, and by 
these presents do pursuant to said Town vote fully and absolutely trrant enfeof 
convey and confirm unto the said lleniy Caner, James Gordon, John Box, John 
Gibbins, Charles Apthorp, Sir Henry Frankland, Eliakim Hutchinson, James Smith, 
George Cradock, Jonathan Pue, Job Lewis, James Forbes, Sylvester Gardiner and 
Charles Paxton, the severall peiccs or parcells of land and priviledge aforesaid that 
they the said Selectmen were impowered to convey by the said Vote; saving and always 
reserving unto the said town all such rights and priviledges as they are particularly 
express'd & reserved to the town in and by said votes. To have and to hold the 
said granted lands and priviledge (reserving as aforesaid) unto them the Henry 
Caaer, James Gordon, John Box, John Gibbins, Charles Apthorp, Sir Henry 
Frankland, Eliakim Hutchinson, James Smith, George Cradock, Jonathan Pue, Job 
Lewis, James Forbes, S}ivester Gardiner and Charles Paxton and to the successors 
of the said Minister Wardens & Vestry for ever, to & for themselves & the congrega- 
tion that usuallj' attend the Publick Worship of God in said place, and their only use 
and benefit for ever. In Witness whereof the partys to these presents have hereunto 
interchangeably set their hands and seals, the day and year first aforewritten. 
Thomas Hancock and a seal, Middlecott Cooke and a seal, John Steel and a seal, 
W". Salter and a seal, Sam'. Grant and a seal, Tho=. Hill and a seal. Signed sealed 
and delivered in presence of us, Ezekiel Goldthwait, Ezekiel Price. Suffolk ss. 
Boston March 10'''. 1748. The aforenamed Thomas Hancock, Middlecott Cooke, 
John Steel, William Salter, Samuel Grant, and Thomas Hill Selectmen &", person- 
ally appeared and acknowledged the within instrument to be their free act and deed, 
coram John Fayerweather Just'. Pacis. March 10"" 1748 Received and accordingly 
cntred and txamined. P. Ezekiel Goldthwait Reg'. 



20 City Document No. 105. 



V. 

THE BARRICADO OF 1672. 

Juhj 13. 1855. 

Mr. Drake, in his " History of Boston," p. 394, says, under date 
of Sept. 5, 1G72 : " The fears of an invasion from the Dutch may 
have given rise to a stupendous project of fortifying the town. A 
circular wall was ordered to be erected, extending from one ex- 
tremity of the cove to the other, or its terminations were the Sconce, 
at the point noiv occupied by India ivharf, on the South, and Capt. 
Scarlet's wharf, at the foot of Fleet street, on the North." " The 
circular line to be built upon was to touch the channel at the nearest 
point before the town, and between the wall and the seaward ex- 
tremities of the wharves, built and to be built, one hundred feet 
space for vessels was to be left." "This great structure fell 
gradually into decay, and it has been long since any vestiges of it 
were to be seen. Its exterior was probably of wood. It went by 
the name of the Old Wharf as long as any of it remained." 

There are various inaccuracies in the above statements. It 
would hardly be proper to say that the Declaration of Independence 
may have been caused by the aggressions of the mother-country. 
The Sconce, or South Battery, which was one terminus of the 
structure (though I have not my plans to refer to), coincides, I 
believe, with Roive's wharf* rather than India wharf which it 
adjoins. The structure was not built on a circular line, but on a 
straight line or lines. It was the earliest large wharf erected in 
Boston. Long wharf did not exist till 1710. Central wharf and 
India wharf were built within the present century. Further, it was 
erected ivithout any reference to " touching the channel.'" And what 
is meant by the phrase " Between the wall and the seaward ex- 
tremities of the wharves built and to be built, one hundred feet 

* Foster's wharf bounds northerly on " Sconce " lane, 13 feet wide, laid out in 1673. 
On the northerly side of this lane is Rowe's wharf, of which part was conveyed to John 
Rowe in 17G4, by the executors of Jacob Wendell, and the residue (measuring 100 feet 
on Batterymarch street, now Broad street) was conveyed to said Rowe by the inhabi- 
tants of the Town of Boston, in 1785. (Suffolk, Lib. 181, fol. 258.) This was pari of 
the Old South Battery estate or Sconce. The name of Batterymarch street is derived 
from this battery, which bounded upon it. — [Note by the author."! 



"Gleaner" Articles. 21 

space for vessels was to be left " ? The facts are, that the structure 
was a sea-wall, built across the mouth of the cove, with certain 
" gaps " or openings left for the passage of vessels. All the flats 
outside of this wall, to the channel, and also two hundred feet in 
width of the flats inside of it, or towards the town, were granted 
in fee simple to the individual undertakers who erected the struct- 
ure. And the various upland owners were restricted from wharf- 
ing out be3^ond a circular line, which was swept along the shore 
from one terminus of the structure to the other, which " circular 
line" ranged west of much of the present Commercial street, etc. 
The consequence was, that many conveyances of wharf-estates on 
this cove, for a century and a half, instead of bounding on " the 
sea," or "low-water mark," bound on " the cirmkirline," to which 
their right of wharfing out was thus restricted. Mr. Drake, recol- 
lecting that there teas a circular line somewhere, has erroneously 
tratisj erred it to the actual structure. The whole space between the 
" circular line " and the line of the two hundred feet of inside flats 
granted to the undertakers was to remain in common for wharfage, 
etc., and not merely, as Mr. Drake says, "a one hundred feet 
space." 

Mr. Drake speaks of this structure as having long since " ivholly 
ceased to exist." Down to the time of the erection of Central 
wharf, say forty years ago, a portion was standing, called the 
South Island wharf, on which were salt stores belonging to the 
proprietors of Long wharf. Over part of this Island wharf Cen- 
tral wharf was laid out. In digging for the foundations of that 
wharf branches of trees — part of the " primeval forest," with the 
bark still entire, were thrown up from the bottom of the original 
structure, with the stones in connection with which they had been 
sunk one hundred and forty years before. Another similar 
"island," lying north of the Long wliarf, was removed about 
twenty-five years ago for the purpose of making a channel or 
water passage in common for the wharves in the vicinity. And at 
this present time (1855) one of the chief wharves of the city, 
though now of course rebuilt, is itself but a part of the Barricado 
of 1672, viz., the T wharf. The neck of the T, connecting it with 
Long wharf, is a part of that structure, and the T itself still main- 
tains entire and enjoys its two hundred feet of flats inside, and all 
the flats outside towards the sea, — all, or nearly all, said flats being 
now covered by the present solid and substantial wharf. Here 
certainly is a very respectable " vestige " of this old enterprise. 

The name of this structure was "The Barricado," or "out 



22 City Document No. 105. 

wharf." It only acquired the name of " The old wharf or wharves " 
by lapse of time, and probably after it had fallen into decay ; 
after it had got into the condition of an estate near the foot of 
State street, an ancient deed of which graphicallj- describes it as 
" a messuage now running to despair." It is as much a misnomer 
as if the South Society had been stated to have had the prefix 
" Old'' when it was first established. 

The Barricado grant gave to each "undertaker" a fee simple 
title, but it was upon the condition that he, his heirs and assigns, 
should keep in repair the part which he built. Breaches of this 
condition have graduall}' worked a forfeiture of almost all these 
titles, but the grant itself will always remain one of great historical 
intei'cst. It is perhaps the most anomalous exercise of power recorded 
in our local annals ; being utterly inconsistent with the prior vested 
rights of all the upland owners in that cove, who, by virtue of the 
Colony ordinance of 1641, as construed by the present conditions of 
our Supreme Judicial Courts already owned in fee simple all the 
flats to the channel. 

Gleaner. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 23 



VI. 

ST. PAUL'S CHURCH. 

July 14, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — "We have seen that King's Chapel Church origi- 
nated in something like a "squat." There is one circumstance 
respecting St. Paul's Church equally peculiar, and perhaps not 
generally known even to those who worsliip there. 

At the beginning of all things Robert Blott is found to be 
" Possessor" of a tract of land, measuring 140 feet on the high- 
way, now Washington street, and extending in depth 276 feet 
along a cross street or lane, named from him Blott's lane, after- 
wards "Willis's or Banister's lane, now Winter street. Behind this 
lot, occupying all the residue of Winter street to the Common, was 
the possession of John Leverett, who is named as the westerly 
abutter of Blott in the " Book of Possessions." The northerly part 
of Leverett's possession, measuring 210 feet in front on Winter 
street b3' about 100 feet in depth, is tlie source of title to the blocks 
of dwelling-houses now standing thereon, four of which front on 
Tremont street, the others on Winter street. 

The southerly part of Leverett's Possession had been sold off, as 
early as 1664, to one Wyard or Wyre, though the deed is not re- 
corded. Thus, we find that "Hudson Leverett, alias John 
Leverett," mortgaged in 1664 an half an acre of ground, bounding 
on the street north, the Common west, the land now Goocbnan 
Wyre's W. (evidently a mistake for S.), and Goodman Blott's 
easterly. 

Robert Wyard and Sarah his wife convej' to John Wampas, an 
Indian,^ by warranty deed, dated January 28, 1666, recorded Sep- 

' An instance of the holding of real estate by one of a class rarel.r so enriched in 
colonial days is recorded in Siiff. Deeds, Lib. viii, fol. 298. It is here cited at length 
as a suitable illustration of the times, the necessaiy punctuation being supplied. 

W. H. W. 

Depositions op Jvhes Penntman, John Clough, Junior, and Meneno, 
Negro, relative to [Angola]. 

James Pennyman, aged forty one years or thereabouts, sworne, saith that about 
foure years since, being in a shed that John Clough had sett up on a peece of land 
he had bought of Willia.n Talmage, joyning to the highway leading to Roxbury, at 



24 City Document No. 105. 

tember 28, 1668, in Suffolk Deeds, Lib. o, fol. G90. a tract of land 
210 feet deep and 32 feet broad, more or less, bounded W. on the 

his worke, y". late Richard Bellinghaui, Esq'. & then Governor, coming rideing by, 
called to this deponent & inquired of him whether he knew who had puld downe his 
fence ; y. deponent answered him he knew not, it was so universally donne, every 
one almost coming that way findeing it soe dirty would be pulling downe the fence 
to mend the highway ; at which the Governor seemed trobled, but sayd, " I thought 
it would have bin better, I have given Angola the Negro, a peice of my land fronting 
to the highway, of livety foot square, to him & his children for ever," upon which, 
the deponent answered him, " if your worshipp, now you are agiveing, will be pleased 
to give mec a peice, I would thank you and accept of itt." The Governor replyed, 
" thou never didst that for mee which hee hath done; he was the onely instrument 
that under God saved my life, comeing to mee with his boate when I was sunke in 
the liiver betwene Boston & Winisimct, severall years since, & layd hold of mee & 
got me into the boate ; he came in and saved my life, which kindnese of him I re- 
member ; and besides my giveing him fifty foot square of my land, to him & his, I 
shall see hee shall not want whilst I live." In which the deponent tould the Governor, 
that being hee had soe done & it was his pleasure soe to doe, or words to that efect, 
he might doe well to give him a Deed of Gift of it, for now the Law required that 
lands should be held liy Deed of Sale or Deed of Gift ; to which the Governor replyed, 
he resolved to give him a Deed for itt, but they two should not differ. And further 
the deponent saith that not long after hee was present on the place, & on the said Gov- 
ei-nor Bellinghams request did help on John Jaxson a Carpenter to lay it out; & 
held one end of the pole l)y which the said peice of fivety foot of land square was 
measured & layd out to the said Angola, by his order, as now it is fenced in ; & have 
bin injoyed by the said Angola ever since; the Governor then adding that hee gave 
the said peice of land to Angola & his heirs for ever, but so as not to be sould by his 
wife, in case shee should marry againe, from Angola's Children; & further saitb 
not. 

John Clough, Junior, aged forty seaven or thereabouts, deposed, saith that hee was 
present neere the place abovementioned in James Penniman's deposition, & at that 
tyme, & saw the late Governor Richard Bellingham Esq', on his bay horse sitting, & 
so discoursing w"" the said Penniman ; & heard the said Richard Bellingham Gov', so 
declai-e, that he had & did give the said Angola the said peice of land of fivety fool 
square, to injoy to him & his heirs for ever ; & in answere to the said Pennimans 
proposition of a Deed, heard the Governor to answere as above, adding, that hee <S 
Angola shold not differ; and that hee was at worke when the Land was so laid out by 
the said John Jaxson, & that by the Governors appoyntraent; bceing pi-esent, the 
he was not soe nigh as to heare all that was then said. 

Meneno, Negro, aged about 60 years, deposed, saith, that some foure yeare since, 
beeing at carrieing of the late Governr. Richard Bellingham Esqr. wood into his yard, 
when wee, that is myselfe & Angola, had done, the Governor giveing us a cup of sack, 
said, stroakeing Angola on the head, " I have given you a peice of land of fivety foot 
square ; now I am in a good mood, goe & take itt ; " & somewhile after, the sa Menene 
was present w"". the said Richard Bellingham Gov'. & John Jaxson, James Penniman 
& Ileniy Tyte, & is declared in the said Peniman & Cloughs oath, same the said 
Jaxson & Penniman to lay out the said land ; & heard the Governo' say to Angola, 
" now it is thine ; " and further saith not. 

Taken upon the oaths of the 3 severall persons herein mentioned this IG"". of 
12'". m 73 before. 

STMON BRADSTRERT ) A ggjg* 

Edward Tynq J 
Recorded & compared 16*. 12 : 73 p. Freegrace Bendall Rec. 



" Gleaner " Articles. 25 

Common, S. on John Cross, E. on Alexander Baker (who had 
succeeded Blott), and N. on land now or late of Leverett. 

And it is from this Indian, John Wampas, that St. Paul's Church 
derives its title to the northerly portion of its estate, say 32 feet on 
Tremont street, by 210 feet in depth. 

The light of Gospel truth emanating from a truly heathen source I 

Gleaneb. 



26 City Document No. 105. 



vn. 

THE FIRST CHURCH. 

July 17, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — It is believed that the title of the First Church 
in Chauncy place is, in one particular, entirely unique. Summer 
street, from its leading towards a mill, and from its passage by the 
Seven Star Inn (which once occupied the site of Trinity Church), 
was in ancient times known successive!}' as " y® Mylue streete," 
and Seven Star lane." It was at first called merely " the street" 
or highwa}'. The " Book of Possessions," among the estates on 
the south side of this street, has the following item: " Richard 
Hollich, one house and lot, bounded with Thomas Bell, East, 
Gamaliel Waite, West, William Blantaine, South, the streete, 
North." 

From the possession of Gamaliel Wait, on the west, is derived 
the title of the store now occupied by Hovey & Co. Thomas Bell, 
named as the adjoining easterly owner, was dead in 1655, and his 
son Thomas sold to John Maryon [i.e., Marion] a moiety of the 
estate in 1GG8, described as measuring 90 feet on the street, and 
bounded "• with the land of Richard HoUidge West, and is there 
254 feet more or less." 

Richard HoUing/iead of Boston, planter [being the tJdi'd alias 
under which this original possessor appears] and Ann his wife, 
" being preserved to a state of old age, attended with man}- weak- 
nesses and infirmities, and for a valuable sum of money secured to 
be annually paid us, and the survivor of us, " — conveyed to Henry 
AUine and Robert Sanderson, "Deacons of the First Church of 
Christ in Boston aforesaid, whereof we are members," " all that 
our dwelling-house and housing with the land whereupon they 
stand, yards, garden, orchard, barn, and land unto us belonging, 
situate on the southerly end of the town of Boston aforesaid, and 
butted and bounded Northeasterly on the street or highway. South- 
easterly by the land of John Marion, Sr., Southwesterly by the 
land of Phebe Blanton, widow, and Northwesterly by land of 
Gamaliel Wait " (reserving during their lives the use of the old 
house, so called, and the little garden), "to have and to hold to 



"Gleaner" Articles. 27 

them, their successors in said office, or assigns, to the only proper 
use and behoof of said Church or Society forever," by warranty 
deed dated December 17, 1680, recorded December 20, in Suffolk 
Deeds, Lib. 12, fol. 1. 

The first church edifice erected in Boston was on the south side 
of State street. The present Brazier's building occupies part of 
the site, though the original lot projected out much farther into the 
street. The whipping-post and stocks, etc., were, one or both, 
erected in front of it. The mental and physical means of improv- 
ing the population were thus brought into immediate juxtaposition. 

After standing on this spot about nine years the church was re- 
moved, in 1640, to its second location, on Cornhiil square. 

By an indenture in 1807 (Suffolk, Lib. 223, fol. 131) between 
Ebenezer Preble (who had succeeded Marion) aud the then 
deacons of the First Church, Chauncy place was laid out, 40 feet 
wide, almost wholly over land of the church (a triangular gore of 
land, six feet wide on the street, and running to a point at the dis- 
tance of 117 feet, being all that was contributed by Mr. Preble, 
who bought of the Society a somewhat larger triangular gore of 
land, extending from said point southerly and lying easterly of the 
easterly line of said place) . The Society then sold Benjamin Joy, 
Esq., in 1808, their estate in Cornhiil square (on which he erected 
" Joy's Building "), he agreeing to erect for the Society four brick 
dwelling-houses on the front portion of their Summer-street estate. 
Behind this block of houses stands the present church, bounding 
easterly on the new court thus laid out. And a school-house was 
subsequently erected on a lot sold ofi" on the south side of the 
church.'* 

The original homestead lot of Mr. Hollich appears to have been 
about 150 feet wide, and more than 250 feet in depth ; and now, 
though a quarter of an acre of it is appropriated as a highway, it 

* Few portions of the city have changed more rapidly than this. Many will re- 
member Chauncy Hall school, founded by Gideon F. Thayer, and wiU also recall 
Chauncy place, separated from Bedford place first by an old brick wall, and then by 
a handsome iron fence, allowing transit to foot-passengers only. The church and the 
school both tlourish on Back Bay. The demands of commerce, heralded by the short 
occupation of the west corner of Chauncy and Summer streets as a post-office, in ISGO, 
have entirely changed Chauncy place. Through Judge Jackson's beautiful garden, on 
Bedford place, Avon street is now extended, and on the corner of Bedford street stands 
the Mechanics' Association Buildiug, used as a City Hall, 1863-5. Just west of it, on 
Bedford street, stood The Second Church, in a lot bearing the last signs of 
Wheeler's pond. The High and Latin school-house opposite has vanished, and a wide 
though curving street has opened up to civilization various ends of divers courts. Suf- 
folk place has been extinguished, and huge stores cover its site. — W. H. W. 



28 City Document No. 105. 

conveniently accommodates two public edifices and four private 
ones. So that the first occupant had ample room for " swinging 
a cat" whenever he felt so inclined. 

There is probably no land in Boston, except that on which Chauncy 
place Church stands, which is held under a direct conveyance from 
the first possessor, and of which no subsequent conveyance has ever 
been made. 

Gleakxb. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 29 



VIIL 

NOVELTIES IN ESTATES. 
July 19, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — There are " curiosities of law" as well as " curi- 
osities of literature." "When just entering that profession — which 
I regret to confess was at a remote period of some thirty years ago 
— I remember hearing the following professional anecdote : A 
young lawyer had put up his "shingle," and sat waiting for his 
first client. An interesting female in black walked into the 
apartment, and submitted her case to his consideration. She was 
a widow, and the second- story apartments of her husband's house 
had been assigned to her in full of her dower or thirds in his real 
estate. The building had just been burnt up. The question sub- 
mitted was, "What had become of her dower? This was 
decidedly a " poser." The attornej' had to dig very laboriously to 
get at the foundations of this " castle in the air." What was the 
final advice given to this fair client I do not remember. 

It is often the case that an arched passage-wa}' is laid out 
thi-ough an estate, so that a portion of a house is sustained above 
it. Such are the estates at the entrance of Williams court, and of 
Disbrow's Riding-school, in Washington street. I do not recollect, 
however, more than two instances, in the whole city, of fee simple 
estates without any land whatever attached to them. One of these 
is the lofts over the arch on India wharf, which belonged to the 
late John Lowell, Jr., at the time of his death ; the adjoining stores 
which sustain it being the property of others, one or both of them 
being subject to the easement of a stairway which forms the means 
of access to the lofts. The other instance is that of the apart- 
ments over the arch in Franklin place.* Thus Charles Vaughan, 
William Scollay, and Charles Bulfinch, in consideration of five 
shillings, and for the promotion of the designs of the Massachu- 
setts Historical Society, conveyed to said Society, May 1, 1794, 

^ The entrance from Fi-anklin sti-eet to Arch street was only wide enough to allow 
of the passage of one team. Brick posts divided the roadway from the sidewalk oa 
each side. After the great fire of 1872 Arch street was widened, and the lines mate- 
rially altered, at an estimated expense of $334,000 ; including its extension through 
Morton place. Of course the arch disappeared. — W. H. W. 



30 City Document No. 105. 

(Suffolk Deeds, Lib. 179 , fol. 98), " the upper apartment or room 
in the centre building in Franklin place, in Boston, called the 
Crescent, wiih the passage-way or staircase leading to the same." 
[See, also, Lib. 446, fol. 43, Suffolk Deeds, for conveyance of 
Vaughan to the Boston Library.] 

In contrast to houses without any land attached to them, we 
sometimes find lands upon which no buildings stand or can stand. 
Thus, opposite the last-mentioned arch, is the enclosed area in 
Franklin place. This originated under the following deed : 
Charles Vaughan, retaining 6-50ths, conveyed to 21 grantees 
44-50ths of the block of eight dwelling-houses, east of the arch — 
by deed dated May 3, 1794 (Suffolk Deeds, Lib. 178, fol. 107), 
and covenants that a certain street shall be kept open, " enclosing 
in its circuit a piece of ground of semi-oval form — the shortest 
diameter of which, in the centre between its extreme points, shall 
be 30 feet, which said semi-oval piece of land shall be kept unoccu- 
pied by any buildings forever, for the accommodation, convenience, 
and beauty of said lot of land, and the advantage of said houses." 

Buildings without lands are rather unsubstantial, — and land 
without buildings is rather unproductive. I should always give a 
decided preference to investments in which both are judiciously 
united. 

Gleaner. 



" Gleaner " Articles. 31 



IX. 

THE NAMES OF STREETS. 

July 20, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — Few matters of mere taste and fashion result in 
more serious ineonvenieuces than the frequent and capricious 
changes made in the names of streets. Our original street nomen- 
clature was certainly not very select, yet how interesting would it 
be to the local antiquarian to feel sure at once of the identity of 
some old locality from its existing name ! How many spots in 
London are still visited by pilgrims who delight to recall the wits 
and sages who formerly frequented them ! The memory of the 
great lexicographer is better perpetuated by Bolt court than it 
would be by Johnson square. 

Our Pudding lane, so called, probably, from some primitive 
eating-house,® had not ceased to be an appropriate designation even 
in the days of the Exchange Coffee-house — though it had long 
been superseded by Devonshire street. Frog lane, so named from 
the ancient croakers on the Common, though now called Boylston 



6 In the notes to " John Dunton's Letters from New England in 1686," printed by 
the Prince Society in 1867, 1 have fully explained this name. It seems that the famous 
"Blue Anchor Tavern" fronted on \Yashington street and bounded south-east on 
Pudding lane. (Suff. Deeds, Lib. 21, f. 369.) The exact location is fixed by the deed 
of Maiy Lidgett (Lib. 19, f. 71), of laud bounded west forty feet on the highway to 
Roxbury, south by land and house belonging to Harvard College, north by Mouck's 
house, etc. The store still belongs to Ilai-vard College, and is the one occupied by 
Little, Brown, &, Co. The Lidgett estate, which was bought of "William Avery and 
Mary his wife, widow of John Tappan, seems to include the two stores next north of 
the College property, and thus the old tavern estate would be the one next north of 
the angle in the street. The lot north of the tavern belonged to John Wiswall, whose 
daughter, Mary Emmons, sold it in 1709 (Lib. 24, f 241) to Elisha Cooke. It bounded 
south on the house formerly the Anchor Tavern, " now in possession of James Pitts," 
and north on house and land of said Cooke. Elisha Cooke, therefore, came next north, 
and the corner belonged to Col. Nicholas Paige. Said Paige gave it, in December, 
1714, to Nathaniel Oliver (Lib. 30, f. 246), bounding north on King street (now State 
street) fifty-seven feet; east on John Gerrish one hundred and thirty-two feet; 
south on Cooke and Pitts ; west on Cooke and Cornhill street (Washington street). 
The old lines remained with hardly a change until our times, when State street has been 
widened slightly, and Devonshire street (the old Pudding lane) has been materially 
altered. 

The Blue Anchor Tavern was famous in our early histoiy, until its sale in 1703. It 
accounts most satisfactorily for Pudding lane. — W. H. W. 



32 City Document No. 105. 

street, will, I understand, iu view of the very latest improvements, 
be ofl3cially changed to " Squirrel avenue." Goodman Robert 
Blott ought still to preside over Winter. When King and 
Queen streets gave place to State and Court streets, what lingering 
sense of loyalty to the House of Hanover caused that name to be 
retained ? Think of Queen Anne, of glorious memory ! being actu- 
ally obliged to change her name, because, by harboring females of 
bad repute, she at last lost her own character, and made her near- 
est neighbors ashamed of her acquaintance ! And, then, what an 
insignificant and unmeaning misnomer of North street was substi- 
tuted ! Look at the late preposterous extension of the name of 
Congress street through to Broad street, in violation, as it were, of 
the vested rights of Theodore Atkinson I 

Hog alley, indeed, is the only ancient home which I am not 
prepared to defend. It was a small alley formerly ruuuiug from 
Washington street, now discontinued and making part of th» 
Adams-House estate and that next adjoining. Patriotism may 
palliate, though it does not justify, the merging into Washington 
street of the several streets known as Dock square, Marlboro' 
street, Newbury street, Orange street, and the Neck. How much 
more convenient were the former subdivisions, to say nothing of 
the victories of Marlboro' and the fame of the noble House of 
Orange, which these old names commemorated ! Who can now 
tell, for instance, where 343 or 789 Washington street is, without 
first ascertaining the nearest cross streets between which it is situ- 
ated? An old gentleman once told me that he had always lived in 
the same house, but on six different ."itreets. It fronted easterly on 
Orange street, afterwards Washington street, and bounded north- 
erly on Nassau street, afterwards Common street, then Tremont 
street, and finally Common street again, after Tremont street was 
extended through to meet Tremont road. An individual who 
devotes himself to the examination of land titles may, indeed, well 
sigh at these changes. 

It is refreshing to a lover of the past to find a few names still 
commemorating original proprietors. The area included between 
Green street and Cambridge street once converged almost to a 
mere point, called the Field Gate, By diflTerent deeds, in 1667, 
1672, and 1G85, Simon Lynde purchased nearly the whole tract 
through to Chambers street, and the same became vested by mesne 
conveyances in his son, Samuel Lynde, who, in 1691, bought the 
remaining lot, and by deed dated in 1718 (L. 32, f. 270) conveyed 
the whole to John Staniford, as bounded easterly by the highway 



"Gleaner" Articles. 33 

i.e., Boiodoin square, which had cut off the apex of the triangles), 
66 feet northerly on Green lane, 855 feet on a bevel line, as the 
fence runs ; westerly on land of Charles Chambers, 546 feet, and 
southerly on Cambridge street, 677 feet. Through this tract of 
about six acres were laid out two highways, appropriately named 
Lynde street and Stamford street. 

There is one " oasis" in this desert, — one street of xoliich the 
name can never he changed without a violation of the plighted faith 
of the city. John Hull, who, by coining the famous pine-tree shil- 
ling for the public, amassed a large private fortune, invested some 
of his residuary shillings in a pasture at the north part of the 
town, containing IJ acres, bought of Richard Duraer in 1665. 
(Suffolk, L. 6, f. 235.) It was between Salem, Snowhill, and 
Charter streets. He died in 1683, intestate, leaving a widow and 
one daughter. His only child, Hannah, married Samuel Sewall, 
Esq., and Hull street was conveyed b}' them to the town in 1701 
and 1705 (L. 20, f. 265), on the express condition that it should 
always continue to bear that name. If history had recorded noth- 
ing else of Judge Sewall,^ I should, from this one circumstance, 
have formed a high opinion of him as a judicious and discreet per- 
son. He did, indeed, temporarily yield to the witchcraft delusion 
of 1692 ; but, at least, on the particular subject of the names of 
streets, he loas decidedly in advance, not only of his own age, but of 
our own. 

Gleaner. 

' Judge Samuel Sewall will be long remembered on account of his most interesting 
and valuable Diaiy, covering the period from A.D. 1685 to 1730, now owned by the 
Massachusetts Historical Society, and printed by it ia three volumes. — W. H. W. 



34 City Document No. 105. 



x: 

CHAMBERS' FOUR-ACRE PASTURE. 

July 21, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — We will walk a little farther into the pastures, 
or " The New Fields." Going from Bowdoin square, we left 
John Staniford, in 1718, owner of all the land to Chambers street. 
Next west of this estate came Chambers' pasture. This is traced 
back directly to the Book of Possessions, where we find, p. 144, 
'• Vallentiue Hill, of Boston, graunted unto Mr. William Davies a 
certain pai'cel of land in ye new field in Boston, being fmire acres., 
move or less, bounded on jq North with James Penn, John Biggs 
and James Penn on the West, and Robert Turner on ye East, and 
Thomas Buttolph on 3*e South ; and this was. b}- an absolute deed 
of sale, sealed and delivered before William Aspiuwall, Not. Pub., 
ye 2: C mo. IG48." 

Robert Turner was the predecessor of Staniford. Buttolph's 
Pasture was south of Cambridge street, which did not yet exist. 

Capt. William Davies died in 167G. His son and executor, Ben- 
jamin, couvej'ed to his mother, Sarah, who married Major Edward 
Palmes ; and Pahues and wife, reciting this conveyance and mar- 
riage, convey to Charles Chambers, March .0, 1G95-6 (Sutfolk, L. 
25, f. 10), ''• all that our pasture of four acres," etc., bounded W. 
on widow Mynott and on James Allen, N. on said Allen, E. on 
Manasseh Beck [a predecessor of Staniford], and S., ow tlie high- 
way leading to said 3fi/7iott'.'^ h'>use" {i.e., Cambridge street). 

Chambers laid out Chambers street, and in 1727 sold to Stani- 
ford a gore 14 feet on Cambridge street, 245 feet deep, lying E. of 
said street (Suffolk, L. 41, f. 214). After this he had left W. 
of Chambers street, a square tract of land, 320 feet wide on Cam- 
bridge street by 546 feet 4 inches deep on Chambers street ; 
bounded both N. and W. on Allen ; or, in reference to other streets 
since laid out, his pasture reached on Cambridge street to a point 
70 feet W. of N. Russell street, while on Chambers street it 
reached a point 40 feet N. of Eaton street. 

Chambers died in Middlesex, 1743, devising to four grandchildren 
aaraed Russell. James Russell, acquiring the whole, conveyed 



"Gleaner" Articles. 35 

to Thomas Russell, 1778 (Suffolk, L. 1G4, f. 281). Thomas Rus- 
sell, after selling off the northerly feet on Chambers street, con- 
veyed all the residue to Daniel Austin, Thomas K. Jones, and 
Thomas Clark, in 1794 (Suffolk, L. 178, f. 249). These grantees 
laid out F. Russell ^ street 40 feet wide, and Eaton street 36 feet 
wide, and divided the premises into 36 lots, — being a land specu- 
lation of quite venerable antiquity. In calling the street through 
this pasture Chamber street, the city has given it an absurd and 
insignificant name, in mutilations of the fair proportions of that to 
which it is really entitled. A robbery even of a single letter is 
criminal. Official restitution should immediately be made. 

Gleaner. 

' I cannot explain the F. except as a typographical error. The deed does not 
mention these new streets by any name, but Russ"ell street is recorded on a list in 
A.D. 1800. Probably the author wrote iV. {i.e., North) Russell street, as that is the 
present name, aatl as he had used it in the preceding paragraph. — W. H. W. 



36 City Document No. 105. 



XI. 

ALLEN'S TWENTY-ACRE FARM. 

July 23, 1855. 

Mr. Editor: — Resuming our walks from Bowdoin square 
into the pastures, we find that Chambers' pasture, in 1648, bounded 
north and in part also west on James Penn, the residue of the west 
line being on John Biggs ; while in the deed of 1695 to Chambers, 
Biggs has turned into " the widow Mynott," and Penn into 
''James Allen." The town granted, in 1641, to John Biggs, IJ 
acres " of marsh land on centinel hill field," extending back from 
the front (f.e., Cambridge street) to a salt creek {which is now 
missing) . Biggs devised to his wife Mary, who married a Mynot 
[Minot], and on her death, in 1676, her lands came to her father, 
John Dasset, Sen., who, in 1696, joins with his son, John Dasset, 
Jr., in conveying six acres to James Allen, clerk. (L. 17, f. 237, 
etc.) These six acres extended south of Cambridge street, besides 
including the north of the street. 

James Penn was a man of the highest consideration in his day, 
— a ruling elder of the church. It is not strictly correct to say 
that he lived " at the Albion," but his mansion house was at that 
corner of Tremont and Beacon streets. He had an 18-acre past- 
ure in the new fields as early as 1648. Perhaps it was held under 
the grant referred to the town's order of 18, 3 mo., 1646. He 
died, and, by will dated in 1671, sa3's : " I give, etc., to Mr. James 
Allen all my pasture, being eighteen acres, more or less, lying be- 
tween Major Leverett and Captain Davis, to enjoy after my wife's 
decease forever." Now, Capt. Davis was the predecessor of Cham- 
bers, and Leverett owned the large estate extending from Green 
street to the water, through which Leverett street was laid out by 
his heirs. 

By these two sources of title, the farm now in question gets 
united in Rev. James Allen. He made a deed of settlement in 
1706 (L. 23. f. 8), and in 1710 devised his lands in accordance 
therewith. By these instruments he vested in his son, John Allen, 
*' all that his tract of land or /a7*m, so called, containing by esti- 
mation 18 acres, lying in the new fields, which was devised to him 



" Gleaner" Articles. 37 

by his uncle, James Penn, deceased, and two acres of his met*. lOw 
land, part of the purchase of John Dassett, lying next adjoining to 
the aforesaid farm or lands." It is very natural that Bigos' IJ 
acres should have grown a little. This 20-acre farm of John Allen 
embraced all the lands west, and also all north of Chambers' four- 
acre pasture, at the corner of Cambridge and Chambers streets, 
being situated between Cambridge street, south, the water, west, 
and the Leverett-street estates north and north-east. Allen ex- 
tended Chambers street northerly through his lands, bending round 
westerly towards the water, being a 30-feet highway, known for 
many years as " Allen's highway, or Wiltshire street," now merged 
in the name of Chambers street.* Accordingly an elegant plan of 
the Leverett-street lands, 1728, is recorded (Suff., L. 40, f. 9) the 
west and south-west lines of whicli, in all 1,406 feet 4 inches in 
extent, from Green street to the water, bound throughout on '•'■ Mr. 
John Allen's 30-feet highway." These lines indicate the exact 
bounds of the Allen farm in that direction, so that it included 
Blossom street, Friend street. Vine street, North Grove street, 
Bridge street. McLean street, late South Allen street, Allen street, 
formerly North Allen street. Poplar street, etc., the City Jail, the 
Medical College, the Hospital Grounds, etc. Tlie whole of his 
extensive trad, except only two acres, immediately fronting on Cam- 
bridge street, being the possession of Penn. 

The entire lower part of Cambridge street was a marsh, the 
shore at this point being deeply indented. As now filled up, the 
tract will probably be thirty acres at least ; and, besides this, Mr. 
Allen owned sixteen acres south of Cambridge street. The rope- 
walks, formerly on Poplar street, and those formerly constituting 
the boundary of the estates on Pinckney street, though so wideh' 
separated, were both on part of his one continuous tract of land. 
I think it certain, therefore, that Bev. James AlUn oivned a far 
larger part of the territory of Boston than was ever owned by any indi- 
vidual, unless, perhaps, we except one William Blackstone. And he, 
though he had a grant of fifty acres, only retained and cultivated 
six. And it may be safely asserted that Mr. Allen's deed of settle- 
ment, in 1706, passed a title to more lands than any other deed re- 
corded in Suffolk County. 

Gleaner. 

* I do not include the part of Chamber street which runs into Leverett street,formerly 
known as Gravel street, and laid out through Leverett's land. — [Note by the author.] 



.^8 City Document No. 105, 



XII. 

ZACHARIAH PHILLIPS' NINE-ACRE PASTURE. 

July 24, 1855. 

Mr. Editor: — At our last walk into the pastures, we had got 
stuck at the extreme eud of the north side of Cambridge street, 
in " a parcel of marsh gi'ound. lyiug in ye Centiuel Hill field, con- 
taining \h acres," etc., granted 27, 7, 1G41, to John Biggs, 
" bounded with ye salt water toward the north-west, with a salt 
creeke toward the north." If we now go into the " salt water," 
and .s^«m to the spot forming the present south corner of Cam 
bridge and Charles streets, we shall see, south-easterly of us, at 
the distance of 250 to 300 feet, an elliptical line of shore, no- 
where reaching within 100 feet of Cambi'idge street, and having a 
bend outwards towards the south, after which it again bends 
inwards. This north-west edge or slope of the " Centinel Hill," 
or Beacon HiiL was occupied by a pasture of nine acres, the 
lines extending over the flats, northerly, towards Cambridge street, 
and also westwardly towards the channel. This is '•'' Zachariah 
PhVlips' Nine-Acre Padure" a name which sounds as familiarly in 
my ears as " Pemberton square." 

This pasture extends from Cambridge street, southerly, along the 
water side, till it meets the " Blackstone six-acre lot " at the bot- 
tom of Heacon street. Its east line begins on Cambridge street, 
at a point 110 feet west of Grove street, and then runs 
straight nearly at right angles, slightly- converging towards Grove 
street, so that on the north side of Maj- street its distance from 
Grove stieet is reduced to 6G feet. This straight line continues 
about 8;32 feet from Cambridge street, or to a point 2fi6 feet south 
of May street; then there is a jog inwards of 140 feet; then it 
again runs south about 200 feet farther, and then westerly 
to the sea. These last lines are on Blnckstone or Copley ; the 
first long line is on the IG acres of James Allen. 

The earliest deed found is that of Samuel Cole to said Phillips, 
Dec. 80, 1(558 (Suffolk, L. 3, f. 194). It has a little twist in the 
points of the compass. It conveys nine acres, more or less, 
bounded north on Brown and on said Cole [afterwards Allen], 



i 



"Gleaner" Articles. 39 

on the sea south and west, and on Nathaniel "Williams east and 
south. Williams owned Blackstone' s 6-acre lot. 

Phillips, in 1672, sells to John Leverett and Sarah, his wife 
(Suffolk, L. 8, f. 98). John Leverett died in 1678. In 1707, 
one-half of this pasture was assigned to the heirs of Hudson Lev- 
erett, who, in 1725, sold to Nathaniel Hubbard (Suffolk, L. 42, f. 
65), and he to Nathaniel ByfieM in 1726 (L. 42, f. 71). 

The other half belonged to the six daughters of Governor Lev- 
erett, and, after mesne eouveyances, five-sixths became vested in 
Byfield in 1726 by deed (L. 42, f. 69), and he married the re- 
maining daughter, which got the whole title snugly unto him, since 
she "Dame Sarah Leverett, being minded to show regard, value, 
and confidence for and in said Nathaniel," conveyed to him her 
share, etc., 1718 (L. 37, f. 605). 

This pasture was divided into 59 lots, — Southack and May 
streets being laid out through it parallel to Cambridge street, and 
Southack street (now called "West Cedar street) being also laid 
out to run southerly along the shore. Two other streets. Hill street 
and Short street, were also laid out, ivhich many a modern house 
has now unconsciously covered over. 

I will not specify their exact location lest I should disturb those 
occupants whose " ignorance is bliss." West Cedar street haa 
at a later day been continued northerly from Southack street to 
Cambridge street. This old plan was never recorded. Hon. Na- 
thaniel Byfield sold off 7 of these lots, numbered 7 to 14, to Nathan- 
iel Kenney ; and then (apparently forgetting this deed, which 
merely included a lot 300 feet wide on Southack street, and thence 
extending westerly to the low water, widening as it went), for love 
to his three grandsons, Byfield Lyde, Francis Briuley, and George 
Cradock, makes a deed of gift to them of the whole pasture in 1729 
(L. 44, f. 49). They appear to have made a verhal agreement to 
divide according to this plan, probably drawing lots from a hat 
instead of making a formal indenture ; it being " all in the fami'y." 
This process, however convenient at the time, has since caused 
much trouble to others, if not to themselves. At a later period 
most of the northerly water lots on this plan get united in Charles 
Bulfinch, and the southerly ones in Messrs. Otis, Mason, Joy, et 
aZ., or the Mt. "Vernon proprietors. 

The celebrated suits of the Overseers of the Poor against those 
proprietors were brought to recover some of the extreme southerly 
lots of this pasture. This debatable laud extended from a little 
west of Louisburg square to the water, ranging a little north of 



40 City Document No. 105. 

Pinckney street, and reaching near Mount Vernon street. One 
Tilley had mortgaged these lots to Pemberton in 1747, who fore- 
closed in 1750, and devised to the Overseers in 1782. The pur- 
chasers of the Copley estate, or Blackstoue lot, in 1795, under a 
deed vrhich ran westerly towards the water ^ found a fence standing, 
fastened to an old powder house, which was proved to have been 
as far north as within twenty feet of Pinckney street. This fence 
erroneously continued to the water, and included nearly all the de- 
manded premises as part and parcel of the Copley lot. And as to 
the residue of the land sued for, the acts of the Mount Vernon 
proprietors in digging down the whole hill to a great depth in 1804, 
and laying out Charles street across the same, were held evidence 
of a good title by disseisin against all persons from whom, after 
such a lapse of time, a grant would be presumed. These suits, 
between thirty and forty in number, with a great arra}' of eminent 
counsel, were among the most important private actions ever de- 
cided in this county, and gave quite a celebrity to " Zachariah 
PhUiips' Pasture." 

Gleaner. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 41 



XIII. 

OLD GRANTS OF NECK LANDS. 
July 25, 1855. 

Mr. Editor: — In 1708 the town of Boston conveyed to Sam- 
uel Phillips, David Jeffries, Thomas Savage, William Clark, Wil- 
liam Payne, Benjamin Pemberton, Oliver Noyes, Habijah Savage, 
Elisha Cook, Jr., Thomas Bannister, Jr., and Benjamin Fitch, a 
tract of land and flats extending across the Neck from low-water 
mark to low-water mark (Suffolk, L. 24, f. 106). This deed 
gives no measures, but the grant extends from the pasture of John 
Bennett and land of Daniel Epes, as far south towards Roxbury as 
" 24 feet beyond the new pavement.'^ Not a very permanent monu- 
ment! It was really a grant of about 1,C00 feet in length. Its 
north line is the present Castle street,® and its south line stops 
a little short of Dover street. It was on the condition that the 
grantees should finish a highway (now Washington street), and 
"secure and keep off the sea," which, as it would seem, some- 
times washed across the land fi'om eaot to west. 

Three of these grantees (Habijah Savage, Bannister, and Fitch) 
released to the others, and in their stead Stephen Minot and John 
Noyes were admitted. And in 1709 a great indenture of division 
was made into ten lots, each of them measuring at low-water mark 
on the east side 97^ feet, and at low- water mark on the west side 
94 feet 3 inches — the lines being slightly converging. The meas- 
ures on the east side of the street were 96 feet, and on the west 
side of the street 95 feet 4 inches. The indenture is recorded in 
Suffolk, Lib. 24, fol. 239. The premises thus divided, upland and 
flats, were probably/^?/ acres. This division is the source of all 
the modern titles within the extensive area which it embraces. 

It is a fact, though it will hardly be believed, that Castle street 



» It may be well to mention here that the land on the north side of Castle street and 
•west side of Washington street belonged to Daniel Epes. He bought it of William 
Paine, whose mother was Elizabeth Colbron, daughter of the first owner. Castle street 
is thus an important boundaiy, as Dea. Colbron's estate was very large, and no deed of 
dirislon is on record. See Sparhawk v. Bullard, 1 Metcalf, 95-108. — W. H. W. 



42 City Document No. 105. 

was once known as Cambridge street. Thus, in the division of 
Stephen Harris' estate (Probate Records, 1774, Lib. 74, fol. 28), 
a lot is set off, bounded east on Orange street, north on Cam- 
bridge street. 

An interval of nearly eight}' years passed without any further 
grant of Neck lands. But in 1 785 the town conveyed to Stephen 
Gore and others a tract of land and flats 1,400 feet from north to 
south, extending 200 feet west of Washington street, and embrac- 
ing all east of that street to low-water mark. (Suffolk, Lib. 149, 
fol. 126.) 

Two of the original grantees, Nathaniel Davis and Joshua 
Farrington, give place to Edward Blake and Jeremiah Williams. 
The ultimate proprietors were Robert Davis, John May, Edward 
Blake, John Parker, Joshua Witherle, Benjamin Cobb, Jr., Stephen 
Gore, Nathaniel Curtis, Ebenezer Dorr, Amasa Davis, Jeremiah 
Williams, William Boardman, William Dall, and Caleb Davis. 
This grant was on the condition of erecting certain " barriers" for 
a like purpose of excluding the tide waters, and was, pei'haps, 
nearly if not quite as extensive as the first. 

An indenture of partition was made among these proprietors in 
1778, dividing their land into 14 lots on both sides of Washington 
street, the general direction being b}' straight lines from low-water 
mai'k on the east side to the line of the town land, 200 feet west 
of the street. But, to avoid a bevel, every lot has a bend in its 
lines at about 70 feet from the street, which it thus meets at right 
angles. This bend has given a very peculiar appearance to all the 
buildings which have since been erected on this long range of lots. 
The indenture is recorded in Lib. 162, fol. 100. The area included 
in this division begins a few feet south of Dover street, and ex- 
tends a little beyond the estate of the late John D. AVilliams, 
whose well-known partialit}' for a particular color is still perpetu- 
ated in his green house and green store. A parchment plan of 
this division existed unrecorded for more than half a century', but 
is now bound in at the end of a modern volume (Lib. 491), being 
separated from the indenture to which it relates by 229 volumes. 

Beyond these lots, on the city lands, where we now find splendid 
dwellings and elegant public squares, there stood, year after year, 
on\y the gallows — that landmark of civilization — the traveller's 
guidepost at the entrance of a great metropolis ! One of its 
posts formed the boundary of "Colonel John May's lot," which 
words of ownership were accordingly painted on it. A wag added 
the words " and portion." Another anecdote is told of two friends, 



"Gleaner" Articles. 13 

riding into town across the Neck, one of whom, looking signifi- 
cantly at this structure, jocosely observed to the other, "Where 
would you be now if everybody had their deserts?" The reply 
was, " I should be riding into town alone!" It is said that when 
Marshal Prince was executing the sentence of the law on four 
pirates, an eminent counsellor, now deceased, went from motives 
of curiosity to witness the spectacle, intending to preserve a strict 
incognito. The marshal, however, happened to discover him in 
the background, and utterly disconcerted him by calling out to 
the crowd, with a loud voice, " Make way, there ! make way for the 
Honorable Mr. O. ! " Mr. 0., though " born great," and though 
he had also himself " achieved greatness," doubtless felt that on 
this occasion he had "greatness thrust upon him." 

Gleaner. 



44 City Document No. 105. 



XIV. 

COPP'S HILL. ' 
July 27, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — One of the most ancient burying-grounds in 
Boston is that atCopp's Hill. It is made up of several parcels of 
land. The north-easterly part, measuring 294 feet on Charter 
street and 154 feet on Suowhill street, was sold to the town by deed 
of John Baiier and Daniel Turell, dated Februars' 20, lGo9, re- 
corded November 1, 1736, Lib. 53, fol. 154. After Hull street 
was laid out by Sewall and wife, tliey conveyed to Joshua Gee in 
1708 (L. 25, fol. 174) " one rodd square in which Mrs. Margaret 
Thatcher now lyeth buried," bounded north by the buryiug-place, 
and on all other sides by their pasture, with no right of way ex- 
cept through the old burying-place. They, in 1711, "for the 
purpose of enlarging the burying-place," conveyed to the Select- 
men of Boston (Suffolk, L. 2G, fol. 97) a tract of land measuring 
170 feet on Suowhill street and 180 feet on Hull street; in other 
word;?, extending the old south-easterly line of the burying-place 
straight through from Charter to Hull street. In this deed was an 
exception of the " rodd square sold to Gee." The consequence is, 
that in the midst of this burying-place of the town there is a small 
square lot, which is private property, the place of interment of 
a wealthy lady, who, while living, owned a large estate in this 
vicinity. 

The burying-ground has since been further widened on Hull 
street so as to include lots measuring 148 feet 10 on that street, 
originally sold by Sewall and wife to John Clark, Jr., in 172G ; 
Wm. Lee, John Jackson, and Thomas Jackson, in 1816. But mat 
ters so modern cease to be interesting ! 

A word or two about Mr. Gee and Mrs. Thatcher. Joshua Gee, 
boat-builder, owned a very large tract of laud and flats between 
Charter street on the north, Prince street south, Suowhill street 
east, and extending down the hill to the sea. He died in 1724. 
and his son Ebenezer dying in 1 730, the estate came wholly to 
Kev. Joshua Gee, who died in 1748, and the division of his estate 
in 1750 between his seven daughters and his son Joshua is one of 



"Gleaner" Articles. 45 

the most important documents in the Probate OfSce. The Gas 
Company's works, Brown's wharf, etc., are held under it. This 
son died without issue, and the name of " Gee" thus became ex- 
tinct among us. In the suit of Rust vs. The Boston Mill Corpora- 
tion the locations of Mr. Gee's lands became important — and the 
growth of some of the boundaries and contents was amusingly 
commented upon by the late H. G. Otis (who on this occasion 
was, I believe, counsel in court for the last time) , as being a cir- 
cumstance which might naturally have been anticipated, as "Gee," 
in Greek, means the earth, i.e., land. 

Mrs. Margaret Thatcher was the wife of Rev. Thomas Thatcher. 
Her first husband was Jacob Sheafe, a man of note, who died in 
1658. We find that a deed was made to Thatcher and wife by 
John Everedd, alias Webb,'" in consideration of £195 paid by her 
as administratrix of her former husband. It is dated July 5, 1666, 
recorded Suff., L, 5. f. 510. This deed included all the land be- 
tween Salem, Hull, Snowhill, and Prince streets, except certain 
lots on Prince street, which had been fenced in previously. Mrs. 
Thatcher died, leaving a daughter, Mehitable, wife of Sampson 
Sheaf e., and Elizabeth, wife of Jonathan Corwin. Sheale and wife 
sold to Robert Gibbs in 1697. On a division between the families 
of Gibbs and Corwin, two streets were laid out, commemorating 
the family name of Sheafe, the first husband, and Margaret., the 
Christian name of the ladj' herself. 

In regard to the right of way out of the "one rod square," it 
would seem that as to the occupant., at least, a right of egress is not 
so important from a place of interment as from a place of residence. 
And yet it appears that, after all, the venerable old lady, Mrs. 
Thatcher, must have walked^^ out of this lot, since I find among 
the inscriptions in the King's Chapel Buryiug-ground the follow- 
ing : — " Here hjeth interred the body of Mrs. Margaret Thatcher, 
formerly wife of Mr. J**ob Sheafe, and late ye wife of the Rever- 
end Mr. Thomas Thatcher, aetatis QS, obit 23d February, 1693." 
Who can tell, however? "To lie like a tombstone" is a proverb ; 
and the tombstones in that burying-ground have been shuffled 
about so much that on a question of locality of interment their 
authority is especially apocryphal. 

Gleaner. 

*' This is one of the rare cases of an hereditary alias. The two names are often 
nsed thus linked together, on our early records of the first generation. — W. II. W. 

"The author was mistaken about this supposed removal, as appears by Lis sub-se- 
yuent article, no. xxxiii. — W. H. W. 



46 City Doclmext No. 105. 



XV. 

OLD BAKERS. 

July 30, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — One of the earliest trades of civilized man is 
that of a baker. How soon it may have been divided into listinet 
branches among us I cannot state. But a centui-y ago there is re- 
corded a deed from a ^'' gingerbread baker." Presiding over his 
comparatively ^MXitr/o^s department, he probabl}' looked down with 
contempt on his humbler brethren who merely provided the plain 
" staff of life." It is certain that old times were golden times foi 
the bakers, and, doubtless, also for their customers, for there were 
no villanous adulterations in those days. At the time of the siege 
of Boston, Ebenezer Torre}', a baUer, removed to Sudbury or its 
vicinity, and died leaving an estate of over S100,000. After the 
Revolution (say seventy years ago), six of the wealthiest and most 
respectable citizens of Boston were bakers. 

Three resided at the North End, — Edward Edes, John White, 
and " Deacon " Tudor ; three at the South Eud, — Samuel Smith, 
John Lucas, and Edward Tuckerman. Mr. Edes has. I believe, 
left no male descendants living in Boston. The late Professor 
Webster was a grandson and namesake of Mr. White. Deacon 
Tudor owned a very valuable wharf estate ou Ann street, near 
Lewis street. This family still hold the highest social position in 
our community. The chief legatee of Mr. Smith married Joseph 
Head, Jr., Esq., and they removed from this city several years 
since. John Lucas left at his decease a very large estate, and 
made many public and private bequests. He owned a tract of land 
on Washington street, adjoining Lucas place. Mr. Tuckerman 
left several sons, who were distinguished merchants. His estate, 
as divided in 1819, included very valuable parcels in State street, 
etc., and especially an extensive tract of land on the west side 
of Washington street, embracing all Dover street. The late Col. 
Joseph May remembered when these bakers were in the liabit of 
going ou horseback to Philadelphia, with specie in their valises, 
behind them, to make their purchases of flour, which were sent 
home by packets. This journey generally occupied from two to 



"Gleaner" Articles. 47 

three weiJa^, and they had notes up in church aslinj for Dioine pro- 
tection from its 2>erils. 

Shade of Molly Saunders, I invoke thee ! There have doubtless 
been fairer faces and more graceful forms than thine, but th}' gin- 
gerbread was matchless. Thou hast infused new vigor into the 
elastic step of the youthful dancer. The statesman, wearied with 
the cares of office, and the politician, burdened with the affairs of 
the Commonwealth, have found relief and solace from thy minis- 
trations. I have shaken hands with President Monroe, and even 
with President Pierce, but what were those glorious moments com- 
pared with one cake of thy "buttered gingerbread — price three 
cents ! " Thy praises have been on the lips of beauty, of youth, 
manhood, and age, fifty, aye, seventy years ago, as they are now 
upon mine. Thy name and fame have become " historical," and have 
reached from the village of Salem to the metropolis of New Eng- 
land. Such is the fitting reward of true genius and a life devoted 
to the sacred cause of humanity ! Milner's rusks were excellent, 
and Kdt, when he tries, can do a thing or two ; but thou hast ever 
been unapproachable ! Vainly do my aged heart and palate now 
yearn for thee and thy delicious handiwork ! Yet wilt thou forever 
remain associated with the most tender and cherished recollections 
of mj- childhood ! Verily thou wast a queen among the bakers of 
olden time ! Gleaner. 

P. S. — Don't you think, Mr. Editor, that the Salem papers will 
republish this obituary notice of the late Miss Saunders f 



48 City Document No. 105. 



XVI. 

OLD ROPEWALKS. 
July 31, IS 5 5. 

Mb. Editor : — I fear that my subject will olvlige me to " spin a 
(ong 3'arn." The first rope-maker in Boston was John Harrison, 
A.D. 1G42. His exact whereabouts is not specifie<l by Drake, 
but can be very definitel}' fixed. His ropewalk, or " rt)pefielil," 
ten feet ten inches wide, is now covered by Purchase street, begin- 
ning at the foot of Summer street. Thus the range of lot on 
Higii street used to extend to the water, separated, however, into 
two parts by "Harrison's ropewalk " or " ropefield," or more 
recently by Purchase street. [See Suffolk, Lib. 5, fol. 99 ; Lib. 
12, fol. 250.] In 1736 it became the property of the town, and was 
appropriated as a highway. 

Harrison owned a large tract of land of at least 340 feet in ex- 
tent on High street, measuring westerly from Atkinson street, and 
including all Prentice's wharf, and part of Pnssia wharf, the prin- 
cipal part of which land was divided among his children in 1085. 
Purchase, street is thus rightly named, as it was in part, at least, 
purchased. Drake's History mentions that Harrison, in 1GG3, 
appealed to the Selectmen not to license a rival rope-maker, John 
Heyman, and remarks that " at the last accounts it was in the 
hands of the Selectmen." 

This notice of the first rope-maker in Boston brings back to my 
affectionate remembrance the last one, recently deceased. Asso- 
ciated for several years with the late Isaac P. Davis, as a trustee 
of one of our literar}^ institutions, I ever found him to be a man 
of cultivated intellect, courteous maimers, and the most genial 
kindness of heart. Habitually possessing almost unequalled 
knowledge of passing events, and great vivacity in narrating and 
commenting on them, he was a universal favorite in society. AVith 
him the " rope-maker" was merged in the " gentleman." During 
the two centuries since our city was founded, that occupation has 
certainly never had a more popular living representative, nor one 
whose death — though at quite an advanced age — has been more 
generally and sincerelj- regretted. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 49 

The estates on the west side of Pearl street, about 130 feet 
deep, are made up of seven ropewalks, or strips of land. Of these 
the two inner ones are held under Atkinson, and the others under 
Hutchinson. Thus, the most west one, 20 feet by 744 feet, was 
conveyed by Theodore Atkinson and others to Edward Gray in 
1712 (L. 26, f. 127), and became the property of John and Rich- 
ard Codman, 1793. The next lot, 20 feet by about 740 feet, was 
sold by the same grantors in 1712 to William Tillcy (L. 20, f. 
126), and became vested in Mr. Davis in 1794. All the remain- 
ing lots are part of the 4| acres owned in 1668 by Eliakim Hutch- 
inson. The Commonwealth, having confiscated the estates of 
Governor Hutchinson, conveyed part to Jeffry Richardson in 1793 
(L. 176, f. 8) ; part to Samuel Emmons, Jr., and Victor Blair, 
1782 (L. 174, f. 183) ; part to Rev. Samuel Parker, D.D , 1793 
(L. 184, f. 145) ; part to Edward C. Howe, 1782 (L. 13a, f. 22), 
and the residue to William and Archibald McNiell, 1782 (L. 134, 
f. 27). 

The old name of Pearl street was Hutchinson street, which was 
rendered odious to our rebel ancestors by Governor Hutchinson. 
These ropewalks were burnt July, 1794, and the titles were all 
conveyed to Rev. Samuel Parker in 179G, under deeds from whom 
the present estates are held. Two acres, occupying all the west 
side of Pearl street, seems to be a snug little investment for a 
clergyman ; but, unfortunately, he officiated in this matter not as a 
proprietor, but as a mere channel of conveyance, a " cat's-paw " for 
effecting a division of the estates. 

Drake mentions the burning of seven ropewalks at one time, 
which he says were " in the vicinity of Atkinson street." He 
might have mentioned more definitely that they occupied the whole 
west side of Pearl street from Milk to High street. If they did 
not bound on Atkinson street, however, they burnt it. 

Gleaner. 



50 City DocuiiENT No. 105. 



XVII. 

OLD ROPEWALKS. 
August Ij 1855. 

The plan recorded in 1726 (L. 40, f. 9), with the division of the 
11 acres of land of the Leverett heirs, by Leverett street, shows a 
ropewalk then existing there, which must have ranged across the 
land afterwards known as the Poorhouse, or Almshouse, estate 
at the point. It was held under a lease, and has not, therefore, 
left a durable trace among the conveyances on record. And yet 
it is probable that it is from the visible fact that one Barton '" was 
making ropes there, that that whole point of land acquired and 
kept for a century the name of Barton's point. This name appears 
on Bonner's plan in 1722 ; and the Barton Point Association pur- 
chased all the city lands at the bottom of Leverett street in 1824. 
A similar instance is found in the old name of East Boston, which 
was Noddle's Idand, though never owned by any " Noddle." 

That island was owned by Samuel Maverick, whose feastings, 
failings, and fines have been so amusingly shown up by L. M. 
Sargent, Esq. His name is piously commemorated by the ^'■Mav- 
erick Church." 

Rev. James Allen, as we have previously stated, owned a large 
pasture south of Cambridge street. It was bought before 1700 in 

'- It seems a little strange that Mr. Bowditch, who says so much about ropewalks, 
has neglected to say more about Barton. The first record of the name here is that of 
Mr. Barton, of the fourth division of the Tax-list of 1674, which in 1681 becomes 
James Barton. In 1C87 Hugh Barton is named, and again in 1691 and 1695. 

James Barton, ropemaker, had a wife Margaret, and a son John, born here in 1686. 
In that year he mortgaged (Suff. Deeds, Lib. 14, f. 8) his ropewalk at the South End, 
bounded cast to that of John Harrison, deceased, west by the street leading to Fort 
niU. Later on his deeds mention his house and wharf on the east side of Anne street, 
near the drawbridge. lie died in 1729, aged eighty-six. Long afterwards, June 27, 
1755, commissioners were appointed (Suff. Wills, Lib. 50, f. 490) to divide this property 
between his two daughters, Margery Simpkins and Kuth Cook, and four grandsons, 
James, John, Samuel and Michael Barton, at the request of John Cook and his wife 
Ruth, Mrs. Margaret Simpkins, Mr. James Barton, Mrs. Catherine Barton, and Mary 
Bradford, called children and grandchildren of James B., of Watertowa. 

It seems that three of the four grandsons were then dead, only James surviving. 
Savage says that Margaret, daughter of the first James, married Robert Calef. — 

w. n. w. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 51 

several lots, containing in all 18 acres. By his deed of settlement, 
1706, and his will in 1711 pursuant thereto, the sontherl}' 7 acres 
became vested in his daughter Mary, wife of John Wheelwright. 
Both died, — the husband in 1760. He undertakes to give to his 
son Jeremiah the piece of land " which came to me by his mother." 
The son, however, really took as heir to the mother. 

Jeremiah Wheelwright sold off to Enoch Brown 1| acres (Suff., 
L. 132, f. 120) which subsequently became vested in the Mt. 
Vernon proprietors, and included lands on Pinckney st.), etc. 
He, in 1783, conveyed to Jonathan L. and Benjamin Austin a 
ropewalk lot, 24 feet by 900 feet (L. 170, f. 42). Jeremiah Wheel- 
wright died in 1784, and his devisees conveyed to Joseph Carnes 
another adjoining ropewalk, 20 feet by 900 feet (L. 189, f. 61) , and 
to George and Peter Cade a third adjoining ropewalk in 1792. 
(L. 173, f. 20.) This also was 900 feet long, and it was 24 feet 
wide for 540 feet, and 12 feet wide from the residue. 

These three ropewalks of Austin, Carnes, and Cade, were all 
bought in 1805 by Messrs. Asa or Samuel Hammond, Samuel 
Swett, and Ebenezer Farley, who laid out the same into house- 
lots fronting north on Myrtle street, and extending back to the 
rear of the Pinckney-street lots, all of which bound north on Cade's 
ropewalk for the whole extent of 900 feet. 

Mr. James Allen had a farm of twenty acres north of Cambridge 
street and embracing Poplar street. On the south side of this 
latter street a range of three ropewalks was placed, fronting on 
Chambers street. Thus, in Suffolk, L. 43, f. 159, is a plan of all 
the Allen-street lots, 1729, the north line being on Johi Allen's land 
or ropewalk. Thus, one 25 feet wide was conveyed by Allen to his 
son Jeremiah, 1752, who, in 1757, conveyed to John Erving; sub- 
sequently "Tyler & Caswell's" ropewalk. The middle one, 25 
feet wide, is traced through Wells, Winthrop, to Joseph Head, 
1805. The north one is traced through Gardner, 1737, to Joseph 
Runnell, 1785. The two south ropewalks were each 25 feet wide ; 
the north one, 30 feet wide. 

All these ropewalks becoming the property of Samuel Brown 
and William Paque, were, in 1807, laid out into a range of house- 
lots, occupying the whole south side of Poplar street from Cham- 
bers street to the sea. 

It is remarkable how extensively the initial letter P figures in 
regard to the location of these old ropewalks. Purchase street, 
Pearl street, Pinckney street. Poplar street, and the Point on 
which the Poorhouse was built ; and I certainly consider that the 



52 Cin' Document No. 105. 

most provoking, perplexing, and protracted professional job which 
I ever had to undertake in my profession was that in which I 
found that, in order to get at the title of one house-lot, I was 
obliged to investigate from three to seven ropewaJks. At this day 
such an examination would be preposterous, because of no practi- 
cal importance. 

After the Pearl-street ropewalks were burnt, the town sold off a 
range of ropewalks at the bottom of the Common, which were the 
last that remained standing within the limits of the city proper. 
They were west of Charles street, fronting towards the Providence- 
dejjot lot, and their rear line being towards the Mill-dam. Restric- 
tions were imposed which secured to the public, light, air, and 
prospect over these low buildings. In the mayoralty of President 
Quincy they were all repurchased by the city, it being a favorite 
project of his to improve the premises in that vicinity by buildings. 
Generally succeeding in all his enterprises, this repurchase has 
been one of the most successful of his municipal undertakings, in 
consequence of the total failure of the specific project which alone 
led him to extinguish these ropewalk titles, since the city has thus 
gained the exclusive control of its beautiful Public Garden. This 
pleasure-ground we owe equally to his having done what he did, and 
to his having been prevented from doing what he intended. The 
first was an arduous enterprise, which only his energy could have 
accomplished The last was rendered almost an impossibility by 
that very energy honestly exerted in a wrong direction. '^ 

Gleaner. 

" The matter of the propriety of building on the Public Garden was long contested. 
The land was originally a strip of flats, in which rose Fox Hill as an island. 

August 12, 179i, in a town-meeting, the question was considered of allowing the 
owners of the ropewalks destroyed by a fire on Pearl street to rebuild on the marsh. 

In September the report of a committee was accepted, granting these ropcmakera 
the marsh and flats, including the whole or such part of Fox Hill as fell within the 
bounds. 

This grant, which was made in consideration of not building on Pearl street, was for 
a strip of land 300 feet wide and in length, extending from a line drawn parallel with 
Beacon street, and 500 feet from that street. The upper or eastern line was to run from 
the westerly end of llidgc Hill (being 500 feet from Beacon street), " directly towards 
Eliot street as far as the town's land extends on the west side of Pleasant street," leav- 
ing a " space of fifty feet between this line and the end of the rail fence projecting down 
from the buiying-ground on the south side of the Common." The grantees might vary 
the lines by relinquishing fifty feet on the east line and taking fifty feet instead on tho 
west side; or they might extend across the marsh diagonally, provided they did not 
come nearer than fifty feet to the end of the burying-gi'ound fence, nor cross the line 
pai*allel with, and 500 feet from, Beacon street. 

The town reseiwed " sixty feet in width across the southerly end of said piece of 
land for a road from Pleasant street down to the channel." 



" Gleaner " Articles. 53 

The selectmen " were also authorized to lay out a road sixty feet wide froi.i Pleasant 
street along the easterly side of these lands over the marsh towai'ds Beacon street," in 
order to meet a road that might be opened from West Boston bridge. 

Thus Charles street was established, and Boylston-street continuation was projected. 

The ropewalk lots were six in number, each fifty feet wide, and when brought back, 
in 1824, the first three lots measured 1,006 feet on Charles street, 1,138 feet on the west 
side. Lots 4, 5, and 6, measm-ed 1,138 feet each. 

In 1806 the ropewalks were burned and rebuilt. In 1824 the city bought back all 
these rights. On the 26th July and 27th December of that year the town voted on the 
following questions : — 

1. Od authorizing the City Council to sell the upland and flats west of Charles street. 
Rejected, 1,027 to 846. 

2. In case the sale was authorized, whether the Common should be forever kept 
open. Agreed to, 1,111 for, and 737 against. 

3. Whether a settlement should be made with the Boston and Roxbury Mill Co. 
Rejected, 1,404 to 420. 

4. Whether the uplands and flats should be sold south of aline from a pointon Charles 
street, opposite the south-west corner of the Common (1,350 feet from Beacon street), 
running at an angle of 85° with Charles street, to the bounds of the city flats ; provided, 
that the Common, and all the upland and flats lying west therefrom, should be kept for- 
ever free from buildings. This was rejected, 1,404 to 420. 

5. Whether the City Council should be authorized to lay out any part of the lands 
and flats, lying west from the Common, for a cemeteiy. Rejected, 1,632 to 176. 

In 1843 the question of selling the land was revived, and a pamphlet was printed 
giving the opinions of Jeremiah Mason and Franklin Dexter, to the efifect that the 
ropewalk lots wei'e part of the Common, and as such could not be sold. Mr. Bowditch 
signed a similar opinion about the land north of the Providence depot. See, also, a 
pamphlet entitled " The Public Rights in Boston Commoa. Being the Report of a 
Committee of Citizens. Boston, 1877." — W. H. W. 



.')4 City Document No. 105. 



XVIII. 

JAMES ALLEN'S SIXTEEN-ACRE PASTURE. 

August 2, 1855. 

Mr. Editor: — After our late swim we landed on Zacliariah 
Phillip's' pasture, at the end of the south side of Cambridge street, 
and hj>ve seen that the earliest deed in 1G58 bounds on Brown and 
ou Sanuel Cole, afterwards land of James Allen. Accordingly 
we find that James Brown, joyuer, conveyed to Josiah Cobham in 
16G6 (Sdff., L. 5, f. 84) two acres, more or less, bounded south on 
Brattle, east on John Biggs, west on Phillips, north on the beach 
or river. [The water then extended up some distance east of the 
present end of Cambridge street.] 

Josiah, the son of this grantee, was dead in 1G91 ; and Josiah, 
3d, his grandson, in 1697, sells to James Allen (Suff , L. 18, f. 21) 
"two acres of land on west side of Boston, late in the tenure of ray 
grandfather, Josiah Cobham, bounded south on land now or late 
of Thomas Brattle, Sen'r, east on John Biggs, now said Allen's, 
west on late Zachariah Phillips, and by the beach and river north- 
erly." [Cambridge street did not yet exist.] 

In tracing the title of the Allen farm on the north side of Cam- 
bridge street, we found a grant to John Biggs, in 1641, of 1| acres 
of vaax&\i for AO shillings {rather a loiv price for all the land from 
the water to within 70 feet of North Eussell street), which held out 
two acres. He also acquired 4 acres of upland adjoyning, and his 
inventor}^, in 1666, mentions " 4 acres of upland and 1|- acres of 
marsh, £120." I do not find the grant to him of these four acres, 
though in 1644 he had liberty to fence in his marsh, and " if any 
quantity fell within the said fence above his proportion, he is to 
allow the town for it." Perhaps, therefore, he fenced in these 4 
acres at the same price. He devised to his widow, Mary, who 
married a Minot, and died, as we have seen, devising to her 
father and brother, John Dasset, Sen. and Jr., who sell to said 
Allen, 1696 (Suff., L. 17, f. 237), a piece of land containing 6 
acres, more or less, bounded with said James, north (i.e , his 
land on the north side of Cambridge street, acquired under James 



"Gleaner" Articles. 55 

Penn) , south and east on Nathaniel Oliver, west on Josiah Cob- 
ham. Of this purchase 4 acres only come south of Oambridge 
street. 

Samuel Cole, after the sale in 1658 of Zachariah Phillips' past- 
ure, retained a tract which he seems to have sold to Thomas 
Brattle ; but the deed is not recorded. In the inventory of Cole's 
estate (Prob. Rec, L. 5, f. 37) is this item : " A bill due from Mr. 
Brattle, £20." This I guess yvsis the purchase-money of this land. 
Brattle died in 1683, leaving seven children, and in 1684 (Suff., 
L. 13, f. 96) there was set off to his three sons-in-law, Nathaniel 
Oliver, John Ayre,'* and Joseph Parson, in right of their wives, 
"all that pasture-land lying in Boston near unto Gentry hill." A 
subdivision took place in 1685, by indenture (Suff., L. 13, f. 380 ; L. 
16, f. 64), by which this pasture is assigned to Mrs. Oliver. Na- 
thaniel Oliver and Elizabeth, his wife, conve^^ed to James Allen, by 
warranty deed dated June 6, 1698 (Suff., L. 18, f. 180), ''eight 
acres, etc., bounded north on the highway and on land late of John 
Dassett ; east on Davy and on Mrs. Swett, late Thomas Kutolph ; 
south on the late Francis East and N. Williams ; west on laud late 
of Leverett, and on laud late of said Dassett." [East and Wil- 
liams owned the Copley lot on Beacon street ; Leverett owned 
Phillips' pasture.] 

Zacheus Bosworth^^ had lands in the Book of Possessions. As 
early as 1648 he owned 5 acres in the vicinity (see mortgage, 
Suff., L. 1, f. 92), and he died seized, devising the same to his son 
Samuel, in 1655. He sold off to Richard Cook the easterly 2^ 
acres, 1665 (Suff., L. 4. f. 320) ; and bj- deed not recorded, but ex- 
pressly referred to, he conveyed the westerly 2^ acres to Humphrey 
Davie^" (not the distinguished philosopher). Davie raoi'tgaged, in 
1683 (Suff., L. 13, f. 72), tosecurea marriage settlement on his wife, 

" This name is more properly spelled Eyre, and should not be confounded with 
that of Ayer or of Ayres, both of which are found on our records. — W. H. ,W. 

'^ Our Humphrey Davie was, however, of some local importance. He was the 
fourth son of Sir John Davie of Greedy, Co. Devon, who was made a baronet in 1641. 
Humphrey came here, settled in Billerica, was an Assistant 1G79-1686, and died in 
1689. His second wife was Sarah, widow of James Richards, of Hartford. By his lirst 
wife he had a son John, who married his step-sister, Elizabeth Richards, and lived at 
Groton, Conn., until 1703, when, by the death of successive cousins, he became the fifth 
baronet, and returned to Eug'land to enjoy the family title and estates. 

Zaccheus Bosworth, who is named in this article, also owned, by the Book of Pos- 
sessions, a lot of land on Tremont street, whereon afterwards Jacob Wendell built a 
house. Quite recentl,y, owing to a law in regard to the names of streets, the Street 
Commissioners have given the name of Bosworth street to Montgomery place. This 
court, for its end is blocked by a flight of stone steps leading to Province sti'eet, wa.« 
laid out in 1825, and must be on part of the Bosworth land. — W. II. W. 



56 City Document No. 105. 

this 'tract called 4 acres, more or less (but which subsequently 
shrinks again to its true proportions), and the mortgage being fore- 
closed, his widow conveyed to John Davie ; and John Davie and 
Elizabeth, his wife, conveyed to James Allen, b}' warranty deed, 
May 11, 1699 (Suff., L. 19, f. 358), '''about two andan half acres 
of pasture, enclosed, bounded west on the late Samuel Coole (Cole), 
now said Allen's ; east on Richard Cook, since Elisha Cook ; north 
on land in the tenure and occupation of Joseph Belknap, Jr., and 
on land of said James, heretofoi*e Thomas Butolph ; south on 
Thomas Miller, now Samuel Sewall, with an highway as heretofore 
used." 

Now, these purchases of 2, 4, 8, and 2^ acres, make up together 
sixteen and a half acres, and constitute Allen's one continuous past- 
ure, on the south side of Cambridge street, next east of Zachariah 
Phillips* pasture. 

Gleaiteb. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 57 



XIX. 

JEREMIAH ALLEN'S PASTURE. 
August 6, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — We have shown that Rev. James Allen acquired, 
by four purchases, 16| acres on the south side of Cambridge street. 
By his deed of settlement in 1706, and his devise in accordance 
with it (1711), he vested in his daughter, Mrs. Wheelwright (as 
we have stated), the southerly seven acres; the whole of which 
(except the part thereof covered by three ropewalks on Myrtle 
street) gets united in the Mount Vernon proprietors ; the easterly 
portion by the deed of the children of Enoch Brown, in 1797, 
(Suffolk, L. 186, f. 232), and the residue or westerly portion \>y 
direct deed of the devisees of Jeremiah Wheelwright, son and heir 
of Mrs. Wheelwright, in 1795 (L. 180, f. 191). The easterly line 
of the Brown purchase is 77 feet west of Belknap street. 

The northerly tract, containing about ten acres, by the same deed 
of settlement and devise (1706-1711), was vested by James 
Allen in his son, Jeremiah Allen. He, about 1725, laid out the 
same into 87 lots, containing, generally, 4,000 feet each. Through 
the centre of the pasture he opened Centre street, and, at intervals 
of 200 feet on each side, other streets, called respectively Grove street 
and Garden street, — names doubtless then significant of the rural 
beauty of the spot. He also laid out at intervals of 240 feet, two 
cross streets, parallel to Cambridge street, viz., Southack street and 
May street. These two last streets are continued west into Zacha- 
riah Phillips' pasture, which was divided into lots at the same 
time ; the two plans being evidently made to conform to eact 
other. Neither of them was recorded. A large proportion of 
the lots of Mr. Allen remained unoccupied and unimproved by his 
grantees for very many years. 

This pasture begins on Cambridge street, 110 feet <vest of Grove 
street, and extends to land late of Buttolph (now Buttolph street). 
It measures in front 550 feet on Cambridge street, and is in depth 
648 feet, to the ancient ropewalk, the side lines slightlj^ converg- 
ing. At a later day Myrtle street has been extended across the 
extreme south lots of this pasture ; so that it is now enclosed by 



58 City Document No, 105. 

four very definite boundaries, viz., Cambridge street, Buttolph 
street, Myrtle street, and the east line of Zachariah Phillips' 
pasture. 

This territory has been the theatre of very queer conveyancing. 
One Thomas G. Urann, in 1804, made warranty deeds at pleasure, 
for very trifling cousideratious, of certain portions of it which he 
found lying unenclosed and unclaimed. Some of his grantees hold 
to this day. He was at last deterred by threats of indictment from 
the further pursuit of this SN'stematic project of land theft. In 
one single volume of Suffolk Deeds (Lib. 211) will be found no 
less than forty-eight conveyances /rom him. A deed to him would 
be a rarity. I was some years since amused at one of his heirs-at- 
law calling upon me, under the idea that he was entitled to some 
lands in this locality which his ancestors had left unconveyed. I 
told him that the only inheritance left by Mr. Urann was a minus 
quantity, viz., the obligation to viake restitution to the true oioners 
of lands which he had himself wrongfully appropriated. 

About a century after the death of Rev. James Allen (1802), 
and although he did not die owner of this pasture, having disposed 
of it by deed in his lifetime, a decree of the Probate Court was 
obtained, as if he had been owner at his death, and as if his estate 
had been still in a course of settlement. By this decree an assign- 
ment was made of " his estate in Cambridge and Buttolph streets, 
valued at two hundred dollars," to one of his descendants, James 
Allen, he pa^-ing to the other heirs their proportion, and by him 
a conveyance of the fictitious title thus commenced was forthwith 
made for $500. This legal finesse effected for many lots of this 
pasture what had been accomplished as to other lots in a more 
manly, may I not say a more honorable, mode, by Mr. Urann. 

The late Mr. Otis possessed a lot, 70 by 100 feet, at the corner 
of May and Centre streets. He obtained a deed from the true 
owner of the corner lot, 40 by 100 feet, which bounded east on a 
lot belonging to the late Henderson Inches. Now, Mr. Inches, 
who bought in 1766, had accidentally mislocated his land 30 feet 
too far to the east, and his heirs, finding that they had all the deed 
gave to their ancestor, told Mr. Otis that if they ever lost the 30 
feet which bad been accidentally enclosed, they should take this 30 
feet adjoining his lot, but otherwise not. Mr. Otis accordingly kept 
it as his own, and sold four house-lots, each 25 b}' 70 feet, .so that 
all the yards and out-buildings were upon this disputed territory. 
After many years the Inches' heirs were sued, and lost their 30 
feet. They then sued Mr. Otis' grantees, who were placed in a 



"Gleaner" Articles. 59 

very embarrassing situation, being certain of losing all the needful 
appendages to their tenements. The suits were decided in favor 
of the demandants, and Mr. Otis, paying the sum awarded by ref- 
erees mutually chosen, the titles of his grantees were confirmed 
A.D. 1833. 

The moral and legal character of this district was for a long 
time equally bad. The Hill was the Jive points of Boston. It was, 
however, purged by the official broom of President Quincy, and its 
titles and its reputation have become much improved by time. 

Glean EB. 



60 CiTT Document No. 105. 



XX. 

BUTTOLPH'S EIGHT- ACRE PASTURE. 
August 8, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — Leaving Mr. Jeremiah Allen's pasture, with its 
ancient " gardens " and " groves " sadly desecrated by civilization, 
we proceed easterly, and reach Thomas Buttolph's 8-j-acre pasture. 
In the Book of Possessions, p. 57, " William Hudson, Sen., a lot 
in ye new field, containing about /?/ve acres, bounded with Richard 
Cooke on the east, Mr. Thomas Clarke west, sould to Mr. But- 
tolph, p. 42." And, accordingly, in p. 42, we find " Wm. Hudson, 
Sen., granted to Thomas Buttolph fyve acres of land in the new 
field, bounded with Richard Cooke east, James Johnson west, Wm. 
Wilson south, — Davis apothecary, north, and this was by a deed 
dated 26,4, 1646, acknowledged same day before Mr. Winthrop, 
Governor." James Johnson's possession is described as " about 
an acre, bounded with John Biggs (our old friend) north, Francis 
Lloyle'^ west, Zach. Bosworth south, Thomas Clarke east." John- 
son seems to have acquired also Lloyle's and Clarke's lots. Thus 
we find that James Johnson conveyed to Thomas Buttolph by deed 
dated 14th, 6th, 1649, recorded 29th, 1 mo., 1654 (Snff., L. 2,f. 11), 
3| acres in Ceutry field, bounded on land of said Thomas east, on 
William Davis north, on Theodore Atkinson west, and Zacheus 
Bosworth south. TJiese two purchases vested in Buttolph the 8^ 
acres. Davies owned the Chambers pasture on north side of Cam- 
bridge street. 

Buttolph died in 1667, devising to two sons, John and Thomas. 
The latter died intestate, 1668, leaving a widow, Mary (who mar- 
ried Swett), and four children, Thomas, Nicholas, Mary, and 
Abigail. In 1682 John conveyed to these children his moiety 
(Suff., L. 12, f. 274). 

Thomas died. Abigail married Joseph Belknap, Jr. Mary 

" The Book of Possessions has been printed for the city in the second volume of 
these Reports. James Johnson's possessions. are on p. 20 of the original. The name 
which Mr. Bowditch reads as Francis Lloyle is by me deciphered as Fi-ancis Loyall. 
In the record of his possessions he stands as Francis Lvle ; and Savage records him 
as Lyall, Lysle, I>isle, Lioll, or Loyal. — W. H. W. 



" Gleaner " Articles. 61 

married one Thaxter, and, after his death, Robert Guttridge. In 
1 701 these heirs divided the whole pasture (Suff. ,L. 23. , f . 1 19), each 
having a lot of 2f acres ; the westerly part being assigned to 
Nicholas, the middle to Mrs. Belknap, and the easterly part to 
Mrs. Thaxter, or Guttridge. This pasture extended from Buttolph 
street to Hancock street, being about 430 feet in average width, 
and in depth back it measured about 625 feet to Myrtle street. In 
1734, by indenture between the Belknap heirs and Mrs. Guttridge, 
Belknap street was hiid out (Suff., L. 49, f . 98) . On the west side of 
Mrs. Belknap's lot was a ropewalk, 24 feet wide, which Nathaniel 
Belknap sold to Thomas Jenner in 1 733 (L. 48, f. 179) ; sold in 1771 
to Edward Carnes. It is a straggling ropewalk, which should have 
shown itself in m}' article on "OldRopewalks." South Russell street 
was laid out in 1737 (L. 54, f. 203) , through the middle of Nicholas's 
lot, by his heirs, Mary, wife of John Phillips, and Abigail, wife of 
Knight Leverett, or rather by their husbands. It was probably so 
named because it led in a southerly direction from Chambers' or 
BusseU's pasture, or opposite to North Russell street. 

Buttolph street was laid out along or across the extreme westerly 
line of this estate, and its easterly boundary includes the houses on 
the west side of Hancock street. The westerl}^ portion of this 
pasture, like that of Jeremiah Allen, became gradual!}- occupied by 
our " colored brethren." Thus a lot, no less than 88|^ feet wide by 
117 feet deep, on the westerly side of Belknap street, bought by 
Ebenezer Storer in 1737, was conveyed by his executors to 
" Scipio." He is not styled in the deed " Africanus," but was no 
doubt lawfully entitled to that additional appellation. The deeds 
of this area show how exclusively the great names of antiquity are 
borne by this class of our fellow-citizens. Cato, Caesar, Pompey, 
Scipio, here figure on an humbler stage than of old, in company 
with "Cuff Buffum," etc. And among the "Dinahs" and 
" Phillises " occur other female names, which, though derived from 
bright colors, really indicate, at Jirst blush, the dark skin of the 
parties, viz., Olive, Violet, Rose, etc. Our city fathers, not being 
of opinion that " a rose bj' any other name will smell as sweet," 
have recently merged Belknap street into the less offensive name 
of Joy street. Buttolph street has not been disturbed, except that, 
with the usual official brevity, it has, like Elliot street, been cur- 
tailed of one letter,'^ and now figures as Butolph street. Hancock 

"Ml". Bowditch is, perhaps, over-critical in respect to Eliot street. That street, was 
laid out in 1740 through lands belonginij to the descendants of Jacob Eliot, who was 
one of the brothei-s of Rev. John Eliot, the *' apostle to the Indians." This fam ly, ib 



62 City Document No. 105. 

street (so named from King John^ having before been named 
George street, for King Onorge) has always been occupied by white 
inhabitants, being the genteel end of Buttolph's pasture. 

Gleaner. 

all its branches, has always used the form " Eliot " ; but the Essex county Elliots or 
Elliotts, to whicli belonged the Boston ministers and oui' Mayor, Eliot, have varied tho 
spelHug at times. 

I annex an abstract of the indenture laying out Eliot street, and also that part of out 
Tremont street which crosses it. See, also, City Document No. 119, of 1879. " Nomen- 
clature of sueets." — W. H. W. 

" Lib, 69, fol. 63-5. — 4 June 1740. Indenture between Benjamin Eliot 1 sta«.:QngiHj . 

John Eliot ) ' 

Rev. Jacob Eliot of Lebanon, Windham co. Conn. ; w. of Jona. Willis of 
Boston, housewrij^ht, they four being the heirs of Jacob Eliot, mariner, dec*, on the 
one part 

Also John, Edward, Samuel & Jacob (Holyokes all), 

Maiy Ai-nold, Hannah Bun-ill, widows, & Sarah w. of John Eliot, stationer : — they 
seven being the heirs of Maiy Holyoke widow dec" — who was also an heir of Jacob 
Eliot & whereas the other sister & heir of Jacob E. was Abigail Davis who sold 
her i-ight to bro. Benjamin, now they desire to make a division 

Fii-st they lay out 2 streets at nearly right angles, one to run WNW from Orange 
street — to be called Eliot st ; the other to run SSW from Frog Lane to Hollis st, to be 
called Ilolyoke st : to be described as follows. 

Eliot St. to begin 21 inches from the S.E. corner of s* Jacob Eliot's house on 
Orange st. occupied first by Paul Collins, then by John Clark & now by Benj. 
Eliot, to run in a straight line WNW 906 feet till it reaches land lately bo't by s* John 
Eliot of Abigail Davis, widow — The sti-eet to be 30 ft wide. And as this 30 ft at the 
first point will run 7^ feet on the land of Joseph Henderson, late of Samuel Band, the 
8'' H. has sold a strip to the town for a street. 

Holyoke street begins at the N.E. corner of land of W" Lambert in Frog Lane & 
runs fii-st through land of John Clough, next through the lands to be divided & then 
through land of Gov. Belcher till it falls into Hollis st." 



"Gleaner" Articles. 63 



XXI. 

MIDDLECOTT'S FOUR-ACRE PASTURE. 
August 9, 1S55. 

Mr. Editor : — Our earliest deed of Scottow's pasture bounded 
on Jeremiah Houchia. His executors sell in 1677 (Suflf., L. 16, f. 
297) "all that theire piece or parcel of land, situate lying and being 
in Boston, containing by estimation four acres, be the same more or 
less, being butted and bounded on the north by the highway, east 
by Mr. Simon Lynd, south by the land of John Turner, west by 
the land of Benjamin Gibbs." [Scottow had sold to Gibbs.] 
The grantees in this deed were Richard Middlecott and William 
Taylor. The latter died 1682, and his son and heir, of the same 
name, conveyed to said Middlecott, 1697 (Suff., L. 17, f. 351). 

Middlecott died 1704, and a division was made 1727 (L. 42, 
f. 175), by which a 40-feet street was laid out through the pasture, 
called Middlecott street, which name it retained many years. This 
pasture measured 310 feet, 8 on Cambridge street, and extended 
back on the west side 689 feet, on the east side 741 feet, and in 
the rear it measured 210 feet. The lots on the west side of Middle- 
cott street measured 130 feet on Cambridge street, and those on 
the east side 139.J feet on Cambridge street ; and at the rear end of 
the pasture the lots narrowed to 85 feet on each side of this new 
street. The street so laid out was 40 feet wide. 

Here then was one of the finest estates in the city, and this 
spacious avenue was appropriately named for one of its earliest 
owners. Houchin street would not have been quite the thing, but 
Middlecott street was unexceptionable, — a name agreeable both to 
the eye and the ear. It happened, however, that one Bowdoin, 
some 70 years ago, was placed by his fellow-citizens in that 
gubernatorial ducking-stool, in which the commander-in-chief is 
annually soaked while reviewing the " Ancient and Honorable 
Artillery." It also happened that he owned an estate on Beacon 
street. His devise (bearing the same name), in 1800, opened 
through this land a street in continuation of Mr. Middlecott's, and 
presto ! the whole street became Bowdoin street. Now, it cannot, of 
course, be suspected that the living Mr. Bowdoin named this street 



64 City Document No. 105. 

for himself. The act would savor of ostentation. The selectmen, 
doubtless, thought that having accommodated Governor Hancock 
with a street, they ought in justice to do as much for his rival. In 
itself the change was as absurd as if a boy, having a fine kite 
with an excellent bob to it, should, because it had a ribbon or how 
added to it, be obliged to call the whole article by the name of 
this tail-piece. 

The partiality thus evinced for governors has not yet died out, 
though now, indeed, it rarely extends to such as are either officially 
or personally def uuct. But how appropriate would it be to confer the 
name of the governor for the time being, on the street in which he 
happened to live ! The visible splendor and dignity of our highest 
office would thus be greatly increased ; periodical changes in the 
names of streets would thus be brought about with even greater 
frequency, and in a less fitful and capricious^^ manner than at 
present. Mt. Vernon street would become Gardner street, etc. If 
such a rule should prevail, perhaps, in a few years, WintJirop square 
would succeed as the tJiird designation of Pemberton square, which 
has only had two names in twenty years. If it should be thought 
that in the event Winthrop place might lead to some confusion, 
that name, conferred in honor of a dead governor, could be ex- 
changed. It is the order of nature, indeed, that the dead should 
give place to the living. Besides, it is rather an equivocal com- 
pliment to name half of a court for anybody. Otis place and 
Winthrop place could both be named for Sir William Pepperell, 
through whose estate Otis place is laid out. They could together 
be called Pepperell square. Two birds would thus be killed by one 
stone ; and then in a few 3-ears the authorities could ignore the 
origin of the name, drop off the " ell," as they did in ElZiot street, 
and the residents would hail, in the dii'ectory, from Pepper square. 
The names of streets, however, are comparatively unimportant, 
since we seem in a fair way to lose the reality^ — several streets, as 
I learn by the papers, being at once used up by the Metropolitan 
Railroad. 

Gleaner. 

P.S. — Is it true that the mayor had a present of a snapplng- 
turtle, weighing fort}' pounds, to put into the Frog Pond? If so, 
I wish he would snap at our city functionaries for some of their 
proceedings. G. 

" This word is as given in certain corrections printed by Mr. Bowditch at the time 

W. H. W. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 65 



XXII. 

JOSHUA SCOTTOW'S FOUR-ACRE PASTURE. 
August 10, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — At the last advices I hailed from the west side 
of Hancock street at the easterly end of Buttolph's pasture ; con- 
tinuing easterly a four-acre pasture of Joshua Scottow is next 
reached, which extends from Hancock street easterly 280 feet on 
Cambridge street, or to a point 52^ feet east of Temple street, 
and is in depth back, towards summit of Beacon Hill, 660 feet, or 
just below the line of Derne street. This estate was probably 
sold by Thomas Scottow to his brother Joshua, 27, 4, 1648. A 
mortgage by Joshua, discharged in 1665, mentions such a deed. 
Joshua Scottow conveyed to his son-in-law, Benjamin Gibbs, Jan. 
10, 1670 (Suffolk, L. 7, f. 168). Colonel Benjamin Gibbs and 
Lydia, his wife, mortgaged the same to our old friend, Rev. James 
Allen, for £150, 1671, (Suffolk, L. 7, f. 192), who assigned it to 
Richard Wharton, by whom the mortgage was foreclosed, 1680 
(L. 12, f. 329). Richard Wharton died 1691, and his administra- 
tor conveyed to Stephen Minot the south-west moiety, or two acres 
Nov. 24, 1697 (L. 18, f. 18), and to Isaiah Tay the north-easterly 
moiety or two acres, Nov. 23, 1697 (L. 18, f. 17). The whole 
pasture is thus described: " A pasture on the north-west side of 
Beacon Hill, containing about four acres,, bounded north-east on 
the late Jeremiah Houchin, now Richard Middlecott's, south-east 
on the late John Turner and Richard Cook, south-west on late 
Buttels {i.e., Buttolph's pasture), and north-west on the lane lead- 
ing to the pastures" ( i.e., Cambridge street). 

And here another " ropewalk " turns up, and one, too, of quite 
respectable size, viz., 44 feet 6 inches on Cambridge street, by 665 
feet deep. It was sold off by Minot in 1731 to Samuel Waldo (Suff., 
L. 46, f. 170) from the easterly side of his allotment. Waldo's heirs 
soldoffto Joseph Ridgway in 1768 (Suff., L. 112, f. 105.) Now, the 
volumes 112 and 114 have been missing from the Registry of 
Deeds ever since the Revolution, — a most convenient circumstance 
for conveyancers, as it allows us to suppose all missing deeds to 
have been there recorded ; an hypothesis which, of course, cannot 



66 City Document No. 105. 

be possibly disproved. I myself caused this deed to be re- 
recorded in 1834 (L. 383, f. 20). It embraced all except a 30- 
feet lot at the south eud, being 44 feet by 635 feet (3 inches. Across 
the west part of the old ropewalk was laid out a lane, 10 feet wide, 
noNV well known as Ridgway's lane. This ropewalk, and Jenner's 
ropewalk, which we found in Buttolph's pasture, added to those by 
Pearl, Pinckney, and Poplar streets, make together 14 ropewalks 
in Boston, lohich were probably " spmniay," ali at once, for a 
period of at least sixty years. 

Mr. Minot had retained almost all the lots on the east side of 
Hancock street, being throughout about 91 feet deep, to this old 
ropewalk on Ridgeway's lane. He died in 1732, and a great di- 
vision was made in 1733 among his heirs ; John Minot taking the 
north lot, of the moderate size of 217 feet, on Hancock street; 
George took the next lot of 159 feet wide; Christopher contented 
himself with only the next, 85 feet, on Hancock street ; while Peter 
brought up the rear with the south lot of 159 feet. All this long 
range of lots finally became vested in Jonathan L. and Benjamin 
Austin, from whom the modern titles of all the east side of Han- 
cock street, north of Derne street, are derived ; and this street 
should, I think, have been named for Scottow^ Wheatoyi, Minoty or 
Ausiin. 

Mr. Isaiah Tuy died, seized of his two-acre pasture, in 1730, and 
devised the same to his wife ; but the poor man forgetting to add 
the word '■'■ heirs" {probably from not emjiloying an attorney)^ the 
poor ivoman lost her pastures, and it went to collateral heirs of her 
husband. In 1737 partition deeds were made (L. 54, f. 235; L. 
55, f. 80), by which a 30-feet street was laid out directly through 
the centre of the pasture, leaving on each side lots 52^ feet deep. 
This street is now Temp>le street. About half of the land on the 
east side of this street (say 330 feet deep from Cambridge street) 
was subsequently bought by Joseph Coolidge, Esq., and formed 
part of the garden of his noble mansion-house estate, which, alas ! 
has forever disappeared. Having now got into some of the best 
society m Boston, I like my quarters so well that 1 thiuk I shall 
stop and pass the night. I may, perhaps, hereafter advise you of 
m}' further journey' to the eastward. 

Gleaner. 

P.S. — As the city fathers eagerly listen to all proposals for 
changing the names of streets, I beg leave to ask that Temple 
stro'^t shoiild be changed to Tay street. A temple is a heathen 



"Gleaner" Articles. 67 

building, which only by poetic license is applied to a Christian 
church. The present name was given to this street before it had 
any church in it, or as a mere matter of taste and fancy." Now, as 
the law prevented Mr. Tay from sepai'ating this estate from his 
family and name, it ought, at least, not to separate his name from 
the estate. Tay is a word so short that it will not probably be 
thought necessary (as in so many other cases) to strike out a 
letter. Though, if that should be thought desirable, the y might of 
course be omitted. The word itself is extremely musical. It occurs 
in the poet's lay, and rhymes can easily be found for it through all 
the letters of the alphabet. The only objection that occurs to me 
is, that to our Hibernian fellow-citizens it may suggest merely a 
well-known bevrage, instead of the ancient legal martyr, whose 
fate I wish thus to commemorate. 



'* Surely Mr. Bowditch must have forgotten that Gov. Bowdoin's daughter married 
Sir John Temple, hart., whose daughter married Lt.-Gov. Thomas Lindall Wiatljrop. 
Temple was a Bostoaian, by adoption at least, his father and grandfather having lived 
at the Ten Hills Farm, and was one of our most noted citizens. Doubtless this was the 
true source of the name of the street. In this connection I may add the wish that Mr. 
Bowditch had lived to protest against the change of the name of "Lindall street," 
which commemoi'ated a famous family here, to the unmeaning and misleading title 
of "Exchange place," in 1873. For nearly a century and a half Lindall's Line or 
street was known. — W. H. W". 



68 City Document No. 105. 



xxin. 

BULFINCH'S FOUR-ACRE PASTURE. 

August 11, 1855. 

Mr. Editor: — You will remember that I was last in Middle- 
cott or Bowdoiii street, having entered Mr. Coolidge's garden from 
Temple street. He purchased the northerly lots on the west side 
of Bowdoiu street, 1791, 1795, and 1825, which gave his estate a 
total front on that street of 368 feet 3 inches. This house and gar- 
den was altogether one of the most beautiful residences which have 
existed in our city within my memory. It was laid out into lots 
in 1834, and no less than 28 dwellings were erected on it ; while a 
large parcel of nearly 5,000 feet, with u fine old tree upon it, was 
purchased and retained by the late Dr. Shattuck, for air, light, and 
ornament, for the benefit of his estate on the opposite side of Cam- 
bridge street. This, also, has just been covered with bricks and 
mortar. The Middlecott estate extendeil back from Cambridge 
street about 166 feet south of Allston street, that street (which was 
formerly known as Somerset place)., and also Balfinch place., 30 
feet wide, having been both opened into Bowdoin street, through 
this pasture, and thence extended easterly into Bulfinch street. 

This leads us naturally to visit BulfincKs pasture. It seems to 
have been estimated as containing four acres. It measured north 
on Cambridge street 148 J feet, on the west side 874 feet, in the 
rear 74^ feet, then easterly 118 feet, and again south 23 feet, and 
then east again 673 feet to Cambridge street. It was devised in 
1665 by John Newgate to his son-in-law, Simon Lynde [Lynde 
is named as east abutter in the deed of Middlecotfs pasture], and 
as early as 1687 was vested in his son, Samuel Lynde. Rather 
more than 100 years ago it became the property of Thomas Bul- 
finch. It remained in his family nearly 50 years, being finally dis- 
posed of in 1796-1797. 

The Revere House estate, 117 feet on Cambridge street, 184 feet 
on the west line, and 140 feet on Bulfinch street, was sold for the 
moderate sum of $7,000 in 1797, and for many years was the 
well-known and beautiful mansion-house of the late Kirk Boott, 
partner of the late William Pratt, under the firm of Boott & Pratt. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 69 

It is rather remarkable that the private residences of both have ex- 
panded into hotels, — the latter having lived in the Pearl-street 
house. Mr. Boott's raausioii had a more venerable-looking ex- 
terior than its age justified, it having been originally built with 
brick soaked in a preparation of molasses, with the design of ex- 
cluding the moisture more effectually. When erected, Bowdoin 
square was the very centre and nucleus of aristocracy and fashion. 
Mr. Boott, indeed, had the offer of land in Beacon street, at a far 
less price per foot than he paid for this estate. Here resided the 
late Mr. Lyman (on the Baptist-church lot), the late Joseph 
Coolidge, Jr. (where stores are now about to be built) , the late 
Samuel Parkman, and various members of his family, including his 
daughters, the late Mrs. Edward Blake and the late Mrs. Robert 
G. Shaw, for whom were erected the two stone houses fronting 
easterly on Bowdoin square. Though the glory of this locality has 
now departed, as far as respects its private splendors, yet to the 
public these are more than replaced by a hotel, which, in its accom- 
modations and management, has no superior in the United States, 
or perhaps in the world. As you, yourself, however, live there, it is 
superfluous for me to enlarge on the ability and the courtesy of Parau 
Stevens. May his receipts never be less 1 Gleaner. 

P.S. — As in duty bound we first paid our respects together to 
Mr. Blackstone, and ate some of his apples. We then strolled 
through a couple of burying-grounds, and looked into two or three 
churches, half-a-dozen bakeries, and about sixteen ropewalks. We 
also walked from Castle street beyond the green store on the Neck, 
to see a hanging. We have inspected the hogs in Hog alley, the 
cows on the Common, the — I was on the point of writing — but 
I mean the mayor, in the City Hall. We went on a sailing party 
from the " Circular Line," and landed on "island wharves," built 
by the hand of man " to traverse guns upon," wliere, however, we 
found more salt than saltpeter. We have even ascended into the air 
to visit an estate or two. Butour chief excursion, now completed, 
has been from Bowdoin square, down one side of Cambridge street, 
and back again on the other side of the street to the point of 
departure. This we have made rather leisureh', stopping to chat 
with the neighbors as we went along. I have not myself thus far 
picked up much in these wanderings, though I will inform vou, in 
confidence, that I have received an anonymous promise of some of 
" Mollie Saunders' gingerbread." If itcomes, I shall indt'edfeol that 
I have " gleaned " to some purpose. In the meantime I dare say that 
I can get something almost as nice at the " Revere." Gr, 



70 City Document No. 105. 



XXIV. 

MOLLY SAUNDERS' GINGERBREAD. 

August 13, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — In my postscript to " Bulfinch's Pasture" I sug- 
gested a vague hope of receiving some of "Molly Saunders' gin- 
gerbrend." That hope has been fully realized. I have just got a 
loud note from the old lady. It is signed " Shade of Molly Saun- 
ders." But, though thus obviously coming from the spirit hind, it 
was accompanied by a basket filled with the "real article," — pre- 
cisely' as I used to eat forty years ago. Of this there can be no pos- 
sible mistake. Here, then, at least, is a '•'■ spirit communication" 
which cannot be explained away. It is most palpable alike to sight, 
touch, and taste. As you were the " medium " through whom this 
departed shade was apostrophized by me, a few cakes are sent to 
you in acknowledgment of your services in that capacity. If our 
deceased friend could be further persuaded to " impress" you and 
your readers with the receipt which she used while on earth, what 
an inestimable blessing would be thus conferred on mankind ! 

Gleaner. '"' 

P.S. — It appears that the old lady had to return Jiere to do the 
baking, and in her note to me she says, very feelingly, " I could 
not make it look just as it used to, for there is no wood and no 
ovens to be seen on airth now. I wouldn't live here again for 
nothing;." 



^" Inasmuch as there 13 so little historical matter in this article, it has been thought 
admissible to print, as a note, an article which appeared at about the same date, and 
which is certainly worth presei-vation. It was printed in the Boston " Transcript " for 
August 2, ISiw. — W. 11. W. 

REMINISCENCES OF AN OLD BOSTONIAN. (1855, August 2.) To the Edi- 
tor of the Transcript: — Enclosed I send you a copy of a letter written in 1841, by Mr. 
D. Greenleaf of Quincy, to Mr. J. T. Ilayward, which accidentally came into my pos- 
session a short time since. It has occurred to me that there are some facts relating to 
the local history of Boston, that are to be found in the letter, which are new, and per- 
haps many would be interested by their publication. You can make such use of the 
letter as vou deem best. — A. M. H. 



" Gleaner " Articles. 71 

QuiNCT, Octobei', 1841, 

Mr DEAR Sir : — I have read with pleasure Col. Perkins's reminiscences, and am 
glad he has rescued so many things from oblivion ; but as I am a few years in advance 
of our friend, I can look a little farther back, and rectify a few mistakes he has inad- 
vertently made, and add something' to the catalogue. 1st. Of the lower floor of the 
Town House — the two small offices — one was the office of the Superior Court, 
Charles Cushing, Clerk ; the other for the Court of Sessions and Common Pleas, Eze- 
kiel Price, clerk — both offices very shallow, being no deeper than the width of the. 
stairs leading to the Council Chamber. At the time he speaks of there was neither 
Senate or Governor, nor till 1780, when the State Constitution was adopted, and Gov- 
ernor Hancock elected. 2d. The Declaration of Independence was read by William 
Grcenleaf (my father) , then sheriff. Henderson was not sheriff till some years after. 
My father was so proud of that proclamation that he had the paper from which he read 
it framed and glassed, and it hung over his parlor fireplace as long as he was a house- 
keeper. As his voice was rather weak, he requested Colonel Crafts to act as his her- 
ald ; they stood together at the front of the balcony, and my father read a sentence, 
which was immediately repeated by Crafts, and so continued to the end, when was the 
huzza, as mentioned. There was an engine-house under the south-east corner. The 
lion and unicorn were burnt on the evening of the declaration on a bonfire, in front of 
the Bunch of Grapes, as were the king's arms from the Court-IIouse, and all signs 
bearing emblems of royalty that could be found. 

Ezekiel Price kept an insurance office before either Payne or Hurd, — I think in a 
building belonging to Col. P.'s father. 

I remember a Tory oration delivered from the balcony of the British coffee-house, 
by a surgeon of a British Regiment (Doct. Bolton). It was meant to ridicule the 5th 
of March orations, and was delivered immediatelj- after Mr. Hancock's or Dr. War- 
ren's second oration, and was alow, vulgar abuse of the Whig patriots of that day. The 
mainguard was paraded in front with fixed bayonets, and the music sounded a grand 
ihorus at the end of it. It was printed, and I had a copy till I removed to Quincy, 
when I gave it, with some other political pamphlets, to Rev. John Elliott, D.D., for the 
Massachusetts Historical Society. 

The first Custom-House under the TI. S. Government was in a building which makes 
the west side of the Exchange. The east side was Mr. Coburu's ; but there was a 
Custom-House before under the Staie gs^-ernmeut, and James Lord was the Collector. 
It was opposite the south-east corner of Faneuil Hall. 

Long wharf was commenced in 1710. North Batteiy wharf formerly belonged to 
the Town of Boston, and was sold to Jeffrey & Russell, and by them to Mr. Lyman. 

Brattle-street Church was built in 1772. The Old North Church was pulled down 
during the siege for fuel, as was the wooden fence round the Common. The Common 
lay open until the peace took place in 1783 or 1784; a subscription was then raised to 
replace it, Dr. Oliver Smith being the promoter of it. I lately (say wifliin five or six 
years) saw a paper printed in 1784, containing a list of the subscribers, — I think 234. I 
examined this list, and made out seven then living, — Capt. Barnard, Perez Morton, 
Thomas L. Winthrop ; Jos. May and Joseph Woodward are since dead ; and I believe 
Mr. John Marston and myself are the only survivors whose names were on the list. 

The Latin School, in School street, was kept by John Lord, the father of James, 
who was usher under his father, but never was principal. The father and son were of 
different politics ; the father was chosen one of the Mandamus Councillors, and the son 
carried off a prisoner by the British in 1776, and confined some time in Halifax. When 
exchanged, he was sent member to Congress from Massachusetts. lie delivered ihe 
orationln commemoration of the 5th of March. There was before the war a Latin 
School kept at the North End by Master Hunt, In addition to the taverns named by 
Col. P., I remember the Mitre Coffee House, at the North End, Green Dragon, Union 
Street, Yankee Hero, and General Wolf, Wing's lane (now Elm street), a large tavern 



72 City Document No. 105. 

at the foot of Brattle street, kept by a Mr. Cooper, afterwards by Mr. King, and the 
Georjje tavern, on the neck, and several others of less note. 

There was a large reservoir for water, called the llat conduit, between the foot of 
Elm street and the old building corner of Ann street, I think about 12 feet square, 
covered with plank, and raised about 2j feet in the centre, and sloping both sides to 
within 6 inches of the paving ; and on Saturdays this platform was a meal-market. If 
a sudden rain came on, the bags of meal (by my permission) were brought into my 
store for shelter. 

The town dock then came up on the noith side of Faneuil Hall, a little above Mr. 
Faxon's store ; but the passage to it was so narrow at the foot of Merchant's row, that 
a swing l)ridge was placed there for the convenience of passengers to the north — the 
basin inside forming an octagon, and was generally filled by oystermen and Connecti- 
cut coasters. The fish-stalls were at the head of the dock. D. G. 

Mr. J. T. Hatwakd. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 73 



XXV. 

SOUTHACK'S TWO-ACRE PASTURE AND TANYARI). 

August 14, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — On Saturday last I was left at the Revere, tak- 
ing some refreshment, after our various excursions ; and then, after 
eating a little "gingerbread." I started off with renewed strength 
and spirits. Having previously visited some other of our city 
churches, I thought I would now look in upon one which stands on 
almost the extreme south end of Bulfiuch's pasture (as the Revere 
does at its north end). This pasture extended a few feet south of 
the south side of Ashburton place, so that it includes the whole 
front of the houses of W". T. Andrews and J. M. Beebe, to the 
average depth of 14 feet. The east line of the Mt. Yernon Con- 
gregational Church estate coincides exactly with the east line of 
this pasture, but on the weSt a small purchase was made from the 
Bowdoin estate. There are few more eloquent preacliers than the 
Rev. Edward N. Kirk, and he is duly appreciated by a numerous 
and attentive congregation. In the summer season, so many of our 
citizens, especially as it happens among the Unitarian and Epis- 
copal societies, retire into the country', that the churches of those 
denominations, if opened at all, present a clear case of only " two 
or three gathered together." Thus, out of 148 families belonging 
to King's Chapel, all are now absent except 12. But it is far 
otherwise with Dr. Kirk's society. Bnlfinch's pasture is truly 
admirably represented at both encU. It makes adequate provision 
alike for physical and spiritual wants. 

This pasture, as we have seen, after extending northerly 118 
feet, made a jog outwards of 23 feet. Both these lines were on 
the estate of Cotton or Sewall, since of the late Gardiner Greene, 
who owned through to Tremont street a tract of land embracing 
the largest part of Pemberton square. Proceeding again northerly, 
the east line of Bulfinch's pasture is on land of Cyprian Southack, 
or more recently, of John Bowers, of Somerset. Accordingly, we 
find that H[oward street was ancienth' named Southack's court, for 
the former, and Somerset street was so named by the latter. 

This estate (next east of Bulfinch's pasture) contained two 



74 City Document No. 105. 

acres. la the " Book of Possessions" is, P2dward Bendall, p. 53, 
another house and garden, together with two acres of land adjoin- 
ing, bounded on Sudbury street {i.e., Tremont street) east ; Robert 
Mears north ; John Cotton south and west. Bendall sells to 
DaddYeale, 1645 (Suffolk, L. 2, f. 48), whose attorneys convey to 
the use of Capt. John Wall, 1653 (/&.)• He died 1670, and his 
heirs, in 1678, convey to Edward Shippen (Suffolk, L. 11, f. 195). 
Shippen sells off to Benj. Fitch, 1702 (L. 38, f. 56), a certain tan- 
yard and land, bounded north on the highway leading to the Bowl- 
ing Green (i.e.. Court street), 48 feet by 156 feet deep. He sells 
to Andrew Mariner the next westerly lot, 48 feet on said street, 
1691 (15, f. 167), and in 1702 sells all the residue to Cyprian 
Southack (Suffolk, Lib. 21, f. 14) : " All that messuage, contain- 
ing two acres, more or less, bounded on Sudbury street (i.e., Tre- 
mont street) east ; on land now or late of Sewall, south ; on land 
now or late of Samuel Lynde {i.e., BulQnch's pasture) west; and 
north on the way leading by the south side of the Bowling Green ; 
excepting therefrom the lots sold Mariner and the tanyard in the 
occupation of Russell." Southack sells off to Jonathan Armitage, 
1718 (Suffolk, 33, f. 51), the remaining or westerly lot, 74 feet on 
Court street by 200 feet on the west line, so that this pasture 
measured 1 70 feet on Court street ; and he granted him a right in 
a new highway, 27 feet wide, laid out south of these lots, 1720 
(Suffolk, L. 35, f. 51). This was Howard street. Southack's pasture, 
south of Howard street, was of an L shape, bounded north on that 
street 141 feet, west on Bulfinch's pasture 440 feet, south on Cotton 
or Sewall about 614 feet, east on Tremont row 103.3, then north 
on Robert Mears* possession, and east on other lands. Various 
changes of these boundaries were subsequently made. John 
Bowers bought, 1799-1800, a tract extending about 62 feet west 
of Somerset street, and 147 feet east of it; and a large portion, 
therefore, of his lands was wholly east of Southack's pasture. 

The most easterly of Bowers' lots was the Howard Athenceum. 
The rear wall of that estate is an embankment of at least 40 feet 
in height, showing the difference of level between it and the north 
estates on Peraberton square. The lots on both sides of Somerset 
street, from Howard street to the range of the north line of the 
estates on the north side of Ashburton place, are held under deeds 
from Bowers. On the east side of this street stands a block of two 
houses, built by Ebenezer Francis, Esq. (to which a third has 
been latel}' added). The northerly of these houses belongs to 
Dr. Charles T. Jackson, who recently received from the Sultan 



"Gleanek" Articles. 75 

a aecoratioQ for the ether discovery. [It would seem that the 
Sultan had not heard of one Dr. Morton, whose office is in Tremout 
row.] 

The southerly house in this block has also had some distinguished 
tenants. It was first occupied by the late Uriah Cdtting, who, in 
the construction of India wharf and Central wharf. Broad street, 
and Cornhill, etc., etc., and especially by the stupendous enterprise 
of the Mill-dam or Western avenue, evinced an almost incredible 
genius, activity, and energy. His services, indeed, seem to be 
forgotten by the present generation. His very name is scarcely 
preserved except by his tombstone in the Granary Burying-ground. 
But our local historians, through coming ages, as the future shall 
more and more develop the results of his improvements, will grate- 
fully recognize his claims as the Chief Benefactor of Boston. Sub- 
sequently to his death this house was occupied by our fellow- 
citizen, William Ropes, a distinguished Russia merchant, whose 
vigorous old age still shames the degenerate manhood of many who 
are half a century younger than himself.''" 

Daniel Wehder became its tenant while he was in the full maturity 
of his glorious powers, before disappointment had darkened around 
him, and before he had ever uttered a word or done an act as a 
statesman which any of those hearts that most honored him could 
have wished unsaid or undone. Having been one of his warmest 
admirers, I will not say more than this of the dead; yet, believing 
that but for him the fugitive slave law — that accursed torch of 
civil dissension ! — would not now be throwing its lurid glare abroad 
through our land, I cannot say less. Abbott Lawrence next occu- 
pied this mansion, one whose entire career, both public and 
private, has reflected so much honor on our city, our country, and 
our age ; and whose precarious health, at this very moment, awakens 
such intense solicitude among ourselves, and has brought back 
echoes of regret from the other side of the Atlantic.''''' 

The Rev. Ephraim Peabody, of the King's Chapel, one of the 
most estimable and popular of our city clergymen, for several 
years resided here, and between these two last occupants came 
your humble servant. It was the home of all the early years of my 
married life, the spot where all my professional " gleanings " were 
used wp in " family expenses." I have always felt proud of having 
made one in so goodly a company. But I trust that I have ever 

jrWiliam Ropes died March 11, 1869. — "W.H.W. 
»2Abbott Lawi-ence died August 18, 1855. — W. H. "W. 



76 City DoctnviENT No. 105. 

cherished a proper humility. Some years since the late Sheriff 
Summer, father of our distiuguished senator, delivered a lecture on 
the duties of "Sheritf." He remarked that in England the bolder 
of that office was entitled to the appellation of " High" ; "'• but," 
added he, demurely making a meek bow to his audience, and 
placing his hand on his heart, " it is not so in this country, and, 
in one instance at least, that title of honor is entirely declined." I 
would withdraw in an equally modest manner on the present occa- 
bIou. Gleankb. 



** Gleaner" Articles. 77 



XXVI. 

REMINISCENCES OF SOMERSET STREET. 

August 15, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — Having fiuished my call at my own domicile, we 
will look in for a moment at the next door. One of the lots of the 
Bowers' estate, on which stand three new brick dwellings, directh' 
opposite the east end of Allston street, measured 80 feet on Somer- 
set street, and extended back over 215 feet on the south line. It 
was about thirty years the residence of Ebenezer Francis, who 
also purchased the adjoining mansion house of the late James 
Lloyd, south of it. On the rear o-f these lands (with some changes 
of boundary lines) stand his present mansion house at the north 
end of Pemberton square, and the two next houses on its west 
side. With the exception of these three estates all the lots in that 
square, and also all back of the same from Tremout row to Somer- 
set street, are held under deeds of Patrick T. -Jackson. On Mr. 
Francis' old mansion-house estate, at the corner corresponding 
with part of No. 10 Pemberton square, now occupied by R. M. 
Mason, Esq., stood a summer-house, on the very apex of the hill, 
seventy feet above even its present high level. The prospect from 
this building was one of ver}' great extent, and of the most varied 
beauty. Charlestown, and many an inland town besides, were in 
full view towards the north and west, while in front lay spread 
out before the spectator the thronged streets of the city, the masts 
of its shipping, the harbor dotted with its graceful islands, and 
beyond, in the extreme distance, might be seen Nahant, etc. 

Mr. Webster, while tenant of the adjoining estate, from time to 
time came here to gaze on this magnificent panorama/'^ On one 
occasion he had some friends at dinner, and was desirous that 
they should participate in this pleasure. Accordingly, the little 



^3 It may be well to note here that I possess a large painting, by Salmon, represent- 
ing this view, executed early in the present century. The stantl-poiut is apparently on 
Sandv Hill, about on the line where Ashburton place now is, and in tlie immediate fore- 
ground is a summer-house, which I presume to be the one mentioned in the text. Aa 
en<'Taving was given in the " Memorial History of Boston," issued by J. E. Osgood &, 
Co., as the frontispiece to Vol. IV. — W. H. W. 



78 City Document No. 105. 

gate was opened (the erection of which had been permitted for 
these visits) and a procession appeared, headed by a servant bear- 
ing a waiter with refreshments, and followed by Mr. Webster and 
his guests. It so happened that on that day a feather-bed had 
been taken to the summer-house to be opened and readjusted, 
and the process being in full operation at noon, the building had 
been left by the servants. Il was, of course, now found to be pre- 
viously occupied by an assemblage of feathers, which, aided by a high 
wind, at once fiew out to welcome their visitors. This unexpected 
reception was a source of much merriment. Chairs and a table 
were placed in the open air, and I have no doubt that both host 
and guests found new inspiration from the beauties of this glorious 
dining-room. 

To those who remember these estates as they then stood, the 
present neat and elegant buildings, and the quiet square which they 
surround, seem but a poor aud paltry substitute. The excavations 
made throughout this purchase by Mr. Jackson and his associates 
were absolutely frightful. The estate of Mr. Francis, towering up 
to such a height next to them, of course could not but greatly en- 
danger any buildings which might be erected beneath it ; and, 
indeed, it could not itself any longer be used with safety. So the 
summer-house passed away. 

When I was in college I had petitioned at the close of ray junior 
year for a room in Holworthy, instead of which I obtained one 
directly opposite to that which I already occupied. I was quizzed 
by a classmate, who suggested, as a consolation, the ease with 
which one of the " goodies " could remove my effects across the 
entry. An almost equally short and easy removal awaited me in 
after years as a householder ; since, on ceasing to occupy the man- 
sion of "glorious antecedents" in Somerset street, I was trans- 
ferred to, and still remain a tenant-at-will of, one of the new domi- 
ciles^^ under, or nearly under, that ancient summer-house. 

Gleaner. 

24 Ml". Bowditch lived at No. 9 Pemberton square, the most northerly house on the 
west side. — W.H.W. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 79 



XXVII. 

ANCIENT AND MODERN LAW. 

August 16, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — The lovrer portion of Southack's pasture was 
known as Valley acre. Tims a deed of the Cotton, or Greene 
estate, after bounding north 311 feet back from Tremont street, 
continues the line 29^) feet fartJun- on the land formerly of Cyprian 
Southack, now of Mr. John Tyng, or Valley acre, A.D. 1758 (Suff., 
L 92, f . 52) . Mr. Drake somewhere speaks of Valley acre as iden- 
tical with or part of Pemberton square, which is like speaking of 
Mt. Tom or Mt. Washington as a valley. The lots of Mr. Bowers 
were probably measured by a line along the rising surface of 
Somerset street, and, of course, fell short. A suit arose for a gore 
of land under a deed which went 100 feet from Howard street " till 
it comes to the wall of a brick stable." The case was opened by 
Rufus G. Amory, Esq., for demandant. Chief Justice Parsons 
said, " Is the land sued for beyond the stable?"— " Yes, Your 
Honor." — " Well, then, gentlemen of the jury, you must bring in 
your verdict for the tenant." — " But, Your Honor, I wish to argue 
the point." — "I cannot hear any argument: momiments govern 
measurements. Call the next jury." 

The same principle, thus promptly announced, has just been ap- 
plied to another estate which happened to belong to the same party. 
But there is a marked difference between the two decisions. This 
last case ( '' Curtis us-. Francis" ) was in court from 1839 to 1855, 
and the point decided is, that uuder the rule o/ " monnmerds govern- 
ing measurements,'' a straight line in a deed nay be broken off in the 
middle and one jmrt detached from the other, even to the distance of 
40 feet, said detached part thence to continue in a din'ction vary- 
ing 15 degrees from the course at the commencement. The line in 
Curtis vs. Francis began on Sea street, " at the south-west corner 
of Capen & Drake's wharf, and from said corner running in a 
direction of about, south, 60 degrees east, bounded north on Capen 
& Drake's icharf and flats to the channel or low- water mark." 

Now, to common apprehension, this seems to be one continuous 
line from street to channel. And in a previous case ( Dawes va. 



80 City Document No. 105. 

Prentice ), where the language was, " from Purchase street to the 
eapsill of the wharf, about 114 feet, and from thence to run down 
to low-water mark," the Court say, " There is no change of course 
indicated, and the construction must be that the line below the wharf 
is to run the same course as the line of the loharf." And here again, 
to common apprehension, seems a decision perfectly in accordance 
with the natural construction which first suggests itself to the 
reader's mind. The Court, however, in Curtis vs. Francis, in 
effect sa}', " It is true that Drake's wharf is a monument as far as 
it goes ; but then Drake's fiats become a monument, and it appears 
to us tliat Drake and his neighbor mistook their lines of flats ; 
though the deed in question therefore shall be deemed to convey 
a gore of flats, which we really* think belonged to Drake, outside 
of his wharf, because the deed runs by the wharf ; yet, when the 
wharf ends, the line shall be deemed to hop off to what we consider 
the true line of Drake's flats, and thence run by that monument to 
the channel." These ancient grantors and grantees would, I think, 
be very much surprised if they knew that their one straight line 
had thus been transformed ; and this, too, by the application of one 
of the soundest rules of judicial construction. It would, almost, 
seem that, while the first case was decided rightly in fifteen minutes, 
the last one has been decided wrongly in fifteen years. 

Gleaner. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 81 



XXVIII. 

THE SPRING HOUSE. 

August 17, 1S55. 

Mr. Editor : — At the last advices 1 had fallen into some tan 
vats which I found on Court street, 122 feet east of Bulfinch street, 
and which extended 48 feet on that street. Escaping without any 
serious injury, I rearranged my toilette in some small lots of about 
137 feet on Court street, and from 50 to GO feet deep, reaching to 
Stoddard's lane or street. All the lands east and south of this 
range of lots (extending to Tremont row, and on Loth sides of 
Howard street) became, in very early times, united in Simon 
Lynde, who thus unexpectedly turns up again. The extreme cor- 
ner of Tremont row and Court street was bought by him of 
Thomas Boyden and Hannah, his wife, in 16G2 ( Suftblk, L. 4, f. G 1 ) , 
bounded on said Lynde south, on SwJhury lane east and north. 
Now, Robert Somen was an original possessor, and we find deeds 
of John andlsrael Howen to said Lynde, 1GG2, 1GG3 ( Suff., L. 4, f. 71 
and 141 ), conveying two-thirds and one-third of " all that land 
and ground late of my mother, Elizabeth Howeu, containing half 
an acre, bounded with Robert Mears south, and some part of it 
with the street ( i.e., Tremont street ) easterly and ci.stwardly, north 
and west with the house where said Simon now dwelleth, also a 
corner bounded west ivith the layid in occupation of Governor Endi- 
cott.'" We thus learn where to call on His Excellency. 

Lvnde died in 1G87, and we find a deed of Nathaniel Newgate, 
or Newdigate, and Sarah, his wife ( a daughter of said Lynde ) , con- 
veying, in 1694, this corner estate as messuage known by the 
name^of ''The Spring House." So that The Spring Hotel, at 
Watertowu, had an ancient predecessor in Boston. Hannah, the 
only daughter of Mrs. Pordage,'' married James Bowdoin, and in 
1 748 an indenture was made to bar an entail of the part of said 
lands south of Howard street, and east of Southack's pasture [le., 



« Geor<Te Portage, or Pordage, married Elizabeth, daughter of Simon Lynde, who was 
thus au hdr to part of the estate. Their daughter Hannah married James Bowdoia, 
Bear., father of Governor Bowdoin.— W. H. W. 



82 City Document No. 105. 

from the centre of Somerset street to Tremont street ] . It is from 
this source that Bowers got his title to the Howard Athenaeum 
lot, etc. 

The large estate east of the Howard Athenaeum, measuring 154 
feet on Howard street, and 74 feet on Tremont street, was, in 1779, 
contracted to be conve^^ed to Ellis Gra}', who died (see Suffolk, 
L. 148, f. 52), and became the property of Theodore Lyman, Senior, 
in 1785 (L. 154, fol. 121). This lot was designed to have been 
used by the Brattle Street Societ3' for their church ; but, by the 
present of a bell, Governor Hancock induced them to rebuild on the 
old site. The brick block on Tremont street presents now a very dif- 
ferent aspect from the beautiful greenyard or lawn which originally 
extended in front of Mr. Lyman's mansion. Next south of this 
comes a lot 85 feet on Tremont street (by 28 feet G inches on the 
south line) , which is held under the possession of Robert Mears. 
Mr. Mears died in 1667, devising his land "as adjoining to the 
grounds of the late Governor Endicott." Part of these lands, in 
1709, gets into one John Staniford (Suffolk, L. 24, f. 146, 226) 
[who, it appears, was not contented with the six acres he had 
bought from Bowdoin square to Chambers street]. He sells to 
the Rev. Henry Harris, 1763 (Suffolk, L. 37, f. 92), whose executors 
sell, in 1734, to James Pemherton (L. 48, f. 299), in whose family 
the same remained for half a century, and whose name now 
flourishes in Pemherton square. Another part of Mears' lands is 
traced through Hodges, Ellis Gray, Colman, etc., to Dr. Samuel 
Dauforth, 1785 (Suff., L. 154, f. 136). 

We have seen that Southack's pasture came out on Tremont row, 
with a front of 103 feet, next south of Robert Mears. This 
front part, 313 feet deep on Cotton or Sewall,"" he sold off to John 
Jekyll in 1724 (L. 38, f. 98), and by deed of Jekyll's heirs it 
became vested in Dr. James Lloyd by deed in 1768 (L. 114, f. 137), 
which volume being now lost, it was again recorded in 1827 
(L. 315, f. 273). Having thus called upon all his neighbors, the 
Rev. John Cotton, the spiritual father of Boston, will have reason 
to feel hurt if we do not pay him an early visit. 

Gleaner. 



" At this point Mr. Bowditch brings tlie titles of the northerly half of the hill in 
contact with those traced on the sontherl3- part. The Cotton or Sewall lot is traced in 
a subsequent article to this point. When Sewall's property was sold by his heirs to 
"William Vassall, in 175S (Suff., Lib. 92, f. 52), the lines were north on the heirs of 
John Jekyll 311 feet, and of Capt. Cyprian Southac (then John Tyng,) on Valley 
Achor29.") feet, and heirs of Bulfiuch 20 feet, the whole line from Treamouat street up 
to and across Valley Achor being 626 feet, etc. — W. 11. W. 



"Gleaner" ARncLES. 83 



XXIX. 

"VALLEY ACRE." 

August 18, lS5o. 

Mr. Editor : — "My attention has been called to an article * in 
the " Transcript" of yesterday, signed " Valley Acre." That name 
of course indicates a region at the base of a hill. The line of 311 
feet from Treraont street, mentioned in the deed to which I refer as 
locating it, extends several feet west of the houses on the west side of 
Pemherton square, — there begins the 295 feet boundary on Valley 
acre. This last-mentioned line extends to a point about 20 feet 
east of the church in Ashburton place. Valley acre, therefore, 
embraced the lands on both sides of Somerset street., to Bulfinch street, 
etc., and extends down the hill to the low ground on Court street. 
This ma}' not be " far from the present northern termination of the 
iron fence in Pemberton square ; " but the very definiteness of that 
landmark seems to place Valley acre on the top of the hill, in- 
stead of at and near its base, and, as I thought, justified my allusion 
to a valley being located on the summit of Mount Tom or Mount 
Washington. Gleaner. 

*To the Editor of the Transcript : —As j-ou are disposed to set all little historical 
matters right, I beg you will request Mr. " Gleaner" to set his readers right in respect 
to what is said in the History and Antiquities of Boston about " Valley acre." The 
readers of his article in the" Transcript " of to-day (16th August) maybe disposed, from 
his statement, to think that the author of the History has made some important blunder 
in locating the place in question, while he does not locate it himself. Now, if you or 
your readers, and " Gleaner," too, will turn to page 593 of the History, the following 
detinite statement will be found respecting " Valley acre " : " Valley acre, as appears 
from an early map of the town, was adjacent to a spur of Beacon Hill, which extended 
north-easterly from the main hill, terminating abruptly not far from the present 
northern termination of the iron fence in Pemberton square." 

It may be as difficult for any one to imagine what this can have to do with Mount 
Tom or Mount Washington as it was for " Gleaner " to locate Vallet Acbe. 

[Note. This was Mr. S, G. Drake. —W. H. W.] 



84 City Document No. 105. 



XXX. 

COTTON HILL. 
August 20, 1855. 

Mr. Editor: — Tu the Book of Possessions, p. 9, is " Mr. John 
Cotton, 1 house and garden and about half an acre with an acre 
adjoining, bounded with Sudbury streete (i.e., Tremout row) east, 
Edward Beudall north, the Centerie Hill west, Mr. Bellingham 
and Daniel Maud south." Bendall was, as we have seen, the 
predecessor of Cyprian SouthacJc. This possession of an acre and 
a half in the very heart of the town was a noble allotment to its 
first citizen, — one from whose place of residence in England oar 
city derives its name. It does not savor of the small salaries 
sometimes so grudgingly paid to their pastors by our smaller towns. 
Looking directly down Queen street, or Court street (which, not- 
withstanding its later glories, for many a long year was known as 
Prison lane, from the prisou standing where the Court-House 
does now) , it rose to a great height, forming a sort of outpost to 
Beacon Hill. It soon acquired the name of Cotton Hill. 

Mr. Cotton died, and by will, proved January 27, 1G52-3, he 
says, " and because the south part of ray house, which Sir Henry 
Vane built whilst he sojourned with me, he by a deed gave it at 
his departure to my son Seaborne, I doe yrefore leave it unto him 
as his by right," etc. He also speaks of his wife's " house and 
garden in the market-place in Bostou in Lincolnshire." This item 
does not, iiowever, come within my present investigations. If his 
wife and children die without heirs, " or if they shall transi)lant 
themselves from hence into Old England, then my will is, and 1 
give the farm at Muddy River one-half to the College, one-half to 
the Church." 

It seems that beside his son Seaborne (quaintly so named from 
his place of birth) he left as devisees, Sarah, wife of Richard 
Mather, Mariah, wife of Increase Mather, and John Cotton, who, 
in 1GG4, confirmed this devise to Seaborne (Suff., G, f. 233), and he 
sells this part to John Hull (Suffolk, G, f. 226). Their original 
parchment deed is in my possession, — the recent gift of my friend 
Hon. James Savage. He doubtless thinks, " good, easy man "— 



"Gleaner" Articles. 85 

that if I die first it is to revert to him," but I shall instruct my heirs 
to hold on. In 1677, Nicholas Paige bought out the residue of the 
estate (Suffolk, 10, 107 and 108), bounded noi'thin part on Simon 
Lynde (i.e., Bulfinch's Pasture), and in part on the house and land- 
where Governor Endicott last dwelt, and in 1082 this also was 
bought by Mr. Hull (L. 12, f. 210). So the mint-master suc- 
ceeded the clergyman : here being another quite respectable invest- 
ment of his surplus " shillings " before mentioned. This last deed 
bounds north on Lynde in part, and in part on " the land of 
Edward Shippen, formerly the dwell ing-jjlace of Governor Endicott.''' 
Now, Shippen was owner of Southack's two-acre pasture. So we 
have incidentally made sure of the exact domicile of the governor, 
having, as it were, "shot him flying." 

Hull died 1083, and the division in 1684 embraced " the lands 
in Boston, formerly Mr. Cotton's, at Cotton Hill, commonly so called, 
with all the buildings that now [are] or shall be erected thereon" 
(L. 13, f. 92). B}- this instrument, the premises, after the death 
of Hull's only daughter, Hannah, wife of Samuel Sewall, are set- 
tled on her issue. 

Richard Bellingham's possession, p. 5, is "also a garden lot, 
bounded on Mr. John Cotton and Daniel Maud north, the high- 
way east, John Coggan south." He died 1072. His only sou 
and heir, Samuel, being about to marrj- Elizabeth Savage, widow, 
made a marriage settlement by deed to John Shelton and Edward 
Hull, 1095, and said Elizabeth appoints to said Samuel Sewall in 
1697 (Suff., 14, f. 439), " a piece or parcel of land, being on the 
side of a hill adjoining to a hill formerly belonging to Mr. Cotton." 
It is described as about half an acre, and is bounded north on said 
Sewall, east on said Sewall, and in part on land belonging to the 
First Church, etc. This I suppose to be one of the most venerable 
marriage settlements on our records. 

Samuel Sewall survived his wife Hannah, and died in 1729, and 
under division deeds (L. 45, f. 183), the premises came to his 
daughter Judith, wife of William Cooper, and after her death were 
conveyed to ^yilliam Vassal, 1758 (L. 91, f. 76). In 1790 
Patrick Jeff rey became owner. He married Madam Haley, widow 
of Alderman Haley of London, and sister of the celebrated patriot 
or demagogue, John Wilkes. A cabinet or secretary, and various 
articles of plate, formerl}- of IMadam Haley, with the Wilkes 

" Mr. Bowditch died fii-st, April 16, 1861, aged fifty-six. His friend, James Savage, 
the venerable antiquar\', though twenty-one years his senior, lived twelve years longer, 
dying March 8, 1873, aged nearly eighty-nine years.— W. H. \V. 



SQ City Document No. 105. 

arms, were purchased at the sale of Mr. Jeffrey's effects by 
Ebenezer Francis, Esq. Her occupation of this estate was ia a 
style of splendor of equipage, and of living, etc., utterly at vari- 
ance with the puritanic austerity of its first possessor, or the 
simple dignity of his noble guest, who, having served his countr}' 
with a self-devotion like that of the Regicides, like them died a 
martyr in her cause, by suft'eriug a traitor's death. 

Gleaner. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 



XXXI. 

COTTON HILL. — (Continued.) 
August 21, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — Rich widows who marry young husbands too 
often find their hearts grow heavier and their purses lighter. Such 
was the experience of Madam Haley, who was worth 70,000 
guineas when she became Mrs. Jeffrey. She returned to England, 
and died there in her husband's lifetime. He remained in America. 
He was, I believe, a brother of the celebrated Scotch reviewer. 
There is a form of conveyance well-known to the English law, 
called " Lease and Release," where a lease is first made for one 
year, and then the fee simple is released. A very large number of 
valuable estates in Boston and elsewhere, bought with Mrs. Jeffrey's 
money, were thus conveyed, and simultaneously the same were re- 
conveyed, so as to vest the titles in him and his wife, and the 
survivor. This is the chief, and, indeed, almost the only instance 
that I remember in our records, of this roundabout way of effecting 
what is more simply done by our common deed. Survivorship be- 
tween husband and wife ensures a salutary control over the issue 
of the marriage, and makes it certain that the wife surviving shall 
have her own again. This circumstance satisfied me that Mr. 
Jeffrey was a man of honor. I have known the wife's estates so 
conveyed as to shift the fee directly into the husband, in which 
case the wife would only get dower in her own lands. This 
arrangement never appeared to me to be a striking proof of disin- 
terested aft'ection.* 

Patrick JeflTrey, in 1801, convej-ed to the town a strip of his land^' 
taken for Somerset street, which was extended to Beacon street 
(Suff., L. 277, f. 297), and then for $36,000 conveyed this estate 

* [See the note at the end of this article. — W. H. W.] 

*' It seems proper to premise here that William Vassall, who was the purchaser of the 
Sewall lot, was a Mandamus Councillor and refugee. In 1787 (Suff., Lib. 169, f. 270) 
he sold this estate to liis nephew, Leonard Vassall Borland, of Boston, for £4,000. This 
sale seems to have been illegal, and in 1790 (Suff., L. 179, f. 241) John Lowell, as 
attorney for William Vassall, sold the property to Patrick Jeffrey. The exact boundsi 
will be mentioned later. — W. H. W. 



88 City Document No. 105. 

to Jonathan Mason, 1802 (L. 203, f. 32), back to Somerset street. 
The portion west of Somerset street, 2.e., back to Bulfinch's pasture, 
or the church, he sold for §12,000 to Asa Hammond, 1804 (L. 210, 
f. 138). Mr. Mason conveyed for $41, 000 to Gardiner Greene, in 
1803 (L. 205, f. 252). And now the original splendors of the 
estate seem to return. For nearly thirty years it remained the 
mansion of Mr. Greene, the wealthiest citizen of his da}', one 
who held high public and private trusts, and was conspicuous for 
his intelligence, integrit}', and good judgment. The house had no 
remarkable architectural pretensions of any kind ; but tlie natural 
beauties of the site, improved by taste and art, made it altogether 
the most splendid private residence in the city. 

Some of the most agreeable reminiscences are associated with 
the elegant festivities of that old mansion. Belonging to one of 
our first families, Mr. Greene, connected himself b,y marriage with 
others equally distinguished. One wife was a sister of the late 
John Hubbard ; another (his widow, still living among us) is a 
sister of Lord Lyndhurst, formerly Lord Chancellor of Great 
Britain. The son of the celebrated artist, Coplej', and a Boston 
boy, he gained for himself entrance into the peerage, and attained 
th6 highest of judicial honors. He is still living,'"'® the Nestor of 
the House of Lords, taking an active part in public affairs. No 
one could have said with more truth than himself, what was said by 
a distinguished predecessor on the Woolsack, when repelling what 
he deemed an insult : "As presiding officer of this House, as 
keeper of His Majesty's conscience, as Lord High Chancellor of the 
realm, I feel my f^elf as respectable, aye, and as much respected, as the 
proudest peer I look now down upon." Only a year or two since 
Lord Lyndhurst instituted inquiries as to the operation of the 
system of Registry of Deeds in Massachusetts and New York, with 
a view to its introduction into England. His autograph note, ex- 
pressing his satisfaction with the answers which I prepared to his 
questions, I value far more than any professional fee that I ever 
received. 

The west line of Cotton's estate coincides with the east line of 
Bulfinch's pasture, i.e., of the Church estate in Ashburton place. 
Its north line ran 630 feet in a straight coui-se to Tremont row, in- 
cluding the house-lots on the north side of Ashburton place, and 

2" John Singleton Copley, born at Boston, May 21, 1772, was the son of the distin- 
guished artist of the same name. He was Lord Chancellor, 1827-1830. He was twice 
married, but left only daughters at his decease, Oct. 12, 1863. His sister, Mrs. Greene, 
died Feb. 1, 1866, aged 95, leaving numerous descendants. — W. H. W. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 89 

the whole central portion of Pemberton square, embracing the 
fronts of all the houses on its west side, south of Mr. Francis' 
lands, and corresponding portions of the houses on its east side, 
both north and south of the entrance from Tremont row. Cotton's 
estate (with Bellingham's united'" in the Sewall family), measured 
east on Tremont row 163 feet, or nearly to the south line of the 
present entrance to the square. It had various jogs outward on 
its southerly line, greatl}^ enlarging its contents, adding perhaps 90 
feet more to its average width, for a depth of over 300 feet. The 
possession of Daniel Maud, measuring 137 feet on Tremont row, 
by about an average depth of 80 feet, was also bought by Mr. 
Greene. Hezekiah Usher sold it to Thomas Scotto, 1645 (L. 2, 
f. 193), " bounded west and north on Mr. John Cotton." It passed 
through Leblond, Erving, Brimmer, Bowdoin, Waldo, Walcott, 
"Winthrop, and was conveyed to Mr. Greene for $31,000 in 1824 
(L. 293, f. 196). This gave Mr. Greene in all a front of 300 feet 
on Tremont row. He died in 1832, and his 90,000 feet of land are 
appraised at $142,000, say at $70,000 per acre. 

"> This phrase is a little obscure. In his next article Bowditch seems to trace all of 
BelUngham's_/ro/2< lots without touching Hull or Sewall. Probably he refers to the 
fact that Sewall bought part of Bclliaghara's back lot, Oct. 11, 1697 (Lib. 14, f. 439). 
It was adjoining to the hill formerly belonging to John Cotton, and was bounded north 
by Sewall ; east partly by Sewall, and partly by land belonging to the First Church, 
now occupied by Mr. John Bayley ; south by land lately of Humphrey Davie, and west 
by land lately of Capt. John Wing. It was about half an acre. — W. H. W. 



MADAM HALEY. 

August 23, 1855. 

Mr. Editor: — Your careful correspondent, and my veiy good friend, "Gleanot, 
is mistaken in his opinion that Patrick Jeflfrey, the second husband of Madam Haley, 
was a brother of Francis Jeffrey, the Scotch reviewer. Francis Jeflfrey was the son of 
George Jeffrey and Henrietta, daughter of John Loudoun. Their children were 
Margaret, Mary, Francis, John, and Marion.* John came to Boston, and joined his 
mercantile uncle Patrick, who l)ecame the husband of Madame Haley, f The maiden 
name of Madam Haley was Wilkes. She was the sister of the celebrated John Wilkes, 
of the North Briton, t My mother was an intimate friend of this lady, during her 
halcyon days as Madam Haley, and for some time after she became the victimized wife 
of Patrick Jeffrey, who treated her with great brutality, and to escape from whose 
persecution she finally returned, in comparative poverty, to England. There is a 
sequel to the history of this unhappy lady's residence here, which I have heard related 
more than once in our family circle, and which I suppose may be relied upon as 
correct. 

• Cockburn's Life of Lord Jefirey, Vol. 1, pp. 1 and 2. 
flbid., p.sa 



90 City Docibient No. 105. 

Pemberton square was laid out in 1835, just twenty years ago. 
Had it been named Cotton place, for the old clergyman, it would 
have been thought that Mr. Jackson so named it because it was a 
distinguished manufacturer. If called Vane place, that name, 

Mrs. Haley had a daughter, who, against her mother's wishes, became affianced, and, 
in disregard of her menaces of repudiation, ultimately married to a physician of 
Boston named Brown. If I do not misremeraber, he had been a pupil of Dr. John 
Jeffries. He was quite respectable, but obscure and penniless. He had, I believe, ac- 
quired considerable notoriety by a dissertation on 3'ellow fever. After his marriage, 
Madam Haley kept her word, and obstinately refused to have any commerce with the 
daughter of her husband. They finally settled in London, where he became veiy 
respectably established in good practice. 

It must be here stated that the second mairiage of his sister was exceedingly 
otFensive to John Wilkes, and he was said to have expressed himself with inlempei-ate 
severity, and even with bitterness, in regard to her and Mr. Patrick Jeffrey. 

Unable to bear any longer the harsh and ungratefid usage of a brutal husband, 
whose promises to love and to cherish had less reference to her person than to her 
property, Madam Haley returned to England. On her aiTival in London she instantly 
repaired to the house of her brother, Mr. Wilkes, and sent in word by the servant that 
his sister, Mrs. Jeffrey, was at the door. After some delay, a chilling message was 
delivered : " Mr. Wilkes had once a sister in America, Mrs. Haley, hut he knows nothing 
of Mrs. Jeffrey." After this cruel repulse she I'etired to some private lodgings in the 
city. 

There is an old, homely distich — 

" A son is a 8on, till he gets him a wife — 
A daugliter, a daughter all the days of her life." 

The imputation conveyed in the first line I personally know to be false. With a 
few unnatural exceptions the averment in the second may be true. Ere long the 
tidings of tlie mother's arrival reached the ears of Mrs. Brown and her husbaud. They 
instantly repaired to the lodgings of this unhappy lady, — not to oppress her broken 
spirit and subdued and softened heart by a formal tender of their services, but im- 
pulsively to rush into her arms, to ask her forgiveness, to take her forthwith to their 
abode, to cheer her declining years, to m9,ke up for the time that had been lost, by re- 
doubling their efforts to make her happy ! In the home of this devoted daughter 
Madam Haley passed the rest of her days. During her residence here her town-house 
was on " Pemberton's Hill," and her countrj'-house on Milton hill, — the situation 
occupied subsequently by the Hon. Jonathan RusseU. Sigma. 

We sent a proof of the above to " Gleaner," who has furnished the following 
reply : — 

" I stated it merely as my belief ihaX Mr. Jeffrey was hrother of the Scottish Reviewer, 
and admit that " Sigma " is right in making him out an uncle. I cannot but i-egret 
that one who, by his conveyances, seemed so considerate as to ike right of the old lady 
in case she should survive him should have so brutally tried to break her heart and 
kill her off in his lifetime; thus, as it were, defeating the manifest intent of the instru- 
tnent he had executed." Gleaner. 

[Most Bostonians will remember that "Sigma" was the well-known signature of 
Lucius Manlius Sargent, who wrote many antiquarian notes for the " Transcript," a 
part of which were republished in 1856 under the title of "Dealings with the Dead. 
By a Sexton of the Old School." — W. II. W.] 



"Gleaner" Articles. 91 

however spelt, seems to be associated with qualities of mind not 
the most respectable. Faneuil place would have become Funnel 
place. It was at first christened Phillips place, its southerly 
portion being held under deed of Jonathan Phillij^s to Mr. Jackson. 
But as there was a prior " Phillips place " within a few rods, old 
Mr. Pemberton was called in, who once owned on the extreme out- 
skirts of the square, at its north end. BelUngJiam place would 
have been much more appropriate, or even " St. Botolph's square," 
the old town of Boston, in England, deriving its name from this 
patron saint. A " jingo tree," the only one in this part of the 
country, was successfully removed to the Boston Common, by the 
Beacon-street mall, nearly opposite Mrs. Greene's present residence, 
where its dark, glossy foliage must often remind her of the departed 

grandeur and beauty of her old homestead. 

Gleaneb. 



92 City Document No. 105. 



XXXII. 

FIRST CHURCH LOT, AND PETER FANEUIL'S HOUSE 
ON TREMONT ROW. 

August 22, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — We have seen that Gardiner Greene's estate was 
made up of parts of the original possessions of Cotton and Belling- 
ham, and also the little Maud possession. Other portions had been 
sold off by Mr. Bellingham, and one of those became vested in 
Rev. John Davenport, who dying in 1G70, and his son John in 
1676, the ultimate heirs conveyed for £170 to Robert Sanderson, 
Senior, Henry Alline, and Joseph Bridgham, deacons of the First 
Church of Christ in Boston, A.D. 1693 (Suff., 16, f. 133), "all 
that certain messuage or tenement, with the appurtenances and 
land thereto belonging, situate in said Boston, bounded at the east 
end with the street or highway leading from Prison lane (i.e.. Court 
street) up to the Common or training-field, on the west end, with 
land heretofore appertaining to Richard Bellingham, Esquire, de- 
ceased, of which this land hereby granted was once a part ; on the 
south side with the garden and land of the late Humphrey Davy," 
etc., the north boundary being in part on land of the late John 
Hull.=" 

This lot measured 68 feet in front, 62 feet in rear, 156 J feet on 
north line, 137i feet on south line. Its location is just about in 
the centre of the lots on Tremont row (south of the entrance to 
Pemberton square), and it includes the back portion of three estates 
on the east side of Pemberton square. It remained the property of 
the church for nearly a centurj-, being conveyed in 1 787 to Sampson 
Reed (L. 160, f. 166). It became the property of Wm. Phillipsin 
1805, at a cost of $15,000. Upon this lot stood a most ancient- 
looking building, with windows of very small panes of glass." I 

*• Part by garden of Bobt. Howard, deceased, now appei-taining to Gabriel Barnon. 
— W. H. W. 

*' Shaw says that Gov. Bellingham's house stood on the spot where Faneuil built. 
But this seems an error, as the north lot of Bellingham (sold to the church) had the 
house on it, and the lot sold Davie is land only. Hence we may presume that this old 
house was Gov. Bellingham's, and that Davie built his own stone house, which he sold 
U)F*neuil.— W. H. W. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 93 

iiave heard it staled, and have reason to believe it true, that when 
it was pulled down a chair was made from some of its timbers for 
the late Hon. Judge Davis, as possessing great antiquarian interest 
under the idea that it was in this house that Sir Harry Vane so- 
journed. It was within one of being the right house ; but a miss is 
as good (or as bad) as a mile, in such matter. I trust that it has 
not been presented to and officially accepted by the Historical 
Society as a genuine article. Few who drop in at Mrs. Mayer's ^^ 
to take an ice have any idea how venerable is the source of her 
landlord's title. And I certainly regret the necessity of depriving 
so pleasant a locality of any of its ancient honors. 

Mr. Bellingham had still retained a lot 140 feet on Tremont 
street, 120 feet in rear, with an average depth of 325 feet — quite 
a pretty residuum. This he conve^'cd to our friend Huraprey Davy, 
1663, by deed not recorded till after 47 3-ears (L. 25, f. 166). 
"A parcel of land being part of an enclosure lying and being in 
Boston between the old bwying-place highwa'/ cast, the land and 
orchard of Joshue Scottow south, the ground or orchard of Davis, 
widow, west, and the land of said Bellingham, being the other part 
of said enclosure, north." 

We met with Mr. Davie among the pastures south of Cambridge 
street, and by the same mortgage lo secure a marriage settlement, 
1683 (L. 13, f. 72), and foreclosed, the title to both estates got 
vested in his widow. She conveys to her two sons, 1706-1710 
(Suflf., 23, f. 9, 10), having at the last date picked up a third hus- 
band. And here I lake occasion to remark, that invariably, if a 
woman own a large landed estate, she is sure to keep getting mar- 
ried from time to time, as often as death affords an opportunity, 
thus making great embarrassments in tracing titles. These two 
Davies conveyed it for £800 to Andrew Faneuil, 1710 (L. 25, f. 
168), with "a stone dwelling-house" thereon, who died in 1737, 
devising to Peter Faneuil, of immortal memory. On his death, in 
1742, the inventory appraised his " mansion-house, garden, out- 
houses, and yard, at £12,375." So that it was doubtless a fine old 
mansion, worthy of such an owner, and such it continued to be 
during its whole subsequent occupancy by the Phillips family. In 
1772 it became the property of John Vassall, who being an un- 
fortunate " conspirator," the Commonwealth pocketed £2,400 by 



^ Mrs. Mayer's noted confectionery store was given up to other uses not long after 
this date. — W.H.W. 



94 City Document No. 105. 

selling to Isaiah Uoane, 1783 (L. 141, f. 2). Wm. Phillips iiouglit 
it in 1791 (L. 1G9, f. 125). 

These two estates, thus united in William Phillips, embrace 
about the southerly two-thirds of Tremont row and all the houses 
whic-h frout north on Pemberton square. Wm. P/iiUips devised 
these estates to his son William, 1804, who died in 1827, devising 
them to his son .Jonathan; they, at this latter date, being appraised 
at $90,000. They were sold to Patrick T. Jackson, in 1835, for 
$115,000. He paid for the Greene estate $160,000 ; for the Lloyd 
or Jekyll estate, S42,000 ; for the Bordman estate, on Somerset 
street, S20.000 ; for the Bartlett or Lawrence estate, on Somerset 
street, S34.205. These different purchases, with the expenses of 
grading, etc., must have exceeded $400,000, — a speculation at that 
time of unexampled magnitude. We, however, have lived to see a 
sivgle individual (President Quincy), at the advanced age of more 
than 80 years, undertake with characteristic energy, and carr}' 
through to a most successful conclusion, a private enterprise, in 
which, however, he engaged solely from the most public-spirited 
motives, which involved at the outset, as the first cost of the land, 
an expenditure of $561,000, upon which land he has erected 
various elegant warehouses, thus far surpassing all the associated 
enterprises of the capitalists who, through the agency of Mr. Jack- 
son, bought and laid out Pemberton square.'* 

Gleaner. 

»* The reference is to Josiah Quincy, the earlier mayor of the name. Ue was the 
originator of the plan by which the great market was built, and the city became the 
owner of a wharf at the end thereof. When it was decided to sell this wharf, Mr. Quincy 
remonstrated inetfectually. He believed in its prospective value, and most unexpectedly, 
as he said, he became its purchaser at auction, tempted thereto by the low price. He 
offered it back to the city at cost the next daj', but the offer was declined. It is believed 
that the profit proved equal to his expectations. Mayor Quincy died July 1, 1864, aged 
92 years. — W.H.W. 



" Gleaner " Articles. 95 



XXXIII. 

THE HOUSES OF REV. JOHN OXENBRIDGE AND 
ELDER JAMES PENN. 

August 24, 1855. 

Mr. Editor: — Leaving the homestead of Peter Faneuil, on 
which every Bostonian must look with interest, we come next to 
the Pavilion and the Albion, or the estates at the corner of Tre- 
mont row and Beacon street. John Coggan, in 165<S, died seized 
of an orchard in Tremont street, measuring 7(5 feet in front, 69 feet 
8 inches in the rear, bounded north on Richard Bellingham or 
Faneuil 322 feet, and south on James Penn, the ruling elder. [It 
is under this will that Harvard College acquired a tract of marsh 
in Chelsea, known as Coggan's marsh for 1 75 years, and finally 
sold, I believe, to Dr. Edward H. Robbins] In his inventory 
this oi'chard is appraised at £30. Coggan's executrix sold to 
Joshua Scotto, 1659 (L. 3, f. 347), and he to Col. Samuel Shrimp- 
ton, 1670 (L. 6, f. 214). Shrimpton owned Noddle's island. He 
and his wife, Elizabeth, conveyed to John Oxenbridge, 1671 (L. 6, 
f. 275), " all that orchard and garden which I lately bought of Mr. 
Scotto, and which he bought of Mr. Coggan's executrix, with a 
dwelling-house thereon, built by said Scotto, bounded on James 
Penn south, Richard Bellingham north, James Davis west, and the 
street east, containing half an acre (with a gore of land bought of 
Elder Penn by said Scott) ." After a deed and reconveyance, 1672, 
1673 (L. 7, f. 334; L. 8, f. 238), Rev. John Oxenbridge, pastor 
of the First Church, died seized, and by will proved, January 9, 
1674, devised to his daughter Bathshua, wife of Richard Scott, 
and on certain contingencies to the First Church. 

The inventory values this dwelling-house, orchard, and garden, 
at £550. Another daughter, Theodora, married Peter Thacher. 
Humphrey Davy, as attorney of Scott and wife, conveyed to said 
Peter, 1683 (L. 12, f. 356), and certain children of said Peter re- 
lease to him, 1706-7 (L. 34, f. 218), as bounded east on the back 
street leading from Prison lane to the Common. In 1707 it was 
conveyed to Samuel Myles (L. 24, f. 98), who sold to George 
Cradock, 1728 (L. 42, f. 284), and he to John Jeffries, 1733 (L. 



96 City Document No. 105. 

47, f. 302), who devised the same in tail to Dr. John Jeffries, son 
of David Jeffries, under whom the title came to Samuel Eliot. Dr. 
Jeffries, besides his more substantial professional reputation, ac- 
quired much celebrity by ascending in a balloon. This tract came 
within a very few feet of Somerset street, and embraced the 
Pavilion Hotel and the court and hall adjoining and behind it; 
also the rear moiety of John L. Gardner's estate on Beacon street, 
and most of the rear moiety of the club-house estate adjoining. 

James Penn, the ruling elder, owned, at least as early as 1658, 
the corner lot, measuring 70 feet on Tremont street, and bounded 
south on Beacon street. The west boundary was on James Davis. 
Now the fee of Somerset street and land west of it, and also a small 
gore east of it, are conveyed, in 1677, by Mrs. Davis, to her son- 
in-law, John Wing, as bounded east in part on Davie, t.e., the 
Phillips estate, and in part on James Allen. James Penn, by will 
dated in 1671, devised to said Allen '' an enlargement of his 
ground to the pear tree," so that Allen must have acquired part of 
Penn's land before that date. Penn devised to his kinsman, Col. 
Penn Townsend, his "dwelling-house aud land," extending from 
Tremont street 150 feet on Beacon street, to Allen's laud. Town- 
send's executor sells, 1750, to Samuel Sturgis (L. 84, f. 8), and 
after passing through John Erving, Jr., Gilbert Deblois, Nathaniel 
Coffin, and John Amory, the premises came to Samuel Eliot, and 
were for many years his well-known mansion-house estate. It em- 
braced the Albion and the block of brick houses west of it. The 
deed to Sturgis bounds south on the lane leading to the Almshouse. 
Rather an humble original designation, by the way, for what is now 
the first street in Boston ! ^^ 

llev. James Allen, by his deed of settlement, in 1706, and his 
will in 1710, so often referred to, vests in his son Jeremiah " all that 
mansion-house aud land wherein I now dwell, bounded south on 
the street leading towards the Common, east on Penn Townsend 
and on Peter Thacher, north on said Thacher, and west on Thomp- 
son." On Jeremiah's death, in 1741, the same was settled by indent- 
ure, in 1747, on his son Jeremiah (L. 77, f. 79), who died in 1755, 
leaving several children. Among them were James (on whom it was 
settled in 1784 as " a stone house and land belonging to it, situate in 
street, £550 — Prob. Records, 83, f. 551), and Jeremiah, 

** The Almshouse was on the corner of Park street and Beacon street, the latter beinjf 
of course the " lane leading to " it. The Granai-y occupied nearly the whole side of 
Park street, and the town lot butting on the graveyard reached as far as the Athenaei'm 
lot. — W. H. W. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 97 

well-known as high sheriff of the county, who bought the same of 
his brother, 1789, 133 feet on Beacon street (Suffolk, 193, f. 142). 
Sheriff Allen died in 1809, and the celebrated law case, " Exparte 
Allen " (as to period of time within which courts will grant license 
to sell real estate of deceased persons), had its origin in this 
locality. This stone house was a very remarkable edifice in its 
day. It embraced the front land of Mr. Gardner's house and of 
the club-house. 

The late David Hinkley, in 1810, became purchaser of all this 
Allen land, excluding a gore sold oft' to Mr. Eliot, and including 
the rear lands which had been bought of Eliot. He tore down the 
stone house, purchased new stone, imported glass, etc. But the 
war comiug ou, an entire stop was for a time put to his arrange- 
ments for building. After the war he proceeded to erect the present 
double stone mansion. Having charged on his books SlOO,000, he 
carried the remaining items of their cost to profit and loss. It was 
conjectured that each house and land cost him not less than $75,000. 
The easterly of these houses was sold In 1820, for S40,000 ; in 
1827, for $30,500, and in 1828, for $29,000, at which price it was 
purchased by Joseph Peabody, Esq., of Salem, as a residence for 
Mrs. Gardner. 

The westerly house was occupied by Mr. Hinkley during life, and 
afterwards was owned and occupied by the late Beujamin W. 
Crowniushield until his death, when it became the club-house, so 
well known to "Young America" for its elegant appointments ; 
or, as deserted wives sitting at home might prefer to call them, its 
seductive attractions.''^ 

Often as I walk along Tremont row, the din of travel is hushed, 
the ga)^ and bustling tliroug disappears ; I am again among the 
days of old, in that quiet " back streete leading from Prison lane," 
which meets the " lane that leads to the almshouse." On the one 
side of me are those beautiful enclosures of orchard and garden — 
the homes of Cotton, Davenport, Oxenhridge, and Penn ; while, on 
the other side (then as now) , I behold the silent burial-place where 
those three faithful pastors were at last laid side by side together. 
There teas not then a lovelier spot within the limits of Boston. 
There is not one more hallowed by the memories of those who, in 
their day and generation, were its noblest citizens. Gleaner. 

"« Since then, as is well known, this club-house has been sold, and is now the head- 
quarters of a tlourishing religious association. The Somerset club, with an enlarged 
list of members, has obtained another and equally famous " stone house," the former 
residence of Hon. David Sears, on Beacon street. — W. H. W. 



98 City Document No. 105. 

P.S. — In meeting again the Thacher family, I would remark, 
that in a late article^' I suggested that Mrs. Margaret Thacher, 
buried in King's Chapel buryiug-ground, in 1693, appeared by a 
deed in 1708, to be a tenant of a lot " one rodd square," on Copps 
hill. My friend George M. Thacher, Esq., disturbed at the idea 
that this lady had such a troubled conscience as not to have lain 
quietly in her grave, at my suggestion examined the deed referred 
to, and finds there, Mary instead of Margaret. This mistake of 
transcribing must have been from the fact that my mind reverted 
to one who was a distinguished person in her day, thus slighting 
another as to whom I was, and am "a know-nothing." Like 
General Jackson, I honestly assumed the responsibility o^ removing 
the deposits. Events proved him to have been in the right, and me 
to be in the wrong. G. 

viAnU, p. 46.— W. H. W. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 99 



XXXIV. 

JAMES DAVIS'S OR MAJOR THOMPSON'S TWO-ACRE 

PASTURE. 

August 25, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — Tearing myself away reluctantly from the club 
house, we will walk into James Davis's two-acre pasture, adjoining. 
We find that Johannah Davis, his widow, conveyed to her son, 
John Wing, 1677 (Suff., 10, f. 218), "all that parcel of ground, 
containing two acres, near Century hill, bounded west on John 
Fairweather, north on land late in the tenure of Mr. Cotton, or his 
assigns, east on Mr. Humphrie Davie and Mr. James Allen (i.e., 
the club-house, etc.) . This pasture was of a most peculiar triangular 
shape. Its front on Beacon street was only 13^ feet. The west 
line was 279 feet, and in the rear it widened to 295 feet. It ex- 
tended back within two or three feet of Asliburton place. This 
north line reached 163 feet east of Somerset street, and 3'et 
Somerset street, as now laid out, actually cuts off half of what little 
front the pasture originally had, leaving only a width of 5 feet on 
Beacon street, west of Somerset street. 

John Wing mortgaged the same (with other lands) to John 
Richards, wlio is known as the worshipful John Richards, perhaps 
because he ivas Treasurer of Harvard College. This mortgage was 
made to him in 1677, as attorney of Major Robert Thompson 
(Suff., 10, f. 219). Thus we get at once among the " Upper Ten." 
Major Robert Thompson always resided in England. It appears 
that he had a son Joseph, of Hackney, who had a son Joseph, of the 
Inner Temple, London, who was ancestor of William Thompson, 
of Eltsham. These lands, with various others ^^ of great value, seem 
to have been entailed by the "major," and to have been so inherited 
for eighty years. In 1758, proceedings were had to bar the entail 
(L. 93, f. 125), and the various estates were then conveyed in fee 
simple. This pasture was purchased by Joseph Sherburne, in 1759 

" Among these lands were the Thompson fai-m, in Chelsea, and the building 
called " Boston Building, " or, later, " Brazer's Building, " on State street. See the 
Old State-House Memorial, page 25. — W. H. W. 



100 City Document No. 105. 

(Suff., 93, f. 193), who sold off a gore to William Vassall (the 
predecessor of Mr. Greene), in 1768 (L. 118, f. 170). After his 
decease the premises became the propert}' of Jerathmiel Bowers, 
who, dying in Bristol County, transmitted the same to his son John 
Bowers. We have before seen that John Bowers bought all the 
lands north of Mr. Cotton's, and he thus acquired all the lands 
south of Mr. Cotton's and opened Somerset street through his 
estates, both from Howard and from Beacon streets, the street 
being extended by the town across Jeffrey's or Cotton's intervening 
land. 

Under this title are derived the two estates on the east side of 
Somerset street, which were included in the Pemberton square 
speculation, also a triangular gore of the club-house estate, while 
on the west side of the street it includes most of the Church estate, 
and of the houses on Ashburton place north of it, and also a narrow 
portion of the liouses south of it. Of the two lots east of Somerset 
street, the southerly one, 120 feet 8 inches wide, is traced through 
Bowers and Dr. Thomas Bartlett, to John Hubbard, in 1817, and 
from him, in 1834, to Abbott Lawrence, who conveyed to Patrick T. 
Jackson . The north lot, 50 feet wide on the street, is traced through 
Bowers, Isaac Rand, Jr., James Lloyd, Jr., Asa Hammond, and 
Robert Turner, to William H. Bordman, in 1814, who died seized 
in 1826, and whose heirs conveyed to Mr. Jackson in 1835. This 
house is doubtless well remembered by many besides myself, as 
the scene of the agreeable weekly receptions of our accomplished 
townswoman, Mrs. H. G. Otis. 

Through the southerly of these two lots is laid out the present 
outlet from Pemberton square into Somerset street, the portion 
south of that avenue being purchased by the late Mr. Crowninshield, 
as an addition to his estate on Beacon street. 

Mr. Jackson became also the purchaser of the rear part of the 
lands at the north end of Pemberton square, on which he erected a 
large and elegant dwelling-house, for his own occupation, now be- 
longing to John A. Lowell, Esq.^® The view from the north win- 
dows of this mansion is, I think, the finest in the city. Mr. Jackson 
after this sale resided in a much smaller house on the east side of 
the square, and at his death owned and occupied that on the west 
side, now belonging to Joseph Coolidge, Esq. 

Sixty-eight first-class brick dwelling-houses and stores were 
erected on Pemberton square and the streets adjoining, and thus 

*" This house was turned into offices some ten years ago, and in 1882 was leased by 
the city to be occupied as the head-quarters of the Police Department. — W. H. W. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 101 

the taxable property of the city was greatly increased. We have 
got the " almighty dollar" instead of a natural eminence with its 
terraces or " hangings" (as thej^ are called in the deeds), which, 
like the Boston Common, was a daiU-- gratification to our 
citizens, and on which strangers stopped to gaze with admiration 
and delight. 

Mr. Lawrence was one of Mr. Jackson's associates in this enter- 
prise. And, in bidding a final adieu to this locality, I cannot for- 
bear to acknowledge my deep professional indebtedness to the early 
and long-continued patronage of them both. And among the 
dearest treasures of memory will be the consciousness that I have 
always enjoyed the personal friendship alike of him who was 
so suddenly withdrawn from us, in the midst of his usefulness, 
several years since, and of him upon whom the grave has just 
closed amid the regrets of our community and of the nation. 

Gleaner. 



102 City Document No. 105. 



XXXV. 

HAD MADAM HALEY A DAUGHTER? 

August 27, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — My friend " Sigma " caught me tripping a day 
or two since, in the opinion that Patrick Jeffrey was a brother of 
the Scotch Reviewer, and he proceeded to narrate so beautiful an 
episode of the filial conduct of a daughter of Mrs. Jeffrey (by her 
first husband, Alderman Haley), that I felt really glad of ray mis- 
take. There is a little maxim, however, very much acted upon in 
life, called " Tit for tat," and I must confess that T take no slight 
satisfaction, malicious though it be, in disclosing some important 
inaccuracies in the story which he has told so well. 

Dr. Samuel Brown, who received a prize for an essay on yellow 
fever in 1799 or 1800, did not marry a daughter of Mrs. Patrick 
Jeffrey. He married Nancy Jeffries, the daughter of Dr. John 
Jeffries^ by a first marriage. This marriage was opposed indeed, 
woi, however, by Madam Haley, or Mrs. Jeffrey, but by the bride's 
step-mother, Mrs. Jeffries. Dr. Brown and his wife did not go to 
England, and of course he did not get into successful practice in 
London. On the contrary, being afflicted with what was called a 
fever sore, his leg was amputated a few years after his marriage, and 
the operation proved fatal in a short time. His beautiful but unfor- 
tunate wife did not long survive him. They left two daughters, 
who were adopted by Mrs. Stone, of Windsor, Vermont, a sister 
of Dr. Brown. In that town these two ladies still reside, the one 
single, the other married. Dr. Brown was one of the earliest con- 
verts to Swedenborgianism in Boston. 

It is possible that Madam Haley had a daughter who married 
some other "Brown," and that they behaved in the exemplary 
manner so touchingly described by "Sigma." His anecdote is too 
good not to be true.* Gleaner. 

•"TIT FOR TAT." 

August 29, 1855. 

Mt Dear " Gleaker " : — This is all veiy fine. But there is another sayincj, which 
both of us might well wear for a phylactery — " rams' horns if I die for it." The tenor 



** Gleaner" Articles. 103 

of your brief notice would lead one to suppose that / also had a *• malicious satisflic- 
tion " in having " caught " you " tripping." Not at all. You were desirous of being 
historically accurate; and I supposed you would be pleased to be set right, even in a 
matter of trivial importance, and, in return for my kindness, you avow that you have 
a " malicious satisfaction " in pointing out the errors of my story ! Well, I do believe 
the devil is in everybody. 

Now, dear "Gleaner," it is cruel of you to interfere with me, when I try to be 
pathetic, wlio never interfere with you, when you labor so very hard to be facetious ! 
Eht you have spoiled my story ; and you know, I dare say, how much easier it is to 
mar an interesting tale than to make one. 

In the outset I stated, very courteously, that you were mistaken in your " opinion " 
that Patrick JeiFrey was the brother of the Scotch reviewer. You admitted your error ; 
but, by way of rams' horns, appended the remark, that you only stated as your " belief." 
Subtle this, rather, — your " belief," but not your " opinion"/ 

Now, what have I done ? I have put nothing forth as "Historical." I have recited 
a narrative which I heard many years ago ; which I certainly believed to be true, and 
of which I simply said I supposed it might be relied on. If j'ou are right in your state- 
ments, and I dare say you are, the combinations of my tale clearly resemble some which 
may be found on the pages of heathen mythology ; and aU I can say is, that, since j'ou 
own that J'OU have enjoyed so much " malicious satisfaction" in breaking it up, you 
are welcome to the pieces. 

In another article of yours, my dear " Gleaner," you allude to a slight mistake 
which you made between the names of Mary and Margaret. I was reminded, by this 
misnomer, of an inscription which! read, in 1849, upon a marble monument, in Nor- 
folk, Virginia. It was rather an expensive concern, and erected over the grave of the 
wife of Captain Kennedy, of the United States Navy. After stating the name, age, 
relation, time of departure, etc., of the deceased, at the bottom were the words, 
" Erratum, for Margaret read Martha." I am not quite sure as to both of these names, 
but well remember the erratum, the first I fancy, that ever figured, eo nomine, on a 
gravestone. 

Yours truly, 

Sigma. 



104 City Document No. 105. 



XXXVI. 

ROBERT TURNER'S GREAT PASTURE ON BEACON 
STREET AND HILL. 

August 28, 1S55. 

Mr. Editor : — Leaving " Major " Thompson's triangular past- 
ure, we come upon an extremely large estate of Robert Turner, 
which must have extended on Beacon street from a point five feet 
west of Somerset street to and behind the State-House land, to a 
point 19 feet east of Hancock street. In tracing the Cambridge 
street pastures of Middlecott, etc., we find that they bound south 
on Turner. 

William Pell, in 1G55, sells to Robert Turner (Suff., L. 2, f. 154) 
IJ- acres of land between said Robert's land east, said Robert's 
land and land of Thomas Millard south, Jabez Heaton west, and 
Jeremiah Houchin north. [Ilouchin owned Middlecott's pasture, 
through the centre of which runs Bowdoin street.] Jabez Heaton, 
in 1655, sells to said Turner (Suffolk, L. 2, f.l53) 1^ acres in Centery 
Hill, between the land of said Robert east and south, the land of 
Millard south, the land of Edward Hutchinson, Senior, weat, the 
land of Joshua Scottow north, and Jeremiah Ilouchin north. 
[Scottow owned the pasture east of Hancock street.] John 
Leverett, in 1 6G3, conveys to said Turner (Suffolk, L. 9, f, 308) one 
acre of land in the new field bounded on land late of Nathaniel 
Eaton east, on Thomas Millard south, on Bosworth west, and on 
Scotto north. Nathaniel Eaton married Elizabeth, widow of Wil- 
liam Pell. [Bosworth owned 5 acres, the easterly moiety of which, 
extending from 77 feet west of Belknap street to 19 feet east of 
Hancock street, he sold to Cooke.] 

We thus get four acres into Robert Turner, the deed in 1658 
bounded in part on land already his. The other southerly abutter, 
named in the foregoing deeds, Thomas Millard^ is the source of 
title to the State House and land west of it, so that the land already 
Robert Turner's must have been the whole front part of the land 
on Beacon street to the State House. It is, therefore, not 
unlikely that Turner may have owned in all as much as eight 
acres. 



** Gleaner" Articles. 105 

He died in 1664, and his will contains various devises to bis 
children. To Joseph he gives a parcel of ground on the Centmy 
Hill, to be in breadth at the front 3 rods, and lie next to my son 
John's division, and to run through up to Mr. Houchin's {i.e., 
Middlecott pasture). Also to my son Fairweather a house and 
land on Centurie Hill, " formerly delivered into his possession"; 
also a strip of ground about 3 rods in breadth adjoining to Mr. 
L^-ne's {i.e., Lynde or Bulfinch's pasture). 

My will is that Epliraim shall have a share at Center Hill next 
to my son Fayerweather, to be 4 rods broad at the (groat ?) and 
run through with other divisions. Also to John he gives " a por- 
tion next to Ephraim's 3 rods broad equal to Joseph's." He then 
gives certain legacies to be paid out of the rents or sales of the 
Center Hill and other lands. The inventory mentions the house 
confirmed to Fairweather and land, £200. The new frame and all 
the land at Century Hill, £200. 

Penelope, executrix of Robert Turner, in 1666, conveyed to said 
Epliraim (Lib. 5, f . 188) ^ of an acre, bounded south-easterly on the 
highway to the Common (i.e.. Beacon street), north-west on Jere- 
miah llouchin ( i.e. , Middlecott pasture) , north-easton said Ephraim, 
south-west on John Turner. She also conveyed to said Epliraim, in 
1667 (Lib. 5, f. 40) , another | of an acre, bounded south-easterly on 
the highway to the Training place (i.e.. Beacon street), south-west 
[north-west] on said Houchin, and on Joshua Scottow [who owned 
the 4 -acre pasture west of Middlecott' s], north-east on said 
Ephraira, south-west on Joseph Turner. In this deed are recited 
the devises in the will of her husband, and it is stated that this 
conveyance is an enlargement of Ephraim's portion, and that the 
alterations made by her deeds to the children were such as tended 
to the satisfaction of all the brethren. [Her deeds, numerous and 
complicated as they are, have certainly not proved equally satisfac- 
tory to posterity.] She conveyed to her son Joseph, 1670 (Lib. 6, 
f. 200), all that division that lyeth next the hill, as now divided ; 
bounded with the Common, south, 5 rods and 6 feet ; on John Tur- 
ner, 31 rods and 5^ feet ; on Jere. Houchin's pasture, north, 4 rods 
and 3 feet, and on said John Turner, east, 29J- rods and 3 feet, 
with a new dwelling-house on it — and said Joseph conveyed to said 
John, 1671 (Lib. 7, f. 313), about half an acre, bounded north on 
Houchin, deceased ; south on my land, bordering on Centery hill, 
west, and on said John, east. Said Penelope conveyed to said 
John, 1670 (Lib. 6, f. 206), 2 acres of land at Centi'e hill, bounded 
on Joseph Turner, east ; on Richard Cook, west [i.e., a line 19 feet 



106 City DocmiENX No. 105. 

east of Hancock street], Joshua Scottow, north, and Thomas 
Millard, south, with a parcel of land ^ a rod broad and 30 rods 
long, bounded east on said John, west on said Joseph, north on 
Scottow, south on the Common, bordering also on the highway going 
up to the top of the hill, on the top of which hill lyeth a parcel of land 
belonging to the town of Boston, i.e., 6 rods square. Ephraim Tur- 
ner conveyed to John Fairiceather , 1681 (Lib. 13, f. 450), all my 
parcels of land at Beacon Hill, between the land of said Fairweather 
and my brother John Turner. 

The result is, that John Fairweather, by devise and conveyances, 
gets some large portions of this estate, the easterly of which 
measured, as we shall find, about 260 feet on Beacon street, by 490 
feet in depth. 

In conclusion, I feel that I owe an apology for the unrelieved 
dulness of this article, and trust that my next may prove more 
lively and interesting. In the meanwhile, as an antidote, buy and 
read " Sidney Smith's Life." 

Gleaneb. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 107 



OUR GREAT MEN OF 100 YEAE6 AGO. 
XXXVIT. 

August 30, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — lu ray last article we leave iu John Fayerweatlier 
(1664-1681), among other lots of his deceased father-in-law, Rob- 
ert Turner, a tract of 260 feet on Beacon street, located 5 feet west 
of Somerset street. We have seen that immediately east of that 
street David Hinckley erected a costly double stone mansion, both 
parts of which have always been occupied by some of our wealthiest 
citizens. In the easterly one, Benjamin Wiggin, brother of the 
London banker, Timothy Wiggin, resided for several years. His 
wife (Miss Fowle, of Watertown), was the most beautiful woman 
of her day. It was in her honor that Robert Treat Paine, the poet, 
offered the sentiment, -The fair of other towns, the Fowle of 
Watertown." The estates west of Somerset street we shall find to 
have belonged to other citizens of the very highest consideration. 

John Fayerweather conveyed, in 1703, the westerly part of his 
land to Jonathan Pollard (L. 21, f. 251), " a lot bounded south on 
the highway to the Common 135 feet, west on Gamaliel Rogers 
(who had succeeded John Turner), 490 feet 8 inches, north on 
Middlecott and Lynde 161 feet, east on Sewall {i.e., Cotton Hill 
estate), 119 feet, south on my homestead, 73 feet, east on the same 
to the highway." Pollard, in 1709 (L. 24, f. 258), sold the same to 
Samuel L^nde (who thus owned through from Cambridge street to 
Beacon street). Lynde, retaining a portion in the rear as an en- 
larcrement of his, aftorwards Bullinch's, pasture, conveyed the 
reJ^due to John Barnes in 1721 (L. 35, f. 189). After various 
deeds and reconveyances, Barnes died seized in 1739, and, m 1746, 
his executors conveyed to William James (L. 72, f. 22) . In 1756, 
it was conveyed by Hon. John Erving to James Bowdoin. Both 
the grantor and grantee were at the very head of the aristocracy of 
Boston 100 years ago. Bowdoin also acquired of Bulfinch a gore 

of land in the rear. 

John Fayerweather died in 1712, seized of the easterly part of 
his land, 124 feet wide on Beacon street, by about 300 feet deep ; 
appraised at £230. The easterly moiety, 62 feet on Beacon street 



108 City Docilment No. 105. 

became vested in William Holberton and wife, 1712-1727, whose 
heirs in 1740 convey to Benjamin Green (L. 02, f. 42). It became 
the property of Joseph Sherburne 1745 (L. 74, f. 143). Sherburne 
owned tlie two-acre pasture east of it, to which this purchase formed 
an addition, giving him in all 67 feet on Beacon street. The title 
is derived from him through .Jerathmeel Bowers and his son John, 
to David Sears, 1803, and, having been for many years his man- 
sion-house estate, is now covered by two elegant and costly brick 
dwelling-houses, erected by his son and heir, lion. David Sears, 
so well-known as one of our most wealthy and public-spirited 
citizens."" 

The westerly moiety (02 feet on Beacon street) was conveyed to 
Samuel Sewall, in 1731 (L. 40, f. 7), who failed in 1742, when it 
became the property of Edward Bromfield (L. 6.5, f. 104), whose 
executors, in 1763, conveyed the same to WiJliam Phillips (L. 99, 
f. 210). He died seized, in 1804, devising to his son William, on 
whose death, in 1827, it became the property of a grandson. It is 
under this title that the Freeman Place Chapel and the two houses 
in front of it are held. All these successive owners have been 
among the Grst families in our city. 

The Bowdoin estate is one of great interest and importance, and 
will be hereafter separately noticed. The houses of Lieut. Gov- 
ernor Phillips and of Governor Bowdoin were both placed back 
from the street, being approached b}' a high flight of stone steps. 
At a dinner party once given by the latter a rain occurred, and the 
weather becoming cold the steps were found to be entirely covered 
with ice. Under any circumstances there would have been almost 
a certainty that life or limb would be put in jeopardy by an attempt 
to walk down; and the guests had probably done justice to the 
generous wines of their host, — a circumstance which tended to in- 
crease the difficulty. At last they all concluded to sit dmcn on the 
upper step, and so hitch along from step to step in a perfectly safe, 
though, it must be confessed, in a somewhat ungraceful manner. 
Probablv, indeed, there never was an occasion where so many of 
our first citizens voluntarily took such low seats ; or where the 
dignity of small clothes, silk stockings, and cocked hats was 
sacrificed to necessity' or expediency in a more amusing manner. 

Gleaner. 

"Hon. David Sears died Januaiy 14, 1871, aged 83 years. 



"Gleaner" Articles, 109 



XXXVIII. 

THE NICETIES OF LAW. 

August 31, 1855. 

Mr. Editor: — In this country, when a very complicated affair 
is spoken of, it is said that " it would puzzle a Philadelphia lawyer." 
I am inclined, however, to doubt the justice of the compliment — 
if it be one — which is here implied. In sound legal attainments 
and exact logical acumen the late Jeremiah Mason has, I think, 
never been surpassed. And when professional chicanery was to be- 
resisted, no one could wield more effectually than he, in the cause 
of truth and justice, the most subtle contrivances of the law. "We 
learn tliat in tlie middle ages schoolmen debated whether two or 
more spirits could stand on the point of a needle. The affirmative 
of this proposition is abundantly proved ever}' day among us, as a 
practical matter, in legal decisions respecting our estates and 
property. In a recent article I alluded to two adjudications, both 
of them good law ; one that if a line runs by Mr. A's wharf, and 
thence to low-water mark, it must be straight throughout, because 
no change of course is indicated. In the other, a line running by 
Mr. A's wharf and flats to low-water mark was held not to be a 
straight line, although one express course was prescribed through- 
out its whole extent. 

In 5 Pickering's reports, 528, Ilayden vs. Stoughton, it was 
decided, under a will proved in 1806, that a devise to a town for 
the purpose of building a school-house was a devise on condition 
that the estate vested accordingly in the town, and that on a sub- 
sequent breach of condition the estate passed to the residuary 
devisee^ and not to the heir, there being an interest in the testator 
not specifically devised, depending on the performance or non- 
performance of the condition. The Court adopt as good law an 
English decision of Chief Justice Willes, confirmed in a subsequent 
case of Doe vs. Scott, and they thus state the rule, viz. : " That 
if the testator has not given awav all his interest m the land, so 
that if he were to die immediately, something would remain undis- 
posed of, it is to be presumed that he intended to give the remainder 
in such lands to the residuary devisee." And Judge Putnam says : 



110 City DocumExNT No. 105. 

" It is clear that the testator did not dispose of his whole interest 
to the inhabitants. The inhabitants might not choose to perform 
the condition, and so might forfeit their interest. The testator 
might have limited over that interest specially, i.e., he might have 
made a further specific devise of it to some one else on breach of 
condition. If he had done so there can be no doubt that it would 
have been a good limitation of his remaining interest. He made 
no limitation over. The inhabitants became seized of the fee- 
simple conditional, and the contingent interest not otherwise dis- 
posed of was disposed of by the residuary clause." 

In 21 Pick. Rep., 21"), Austin vs. Cambridgeport, a testator 
had by deed granted an estate on condition that it should always be 
used for church purposes, and then died, and by will, proved in 
1819, devised one-fourth of all his remaining estate to his widow. 
A breach of condition occurred in 1833. She sued and recovered 
the estate thus devised to her. The Court cite with approval this 
earlier case, and remark that the right of the testator was '• a con- 
tingent possible estate." They then add : " That such an interest 
is devisable in England, seems well established by the ease of Jones 
vs. Roe, 3 T. R., and the cases there cited. Chancellor Kent 
states the rule to be that all contingent possible estates are devis- 
able," etc. And accordingly they say: "It is a contingent 
interest in the testator, not disposed of by any other part of the 
will, and therefore falls within the residuary clause disposing of all 
the estate not before devised." 

But in the Brattle-street parsonage case, just decided, Mrs. Lydia 
Hancock, by will proved in 1777, devises her mansion-house estate 
on condition that it should always be occupied as a parsonage. On 
breach of sucii condition she directs that it shall " revert to her 
estate" and proceeds specially to devise the same over to Governor 
Hancock, and also makes him her general residuary devisee. To 
me this case appears (to use an elegant expression) to run on all 
fours with those above alluded to, yet the Court decide (as elabo- 
rately reported in the newspapers) , that such a devise over is too 
remote, and therefore void in law ; that nothing passes to such 
devisee, and that such limitation over being too remote and void, 
carries (he condition with it, and thus the church gets the absolute 
title free of all condition. How these decisions can stand together 
is to me inexphcable, unless they had been put upon the special 
construction of the particular statutes of devises in force at the 
different periods, when the testator died, which seems to be ex- 



"Gleaner" Articxes. Ill 

pressly negatived by the approving quotations of the general 
doctrines of the English law and of Chancellor Kent. 

Further, there is a legal maxim, that " surplusage does not 
vitiate " ; and another that the law aims rather to preserve tJian 
destroy^ and acts on the Latin adage " wi magis valeat quam 
pereat." Now, observe how beautiful an application of these rules 
is made in this last decision ! A testator makes a devise which is 
void or a nullity. The rule respecting surplusage would, at least, 
one would suppose, prevent its having an}' noxious effect. But not 
so. Had the testator not undertaken to make this void devise, his 
heir-at-hno would have an unquestionable right to recover the estate 
on breach of condition ; but the mere nugatory attempt to devise it 
away from the heir-at-law is construed not so as to preserve his 
right, but, on the contrary, is held to destroy it. Perhaps even 
the mere making of a residuary devise (unavoidable though it 
seems to be) would be equally fatal. The only rule, indeed, prac- 
tically illustrated by this decision is the Scripture one, "To him 
that hath shall be given." In other words, to the church to whom 
the testatrix meant to give only a qualified interest^ the law has given 
the loholc. 

It is undoubtedly true (hat if an absolute fee-simple estate is de- 
vised to one, and on a certain contingenc}' the same estate is de- 
vised to another, such executory devise over must be upon a 
contingency to happen within a limited time (a life or lives in being 
and 21 years, etc., after), otherwise it ivillbe too remote and void. 
On the other hand, a conditional fee-simple may be granted or 

"THE NICETIES OF LAW" — AGAIN. 

September 3, 1855. 

Mk. Editor: — The case of the proprietors of the church on Brattle square vs. 
Moses Grant et al., which your correspondent, " Gleaner," favored with a notice in your 
paper of last Fridaj', under the appellation of the " Brattle Street Parsonage Case," 
and the decision which, unfortunately, fails to receive his approval, was argued before 
the Supreme Court in March, 1853. The opinion, " as elaborately reported in the 
newspapers," was printed from the original manuscript of Judge Bigelow, and may, 
therefore, be considered as authentic. The reasoning of " Gleaner " upon the law, as 
stated by him, although plausible, shows to one who understands the case that he 
neither comprehends the principles of the cases on which he comments, nor the de- 
cisions which he condemns ; but as the estate is shoi'tly to be sold, and his public de- 
nunciation of the " opinion " may possibly have an injurious effect upon the sale, it is 
proper, perhaps, to make a slight effort towards the reestablishment of the Supreme 
Court in the good estimation of the community, now so seriously shaken by two as- 
saults from " Gleaner. " 

The case of the parsonage received during the two yeai's it was under advisement 
the special attention of each judge, as well as their united consideration in frequent 



112 City Document No. 105. 

devised, and whenever {at Jiowever remote a period) the condition 
is broken, the heirs-at-law (or devisees as it would seem) may re- 
cover back the estate as being an interest remaining in the testator 
or ancestor. Such, at least, I think, was the belief of the profes- 
sion, and the doctrine of our courts, prior to the Brattle-street 
parsonage case. In view of the directly opposite results arrived at 
under circumstances seemingly identical, it must be confessed that 
the laws of the land, upon which our dearest rights of person ami 
property depend, are composed of filaments of the most gossamer 
fineness. These remarks are preliminary to some account of the 
Bowdoin estate, which presented a most conspicuous legal battle- 
field about a dozen years ago. 

' Gleaner. 

consultation. There was no disagreement amongst the Court upon the final result. 
Neither the Chief Justice, whose service on the Bench I'or more than twenty-five years 
has so established his judicial reputation, both at home and abroad, for profound and 
accurate knowledge, that neither the " highest living authority on estates," nor 
any other authority, can shalce it, nor that member of the Court whose deep knowledge 
of the principles and doctrines of the common law was well established while " Gleaner " 
was using up his gleanings " to pay familj' expenses," nor either of the other four 
able lawyers who compose the Court, and who have increased upon the bench the repu- 
tation they brought with them from the bar, dissented from the principles or result of 
that decision. It is, therefore, submitted to the public that the decision of the Court is 
at least as likely to be correct as that pronounced against it in the article alluded to. 
In many matters connected with estates the authority of "Gleaner," it may be admit- 
ted, is conclusive. But when a title depends upon the construction of a deed, as in 
Curtis vs. Francis, or upon principles of the common law not the subject of frequent 
investigations, as in the Brattle-street case, there is not much hazard of error in assum- 
ing that the Supreme Court of Massachusetts may be correct in the law which they de- 
clare — especially as they carry into the decision of a case no pride of opinion upon a 
preconceived theory. Z. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 113 



XXXIX. 

THE BOWDOIN ESTATE. 

September 3, lSo5. 

Mr. Editor : — There has never been in our city a better battle- 
field for legal ingenuity than the Bowdoin estate. I have men- 
tioned that John Erving, in 175G, conveyed to James Bowdoin. 
In order not to facilitate too much the business of conveyancing, I 
will not state where the deed is recorded. Several hours may be 
prorital)ly spent in looking for it, and several hoars more will, I 
think, be required for finding the deed to Mr. Erving. The deed 
to Bowdoin conveyed a lot 137 feet on Beacon street, bounded 
west on land late of widow Rogers, now of John Spooner, 4'JO feet, 
etc. It also included the lower lot of Middlecott's pasture, bounded 
west on Middlecott or Bowdoin street 78 feet. Dr. Bulflnch 
conveyed to Mr. Bowdoin a gore of land in 1772, for the record of 
which a like long search may be instituted. The main lot was 
bounded on the westerly line about 40 feet east of Bowdoin street. 

Governor Bowdoin died in 1790, devising to his widow for life, 
with remainder to hia son, James Bowdoin, who purchased of D. 
D. Rogers (18C3-1807, L. 20G, f. 2G1 : L. 219. f. 226), two strips 
of land, the north one measuring 156 feet, and the southerly- one 
110 feet, on Bowdoin street. After which his land bounded south 
on Beacon street 177 feet 6 inches west on Bowdoin street, 110 
feet north on other lots sold off by Rogers, 42 feet west on the 
same, 200 feet, south on the same 40 feet 6 inches, west again on 
Bowdoin street about 257 feet, north in the rear on Samuel Park- 
man's estate at the southerly coruer of AUston street, 90 feet 10 
inches, east on Bulfinch's pasture, and on the Phillips estate to 
Beacon street. The north part of this land is the source of title 
to the block of four houses on Bowdoin street. 

The residue, or his mansion-house estate, he devised, in 1811, to 
his nephew, James Temple Bowdoin, for life, with remainder to his 
issue successively in tail-male. In 1836 conveyances were made 
to bar the entail, and vest the land in said James Temple, for life, 
with remainder to his sou of the same name, in fee-simple. Now, 
James Temple, Senr., was born in London, in 1766, and subse- 
quently naturalized here, and his son was born in Rome, in 1815, 



114 City Document No. 105. 

I have in my volumes copies of elaborate opinions of Mr. Justice 
Jackson, of Mr. Webster, and of the late Wm. C. Aylwin, as to 
the question of alienage — of entail — of conditions of residence in 
this country, annexed to the devise in tail, of the effect of the 
deeds for barring the same, etc. James Bowdoin, a son of the 
late Thomas L. Winthro[i, died without issue. He was the next 
subsequent devisee in tail before the ultimate devise to Boivdohi 
College. And now came the tug of war between James Temple 
Bowdoin, claiming to have barred the entail, and the College deny- 
ing his title in toto. 

An array of learned counsel were employed on each side. Pos- 
session was the important point, as the premises were vacant, and 
accordingly one morning a wooden edifice appeared, the fair}' 
growth of the night, tenanted by an adequate supply of hired men 
to guard its precincts. On a subsequent night it vanished as sum- 
marily as it came, to the great amusement of the public, who en- 
joyed the sport as they would have done a street fight between two 
canine opponents, though this one was conducted with entire good- 
humor and urbanity. At last a compromise was made (1843). 
Joint deeds were given, the College receiving three-tenths of the 
proceeds. This estate embraced six houses on Beacon street, five 
on the south and four on the north side of Ashburton place, and 
also the New Jerusalem Church ; and it may be remarked that resi- 
dents in this neighborhood can within the distance of little more 
than one hundred feet have their choice of four kinds of preaching, 
— Baptist, Scotch Presbyterian, Congregationalist, and Sweden- 
borgian. 

Governor Bowdoin was a man of great ability and firmness, who 
rendered the Commonwealth important service, under very trying 
circumstances. The suppression of Shay's insurrection devolved 
upon him, and of course, in certain quarters, entailed upon him 
much odium. His antagonist, Governor Hancock, was the popu- 
lar idol of the day ; but posterity has, I think, lendered a more 
just and discriminating verdict as totlie relative merit of these two 
chief magistrates. On one occasion they both appeared to advan- 
tage. Governor Bowdoin offered to give his large lot at the corner 
of Tremont Row and Howard street to the Brattle-street Society, 
for the erection of a church. Governor Hancock, and with him a 
majority of the society, decided not to accept the gift. He there- 
upon subscribed £200 for rebuilding on the old site, and Governor 
Hancock gave, besides a bell, the sura of £1,000 towards the same 
object. Gleaner. 



Gleaner" Articles. 115 



XL. 

"CONTEMPT OF COURT." 

September 4, 1S55. 

Mr. Editor: — Your correspondent " Z" seems to regard me 
as quite presuming^ in expressing a doubt of the correctness of 
certain decisions of our Supreme Court. He dwells with much 
emphasis on the indisputable talent and learning of its several 
members, and announces the long period of time which they had 
devoted to the consideration of the case alluded to. Admitting 
that there is a province in which I may legitimately form and 
express an opinion, that might lie entitled to some weight, he yet 
considers that I wholly transcend that province wlien I undertake to 
judge ivhat land is conveyed by a deed, or what title passes by a 
will. I really conceive that with these two deductions there is 
nothing left for a conveyancer, these being the two fundamental 
matters of inquiry involved in every investigation which he is 
called upon to make. 

I deem it the rights — aye, more than that, — the duty of every 
loyal member of the profession fairly and candidly to criticise any 
legal decision wliich he shall think erroneous, from however high 
a tribunal it may emanate ; and although it ma^' happen to be 
founded on a deliberation of two, or even of fifteen, years. I cer- 
tainly yield to no one in respect for the law or its ministers. As 
to the Judge who delivered the opinion specially commented upon 
I will sa}' that I have always felt for him a sincere personal regard, 
— that, although the youngest member of the Court, I think him 
one of the ablest, — and that, considering the decision as emanating 
for them all, I do not believe that the views arrived at could 
possibly have been stated with greater legal precision, clearness, 
or accuracy. It was a master-piece of technical reasoning. 

In the case of Curtis vs. Francis * I conscientiously believe that 

»THE LAW AGAIN. 

Mr. Editor : — " Gleaner " informs us that he shall die in the faith that the case of 
Curtis vs. Francis will be overruled one of these days. I will not inflict onyour readere 
au argument against this opinion of " Gleaner's." Such a discussion would be quite as 



116 City Document No. 105. 

no person ever did read, or ever can read, the deed in question with- 
out the most entire and absolute conviction of the actual intent of 
the grantor to sell, and of the grantee to buy, a tract of land in- 
cluded within parallel straight lines. I believe that such is the 
legal effect of the conveyance, — that (as I have said elsewhere) a 
line is one line, and that a line broken off in the middle, and one 
part detached from the other, is as impossible in the true construc- 
tion of a deed as in a proposition of Euclid. I shall die with un- 
altered convictions on this point. I have, therefore, clearly and 
unequivocally expressed them. This decision, I am pernnaded^ 
ought to be, and eventually will be, overruled. If I know my own 
heart, I should have expressed the like disapproval of it had its 

amusing, and, perhaps, as profitable, as a histoiy of the Cambridge-street pastures. The 
case has not j'ct been reported ; but if " Gleaner's " own statement of the point decided 
is correct, it is very apparent that he will be the solitary martyr to his faith. Why 
" Gleaner " should travel so far out of his path to attack the decision in the Brattle- 
strcct Church case was, at first, mysterious. It is no longer so. 

We remember the old story of a traveller down-east, who, one day, saw a child sitting 
on t je roadside, blubbering over a hay-cart upset in the highway. " Why don't you 
call your father instead of whimpering over your misfortune ? " said the traveller. " I 
would," replied the boy ; " but the of it is, that dad is under the load." 

No one doubts the right of" Gleaner," or any other competent person, " fairly and 
candidly to criticise any legal decision which he shall think erroneous " ; but sarcasm and 
ridicule are unbecoming weapons to use against such a tribunal as the Supreme Co;irt 
of Massachusetts, — especially in criticising a decision where " no labored examination 
of authorities " had been made by the critic, and his knowledge of the case is, by hia 
own confession, exceedingly superficial. 

The opinion of the late Mr. .Justice Hubbard upon the will of Mrs. Hancock, to which 
*' Gleaner " so complacently refers, I have always been informed was not at all upon the 
point of the validity or invalidity of the devise. It was only that the interest of each 
heir, whatever it might bo, was transferable by assignment. This information may be 
erroneous ; but something better than hearsay will be required to prove that " Gleaner " 
is justified in boasting of so illustrious a predecessor. 

It is true that some years since a bill was filed by the deacons of the church, praying 
for leave to sell the parsonage estate, and that the bill was dismissed. " Gleaner's "great 
" respect for the law and its ministers " will be gratified by learning that the dismissal 
of the bill was not predicated " on a directly opposite construction of the will from that 
to which the same Court have now arrived," nor yet upon a mere matter of form. The 
Court thought they had no authority to order a sale of the estate and a reinvestment of 
the pi'oceeds upon the same condition. 

I do not and never did doubt "Gleaner's" paramount authority upon some matters 
connected with estates. But, as I said before, without denying the value of his opinions 
there are other points in conveyancing, as to which, in my verj^ humble judgment, 
the authority of the Supreme Court, it is not impossible, may be full as great, if noj; 
greater than that of their critic. Certain it is that the deliberate opinion of these six 
able judges, who separately and together for two years carefully considered and ihor- 
oughly understood this difficult and important cause, cannot be impaired in public 
estimation by sneers and sarcasms, however distinguished the source whence they 
proceed. In the present instance the " vigor of the critic's bow" by no means equals 
the " venom of his shaft." Z. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 117 

elfect been to put into Mr. Francis's possession an estate of $50,000 
instead of depriving him of it. 

In relation to the Brattle-street parsonage case I had never been 
consulted directly or indirectl}'. I had merely heard that the 
estate was devised on condition. I had formed no " preconceived 
opinion " on the question involved, except, indeed, such as arose 
from the satisfaction which I felt when I learnt how the case had 
been decided. My entire sympathy and good icishes were ivith the 
/Society. But it seemed to me, on reading the decision, that, like 
the other case, it was founded on erroneous application of a sound 
rule of law. I have made no labored examination of authorities. 
I have merely referred to two prior adjudications, and presented 
certain general views which happened to occur to me, as showing 
the nice and iihadov:y distinctions known to the law of the land. I 
had never conversed with any of tlie parties or counsel opposed to 
the Society. I am noio, however, authorized to state that a written 
opinion exists, in their possession, drawn up by the late Mr. Justice 
Hubbard, before he became a member of tiie Bench, which adopts 
the precise construction of this devise, at which I arrived without 
kuowiug that " I was following in the footsteps of so illustrious a 
predecessor." T/iat each of us should have adopted the same 
'■'■ pjlaudble view" is a coincidence by which, I confess, that I feel 
much f/ratifed. 

Still further. Only a few years ago a bill was brought in behalf 
of the same church, for leave to sell this very land. The bill was 
dismissed by a formal decree. The opinion then delivered has 
never been published, and its precise grounds are unknown to me. 
It would seem that it must have been on a directly opposite con- 
struction of the xcill from that to ichich. the same Court have now 
arrived, unless it turned upon some matter of form, which can 
hardly be supposed, as a Court of Equity will always allow any 
amendment in matters of form which will enable them to do jus- 
tice between the parties. 

I had not, of course, the slightest wish or intention of prejudic- 
ing the sale of the estate. I supposed that the rights of all per- 
sons iuterested had been finally and irrevocably fixed l)y a decision 
to Avliich all had been made legally parties, and that the law was, at 
least, well settled as to them and as to this parcel of land, as fully 
as it is in a capital case after the accused has been acquitted or 
executed . 

InfaUibility is the attribute only of the judgment-seat of God. 



118 City Document No. 105. 

Already there exists a large volume devoted to the euumeration of 
" cases doubted and overruled." 

We have no Judge Kane in this latitude. Imprisonment in the 
sacred cause of human freedom, under the odious doctrine of con- 
tempt of Courts — an imprisonment perpetuated by judicial etiquette 
• — lias made the jail of Passmore Williamson the most honorable 
abode in Pennsylvania. The ermine of Mossadiusetts has upon it 
no such spot or blemish. Her judges need no champion — cer- 
tainly not one who resorts to personalities. They may, indeed, 
well challenge the just criticism of the world. Far distant be the 
day when the}' shall feel themselves above listening to the honest 
sentiments of even the humblest citizen! Gleaner. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 119 



XLI. 

CONTEMPT OF COURT. 

September 6, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — In a recent article we have seen that the doctrine 
of contempt of Court, when enforced by an arbitrary and unprin- 
cipled Judge, is as utterly subversive of personal liberty as was the 
Bastile, with its lettres de cachet, in the worst days of the French 
monarchy. But the subject has its comic as well as its serious 
aspect. 

The late Sheriff Henderson and Mr. James Allen, a descendant 
of the Rev. James, were particular friends. On a trial of great 
interest Mr. A. had taken his seat within the bar, and others fol- 
lowed his example, so that the Court ordered it cleared for the 
convenience of the attorneys. The sheriff spoke to Mr. Allen, 
and then returned to his seat. He, however, presuming on his 
acquaintance with the sheriff, did not move, but began making 
knowing grimaces at him, deprecating his farther interference. 
Instead of treating it as a joke, the sheriff exclaimed to the Court, 
" May it please Your Honor, I am insulted ! " — " How? And by 
whom ? " — ' ' Mr. Allen is making up mouths at me ! " — " Who saw 
him?"— "I," said a bystander.— " Mr. Clerk, swear him." The 
witness was sworn, and testified accordingly. The Judge said, 
'' Mr. Sheriff, commit Mr. Allen for contempt of Court." He was 
accordingly taken off to a lockup, which already contained two 
thieves and vagabonds. They swore that he should not come in 
unless he treated. He was thus mulcted with a supplementary fine, 
after which he enjoyed their agreeable society till the hour came 
for the adjournment of the Court, when he was brought in, placed 
in the malefactor's seat, suitably reprimanded, and discharged. 
He doubtless went home deeply impressed with a sense of the 
majesty of the law, the vindication of which had required a resort 
to these dignified proceedings. He made no more smiling grimaces, 
at least for that day. In becoming a wiser, he became also a 
sadder, man. Gleaneu. 



120 City Document No. 105. 



XLII. 

D. D. ROGERS'S 2f ACRES. 
September 7, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — We have already seen that John Fa3^erweather 
held and disposed of a lot 260 feet on Beacon street, and 490 feet 
deep, held under his father-in-law, Robert Turner — or about 3 
acres. There was still left of this Turner estate, between the 
Bowdoin estate and the State-house lot, a tract measuring 190 
feet on Beacon street, 490 feet on the east line, 140 feet in the 
rear, and westerly 571 feet on the highway leading to the monument 
and on Beacon hill {i.e., the entrance of Mt. Vernon street) ; 
the contents, according to the estimate of the deeds, being 2^ 
acres more. John Fayerweather, not satisfied with his other lot, 
takes a portion of this also. Thus he and his wife convey to 
Benjamin Alford, 1685 (L. 13, f. 329), three-fourths of an acre., 
bounded soutli on the Common., west on the highway leading to the 
hill, north and east on John Turner. Alford's executi-ix for £350 
conveys to her son John Alford, 1715 (L. 82, f. 94), with a slight 
perversion of the points of compass, bounded east on the training- 
field, south on the way leading to Beacon hill, west and north on 
Gamaliel Rogers's heirs. John Alford makes a trust settlement 
by way of jointure, 1718 (L. 33, f. 95). John Alford, of Charles- 
town, sells to William Molineaux, 1760 (L. 95, f. 233), bounded 
in front on Bacon street 100 feet, then runs north a little east 367 
feet [bounded by a highway leading to Beacon Hill. — Ed.], then 
east bounded on John Spooner 78 feet, then south to the street 
342 feet [this side also bounded on Spooner. — Ed.] — a plan 
being recorded. William Molineaux built a mansion-house, quite a 
splendid one for those days, and died 1774. It was appraised at 
£600. 

The Commonwealth, in 1782, conveyed the same to Daniel 
Dennison Rogers, as the confiscated estate of Charles Ward 
Apthorp. (1782, L. 135, f. 6.) Said Charles Ward Apthorp, as 
administrator of Molineaux, brought an ejectment to try title as 
late as 1780, but unsuccessfully. (Suffolk, 175, f. 67.) 

This land bounded both north and cast on the land of John 



"Gleaner" Articles. 121 

Turner. He died in 1681, empowering his executor to sell his 
" house and land at the upper end of the common or training-field, 
and the land at Beacon hill " ; who accordingly sold to George Monk, 
1681 (L. 12, f. 114), a dwelling-house and two acres of land, at 
the upper end of the Common, bounded south-east on the Common, 
and running back to Mr. Middlecott's land, and from the corner 
post of Mr. Fayerweather to Mr. Wharton's land. (Middlecott 
and Wharton owned pastures on Cambridge street.) 

Monk sold to Gamaliel Rogers, 1690 (L. 14, f. 403), bounded 
south-east on the highway between it and the almshouse 90 feet, 
then south-westerly on Ben. Alford 340 feet, south-easterly on same 
76 feet, then on Col. Samuel Shrimpton 204 feet " by a parcel of 
posts on the side of Beacon hill," in the rear on Mr. Middlecott, 
etc., 140 feet, and then 490 feet on Fayerweather (i.e., the 
Bowdoin estate). Thus we find that as early as 1690 the alms- 
house (in which our distinguished townsman, George Tickuor, now 
lives) had been built on part of the Common. Gamaliel Rogers 
died 1709. His executrix sells to Ebenezer,"' 1739 (L. 59, f. 139), 
who conveyed to Margaret Hurst 1739 (L. 73, f. 28), 
and the title passing through Joseph Gerrish, Charles Paxton, and 
John Spooner, gets into Thomas Bromfield 1763 (L. 99, f. 237), 
and, being subsequentl}' traced through Barlow Trecothick and 
John Tomlinson, Charles Ward Apthorp, James Ivers, this lot, 
like the other, gets united in Daniel Dennison Rogers. 

He laid out Bowdoin street in continuation of Middlecott street, 
selling off lots fronting 200 feet on the east side of that street, and 
the remaining lands north and south of those lots to James 
Bowdoin, whose large ownership on that street, as we have seen, 
afforded the town the opportunity of robbing Mr. Middlecott, by 
changing the name of his street into Bowdoin street. The land 
west of Bowdoin street was retained by Mr. Rogers. He erected 
upon it the mansion-house which he continued to occupy till his 
death. It is the source of title to all the block east of the State 
House, and also to sundry houses toward Derne street. 

One of the houses east of Bowdoin street, built on land sold by 
Rogers, became the property of the late Thomas J. Eckley. It 
remained vacant for very many months, no tenant being found who 
would pa}' the rent demanded. An amusing incident happened 
from this circumstance. Certain females, of something more than 

« This surname was omitted in the Transcript — The deed is to Ebenezer WDder 
of Lancaster, gen*. — W. H. W. 



122 City Document No. 105. 

doubtful character, took possession in a quiet manner, without 
paying any rent, and held their nightly orgies unsuspected. At 
last one of their visitors got by accident into the next adjoining 
house, and so alarmed its quiet and orderly female inmates that 
an explanation ensued, and the domicile which had been honored 
by these temporary occupants became again vacant. 

Gleakeb 



"Gleaner" Articles. 123 



XLIII. 

ALLEGORICAL — NOT HISTORICAL. 

September 9, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — If my aiTow, after hitting its mark (as I think 
it did), glanced oflf and liit your correspondent (Z) I can only 
say that I did not know that he was there, and assure him that he 
need be under no apprehension from " the venom of the shaft." 

No one laughed more heartily than myself at his amusing alle- 
gory. I think the following, though certainly devoid of the like 
humor, is more in accordance with the facts. " Father " wanted to 
send a valuable load, and, like everybody else, emploj'ed Shaw & 
Co.'s Express, who are known to be trusty, intelligent, and experi- 
enced persons. His intention was that it should be taken to the 
end of Drake's wharf, and thence over a bridge built many years ago 
in the same straight line, and communicating with the flag-staff on 
Castle island. The driver thought he saw this bridge ranging in a 
southerly instead of an easterly direction from the end of the 
wharf, and, from this mistake of monuments, drove overboard. 
I happened to be looking on, and, instead of scolding or " blub- 
bering," forthwith tried as hard as I could to rescue the goods. 
But the vehicle upset about fortj' feet south of the wharf, and, the 
wind and tide being against me, I was obliged to abandon them to 
the sharks in that vicinity. 

Seriously, Z doubts that Mr. Justice Hubbard ever gave a writ- 
ten opinion as to the Brattle-street parsonage case adverse to the 
last decision of the Court. The columns of a newspaper are not 
the best vehicle for publishing such a document ; but I assert, as a 
person of veracity, that this will was submitted to him for an 
opinion as to what title was in the Society, and what title was in 
John Hancock, and who were entitled under him to claim the es- 
tate, and in what proportions, in case the condition should be 
broken. His opinion occupies three closely written pages. The 
result at which he arrives is, that the title of the church was on a 
valid condition; that the devise over was a "conditional limita- 
tion," and the right under it vested in John Hancock. He pro- 
ceeds to consider the descents, deeds, and devises since his death. 



124 City Document No. 105. 

and examines their legal bearing upon the title and estate thus 
given to Mr. H. The Court have decided that there is no condi- 
tion legally annexed to the ownership of the Societ}^, — that John 
Hancock and those claiming under him have not, and never have had, 
any title to this land. Z's position then seems to be this, — that 
Mr. Iliibbard did not mean to say or imply that in his opinion the 
Hancock heirs had any title whatever ; but that this opinion, elabo- 
rate and learned as it is, was devoted to considering in whom and 
where nothing vested ; whether nothing could bo lawfully conveyed 
or devised ; whether or not Mrs. Perkins inherited one-third undi- 
vided of nothing, etc. I never met with anything to beat this, 
except, perhaps, a deed of a moiety of a house, where, among the 
privileges granted, was an undivided half of the right of arching 
over a certain passage-way. 

Further, Hon. Simon Greenleaf, in 1842, had this will submitted 
to him for an opinion. His reputation as Professor of Law in 
Harvard College, and as author of some of the best text-books in 
the profession, obtained for him the offer of a seat on the Bench 
of the Supreme Court, which, however, he declined. He too, it 
would seem, saw nothing too remote in this devise to John Han- 
cock, which made it void in law ; since he also has given a 
written opinion as to who will, in his judgment, be entitled to this 
land under this will, as heirs of John Hancock, on breach of the 
condition. 

Z has reconciled, to his own satisfaction, the first and the last 
decisions of the Court itself in regard to this estate, — their disa- 
vowal, in the one case, of any jurisdiction to order a sale and re- 
investment of proceeds, and their exercise of such jurisdiction in 
the other case. I wish he would also try his hand at reconciling 
the two published decisions, to which I shall call his attention in a 
few days. If he can do so I shall indeed cheerfully admit the 
vigor of his bow. He is desirous to see the opinion of Mr. Hub- 
bard, /am desirous to see the first opinion of the Court, about 
which he seems so well informed. How happens it not to have 
been published? Is there not a law that all decisions shall be 
published, and within a limited time? Did the Court feel dissatis- 
fied with the decision, and intend subsequently to modify or 
reverse it? Gleaner. 

THE BRATTLE-STEEET PARSONAGE CASE. 

September 10, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — " Gleaner " having solemnly asseverated that the late Mr. Justice 
Hubbard did give a written opinion upon Mrs. Hancock's will, such doubtless was the 



"Gleaner" Articles. 125 

fact. It would be uncoiirteous to say that " Gleaner" cannot understand a plain propo- 
sition, yet there is only one alternative by which to account for his ludicrous perversion 
of what he is pleased to call my "position" in reference to this opinion. His 
manifest misapprehension of a veiy plain statement, added to the evident fact that he 
neither comprehends the judgment which he praises so highly, nor yet the law of the 
case, are not calculated to create confidence in the accui'acy of his statements as to the 
contents of a written opinion. There is this farther reason for doubting his correctness, 
viz., that Judge Hubbard sat at the hearing of Grant et al. vs. Hancock et al., which 
he would hardly have done had he previously given, as counsel, an opinion covering 
every point of controversy arising out of the will. If " Gleaner" would substantiate 
his boast of such a predecessor, let the opinion speak for itself. I, for one, have no 
confidence in his account of it. 

After all, — unless " Gleaner " deems himself justified in exclaiming with Falstaff, 
" The laws of England are at mj command. Happy are all they which are my friends 
and v*roe to my Lord Chief Justice," — it is really of no consequence whether Judge 
Hubbard and Mr. Greenleaf did or did not give the opinions attributed to them. The 
Supreme Court settle the law. They have made a masterly judgment in this case, 
after hearing arguments and bestowing great and unusual deliberations upon the points 
of it. Public confidence on the coiTcctness of their decision is not to be shaken by the 
opposite opinions of counsel, however eminent, even though indorsed by " Gleaner." 
Moreover, as 

None ever felt the baiter draw 

With good opinion of the law, 

or its ministers either, this confidence is still less likely to be diminished by the sneers 
or sarcasm of one, or even of a score of unsuccessful litigants, who, under the pretence 
of candid criticism, have the bad taste publicly to exhibit their vexation. Z 



126 City Document No. 105. 



XLIV. 

A CHALLENGE TO Z. 

September 10, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — The following are the tvjo published decisions of 
the Supreme Court to which I promised to call Z's attention. 

In the case of Tyler vs. Hammond, 11 Pick. Rep., 193, March 
term, 1831, for the recovery of ver}' valuable land in Boston, it 
was decided by the Supreme Court that ' ' where a deed of land de- 
scribes it as hounding on a road, but sets forth metes and bounds 
which plainly exclude the road, no part of the soil and freehold of 
the road passes by the grant." Mr. .Justice Wilde, in delivering a 
very learned and satisfactory opinion, accordingly says: '•'-If by 
the terms of the description the road is necessarily excluded, it is 
equivalent to an express declaration that no part of the road is 
intended to be conveyed; and it is perfectly clear that the fee in the 
road cannot pass as appurtenant to the land adjoining." The law 
on this point was thus settled after the fullest advisement and con- 
sideration of all opposite opinions and dicta, and, I may add, in 
exact conformity with common-sense. 

Twenty years pass away. This decision is acted on without the 
slightest hesitation as sound law, and innumerable conveyances 
are made and construed with reference to it. At last comes the 
case of Newhall vs. Ireson et al., 8 Cashing Rep., 595, November 
term, 1851, when we find the same Court deciding that " a deed de- 
scribing the boundary line of the land conveyed as running northerly 
a certain distance to a highway, and from (hence upon the highway 
passes the land to the centre of the highivay, although the distance 
specified by actual measurement carries the line only to the southerly 
side of the highway." The case of Tyler vs. Hammond was referred 
to in the argument. Chief Justice Shaw cited the language of the 
deed under consideration as " running northerly 7 poles to the 
country ro id, and from thence upon the road 22 poles to the first- 
mentioned hound," and then says: " Tlie ordinary construction of 
such a deed to the highway, and from thence upon the highway, would 
carry the land to the middle of the highway. Such is the established 
presumption governing the construction of a deed in the absence of 



"Gleaner" Articles. 12/ 

controlling words." He makes various other references, but does 
not cite the case of Tyler vs. Hammond. He adverts to the fact 
that the measurement only reached to the southerly side of the 
road, and adds : " But the Court are of opinion that this fact does 
7iot rebut the strong presumption that boundary on a h '.ghivay is ad 
JUum vice. The road is a monument, the thread {i.e., centre) of 
the road in legal contemplation is that monument or abuttal." And 
accordingly the Court hold that the actual measurements of the 
deed are controlled by the fact that in legal presumption it meant 
to run, and did run, to the centre of the road. 

I apprehend that your correspondent Z, who thinks it hardly 
allowable for third persons to differ from the Court, will be rather 
embarrassed by the evidence thus afforded that, within the short 
period of twenty years, the Court has differed thustotallj^ from itself 
in the enunciation of a general principle of law, constantly acted 
upon in the daily transactions of the community, — and this, too, 
without expressly overruling the former case, or even, indeed, al- 
luding to it in the most incidental manner, or indicating the least 
consciousness of introducing any new doctrine. 

As the law on this subject stands by the latest decision, a 
grantor selling an estate bounded south on State street will be 
deemed to convey to the centre of the street, — a doctrine which, 
I think, will surprise some who are in the habit of congregating in 
that locality. If a grantor lays out a street through his own land, 
and, meaning to retain the fee of it, sells off lots on each side 
bounded north and south on the street, he will discover that he has 
unwittingly parted with the fee of the street also, and may thus be 
most seriously embarrassed ; since if he wishes to use the same 
highway as a means of access to his other lands he raaj' find him- 
self legally a trespasser on the soil where he thought himself ?k pro- 
prietor. 

And, now, Mr. Editor, I gladly leave the barren field of legal 
criticism to visit the sunny slope of Beacon hill. 

Gleanib. 



128 City Document No. 105. 



XLV. 

THE BEACON AND MR. THURSTON'S HOUSE. 

September 11, 1855. 

Mr. Editor: — As our citizens pass along Bowdoin street tliey 
may notice a block of three houses at the corner of Bowdoin place, 
the first of which is owned and occupied liy one wliom we all 
delight to honor, — President Quinc}'. Few probably are aware of 
the interest which attaches to this precise locality. Among the 
lots sold by D. D. Rogers, this estate, 80 feet front and rear, was 
in 1802 conveyed by him to William Thurston (203, f. 86). There 
have been some subsequent, but very slight, changes of boundary 
between him and Mr. Rogers. This land adjoined the extreme 
summit of Beacon hill. His west line was on the lot 6 rods 
square, in the centre of which stood the beacon or monument 
itself. 

The exact location of the beacon and of the 99 feet square within 
which it was erected is easily pointed out. If a person should 
walk from Park street northerly into Mt. Vernon street, and con- 
tinue GO feet northerly of the north line of that street (where it 
takes a westerly direction) he will come to the south line of this 
reserved lot of the town. In other words, the south line of 99 
feet is exactly 60 feet north of Mt. Vernon street. The northerly 
line is exactly 159 feet north of Mt. Vernon street. The westerly 
line comes about a dozen feet inside of the reservoir and of the 
houses south of it ; and the east line coincides with the west line 
of Thurston's and Rogers' land, i.e.. with the east line continued 
of that part of Mt. Vernon street which runs north from Beacon 
street. Temple street is now laid out through this monument lot, 
leaving, as above stated, a gore of about 12 feet of it west of 
that street. The monument itself must have stood on the east side 
of Temjjle street., about 6 feet south of a point ojyj^osite to the south- 
east corner of the reservoir. 

Mr. Thurston, in 1804, erected on his estate a house," from 
which he could literally look down upon all his fellow-citizens. It 

*- A view of the Thurston house is one of the series of fine views of Beacon Hill in 
1811-12, drawn by J. R, Smith, and published by George C. Smith in 1857. — W. H. W. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 129 

stood in about the ceutre of his land from north to south, while it 
was but two feet distant on the west from the monument lot. It 
was approachable only by steps, and it was even found necessary 
to hoist up all his wood, etc. In the 12th Mass. Rep., 220, is a 
very celebrated law case — of Thurston vs. Hancock — from which 
it appears that the defendants in 1811 dug down their land on the 
west 60 feet below the original level, and the earth fell in, leaving 
bare his cellar wall, etc., and rendering his house itself unsafe, so 
that it had to be taken down. His damages were laid at $20,000. 
The decision was, that " no action lay for the owner of the house 
for damage done to the house ; but that he was entitled to an action 
for damage arising from the falling of his natural soil into the pit so 
dug." A very learned opinion was given by Judge Parker. It was 
founded on the idea that Mr. T. must have known that his next 
neighbors," had a right to build equally near to the line, or to dig 
down the soil for any other lawful purpose " ; and that, " from the 
shape and nature of the ground, it was impossible to dig there 
without causing excavations." 

This opinion has always been unsatisfactory to many of the pro- 
fession. The town had owned this 99 feet square on the summit 
of the hill, with the 30-feet way to it, for the purpose of sustaining 
a beacon, and as a spot accessible to all citizens and strangers. 
It could not reasonably have been supposed that for any sura of 
money, much less that for a mere mess of pottage., the town could 
have been induced to part with the one object that made it indis- 
putably the queen of all the cities on this continent. This area on 
the summit of the hill having been retained for these high public 
objects, the adjoining individual owners would have held their 
lands subject to the easement that this area and the way to it 
should forever remain unmolested ; and, but for the suicidal act of 
the town itself in selling the same, I conceive that we never could 
have been deprived of this, the crowning glor}' and beauty of our 
metropolis. Mr. Thurston vras, I think, entitled to damages, and 
vindictive damages too, against parties using their adjoining lands 
for a purpose which neither he nor any one else could reasonably 
have anticipated, — a purpose which, though not prompted by any 
special malice against him, ought to have been regarded as indi- 
cating a general malice against the whole community, and therefore 
to have been visited with the most severe punishment. 

GrLEANFB. 



130 City Document No. 105. 



XL VI. 

HANGING. 

September 12, 1855. 

" None ever felt the halter draw 
With good opinion of the law." 

Mr. Editor: — Your correspondent (Z), abandoning argument, 
has closed the discussion between us by the above discourteous 
quotation. I will, however, use it as a text for a few remarks on 
the subject of "Hanging." While John Hancock was Governor 
of the Commonwealth Rachel Whall was hung in Boston for high- 
way robbery. Her offence consisted in twitching from the hand 
of another female a bonnet, worth perhaps 75 cents, and running 
off with it. The most urgent applications for her pardon were un- 
successful. I mention this not to the disparagement of the Gov- 
ernor. He doubtless acted from a sense of duty, thinking it best 
for the community that the laws of the land, — however frightfully 
severe, — while they were laws, should be executed. A lad of 18 years 
of age was hung in Salem for arson during the administration of 
Governor Strong, similar appeals in his favor being considered and 
overruled. Yet the intelligence and the humanity, alike of the 
Executive and of the Council, notwithstanding the result arrived 
at in both these instances, were unquestionable. 

Within the same period a gentleman of this city saw a girl of 
17 hung in London for stealing a silver cream-pitcher. Edward 
Vaile Brown was hung in Boston for burglary committed in the 
house of Captain Osias Goodwin, in Charter street, and stealing 
therefrom sundr}' articles. I once owned a set of the old Bailey 
Trials (1775, 1825), embraced in a series of perhaps 50 quarto 
volumes. The earliest of these volumes contained the details of 
the trial of the unfortunate Dr. Dodd, for forger^-, whose touchmg 
appeal for mercy, here recorded, was fruitlessly enforced by tbe 
splendid eloquence of Johnson. In a later volume, long after the 
commencement of the present century, eight separate capital con- 
victions are recorded as one day's job of a single tribunal, the cul- 
prits being all boys and girls between the ages of ten and sixteen^ 
and their offences petty thefts. 

One case I remember of peculiar judicial atrocity. A young 
girl of 17 was indicted for stealing a roll of ribbon worth three 



''Gleaner" Articles. 131 

Bhillings. The prosecutor's testimony was to this effect: "The 
prisoner came into my shop and bought some ribbon. I saw her 
secrete this piece also. I personally knew her, and was on the 
most friendly and sociable terms with her. When she left the shop 
I accompanied her, and offered her my arm, which she accepted. 
We chatted together. As we reached the corner of a street lead- 
ing to the Bow-stveet office, I turned toward it. She said she 
was going in another direction, and bade me good-morning; I 
said to her, 'No ! you are going with me ! I saw you steal a piece 
of my ribbon ! ' She immediately implored me, for God's sake, to 
overlook it, and restored to me the article. I said to her that I 
had lost many things in this way, and was resolved to make her 
an example — that I ivas determined to have her life!" And he 
got it. I can never forget how my blood boiled as I read the testi- 
mony of this cold-hearted wretch. In view of the judgment of a mer- 
ciful God, far rather, it seemed to me, would I have been in the place 
of that poor, frail, erring girl, even on the scaffold, than in the 
place of her heartless accuser. 

I rose from the perusal of these volumes horror-struck with the 
continuous record of inconceivable legal cruelty. It seemed to 
me that the 70,000 hangings in the reign of Henry VIII. were 
matched by an equally long list of persons condemned to be hung 
in the reign of George III. Since this time much has been done 
in England by Romilly, Brougham, Mackintosh, and Sydney Smith, 
and as much — perhaps more — by kindred philanthropists on this 
side of the Atlantic. Hanging has, indeed, become a rarity with 
us ; but within ven the last year I have seen a little boy, who, for 
week after week, had been tenant of a cell in our jail, for the atro- 
cious offence of throwing a snow-ball at — Abby Folsora ! And 
another, who, coming here from Lowell the day before, was tempted 
in the morning by an open baker's cart, and snatched from it a 
small roll of bread as an extempore breakfast. Their respective 
fines were $2 each and costs, which they, of course, could not pay. 
This circumstance gave me an edifying impression of the equality of 
the law, as it bears on rich and poor. I sent these two urchins on 
their way rejoicing ; but others have, doubtless, taken their places 
every week since. 

The world has, indeed, grown wiser and better in some respects ; 
but in the criminal law there is a noble battle-field of humanity 
yet to be fought and won. Gleaner. 

P. S. I am in favor of hanging everybody who places an ob- 
struction on a railroad, as I would shoot a dangerous wild beast. 



132 City Document No. 105. 

XLVII. 

THE TITLE OF BEACON HILL DERIVED FROM COWS. 

September 13, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — We have disposed of b% acres of Robert Turner's 
land. There remain 1| acres more., — being Beacon Hill itself 
with the monument. This lot now measures south on Mount Ver- 
non street, about 284 feet ; west, by a line 19 feet east of Hancock 
street, 287 feet ; northerly, in rear on narrow strips of land sepa- 
rating the premises from Derne street, 244 feet ; and east, on land 
of D. D. Rogers. 

John Turner was one of the devisees of his father, Robert, and 
had acquired portions by deeds from the executrix, etc. He, in 
1673, sells to Samuel Shrimpton (8, f. 329) a small slip of land, 
in breadth 23 feet front, bounded on the Common, south, and in 
length 180 feet, bounded on said Samuel, west, and on the way 
leading up from the Training-field to Centry Hill, on the east 
side, and running from the east corner in front on a north line 182 
feet. This is a gore of the State-House estate, bounded east on 
the highway to the monument, i.e., Mount Vernon street. John 
Turner died 1681, and his executors, as we have seen, sold two 
acres east of said Mount Vernon street, or the monument highway, 
to George Monk, in 1681. On the same day they sold to said 
Shrimpton (12, f. 353) "all that land upon and by the side of 
Beacon Hill, bounded on said Shrimpton and on Elizabeth Cooke, 
widow, or Humphrey Davie and others, on several points and 
quarters, reserving unto the town of Boston their privilege and 
interest on the top of said hill and passage from the Common 
thereto." 

Col. Samuel Shrimpton thus acquired all Beacon Hill and a gore 
of the State-House lot, the deed of said gore bounding on the resi- 
due of said State-House lot, etc., already his. Besides these es- 
tates and Noddle's Island, he owned the Union-bank building, and, 
from that circumstance. Exchange street was for many years 
known as Shrimpton's lane. He was decidedl}' one of the greatest 
men of his day. He died, and by will, proved February 17, 
1697-8, devised to his wife Elizabeth for life, the residue of his 
estate, with power to dispose thereof among her relations by deed 



"Gleaner" Articles. 133 

or will. She married Simeon Stoddard ^^ and died 1713, devising to 
her grand-daughter, Elizabeth Shrimpton, various other estates for 
life, remainder to her heirs in tail, etc. Her inventory appraises 
" the pasture joining to Beacon Hill, £150." [Decidedly cheap for 
the State-House lot- and about two acres north of it ! ] She mar- 
ried John Yeamans in 1720, and died leaving an only child, Shute 
Shrimpton Yeamans, who, in 1742, becoming of age, barred the 
entail (L. 66, f. 271-272), and vested the fee in his father. The 
deeds, besides mentioning the particular estates devised in tail, 
included " aZ^ the lands, etc., in Boston, Rumney marsh, or else- 
where, of which Mrs. Yeamans was tenant in tail by force of said 
will." 

John Yeamans dying, the estates became again his son's, who, 
in 1752, conveyed to Thomas Hancock (81, f. 168) "a piece of 
land near Beacon Hill, containing two acres, late the estate of my 
great-grandfather, Samuel Shrimpton, bounded south on the Com- 
mon, west on said Thomas Hancock in part, and in part on Com- 
mon land; then turns and is bounded north on Common land, then 
west on Common land, then north on Common land, then east on the 
street or highway leading from the Common to Beacon Hill." Now, 
there were about 75,000 feet of land, or nearly two acres, in the 
State-House lot, and the above description evidently proceeds on 
an erroneous idea that the Common lands of the town included nearly 
all Beacon Hill. But we have seen the old deed of 1670 to John 
Turner, by which the town right is limited to six rods square, and 
the highway leading to it. And, from the selectmen's minutes of 
January 17, 1753, we find, that, on petition of Thomas Hancock, an 
investigation was had of the town's rights, which were then, also, 
in like manner limited to the six rods square, and the thirty feet 
highway. 

The result is that Thomas Hancock thus obtained all Beacon Hill 
one hundred years ago, without paying one cent for it, and he and 
those coming after him retained possession b^' pasturing cows 
there. These ruminating animals, while quietly chewing the cud 
in that splendid cattle-field (where, by the way, they must have 
been the observed of all observers), also silently eat up the inher- 
itance of poor Shute Shrimpton Yeamans and his heii's. One of 
these very heirs, a high officer of the Commonwealth (General 
William H. Sumner), as he looked at them, year after year, from 

** For full genealogies of the families named in this article the reader should con- 
ault Gen. Sumner's History of East Boston. — W. H. W. 



134 City Document No. 105. 

the State-Kouse windows, was probably wholly unconscious that 
they were feeding at his expense. The language of the deed to 
Hancock seeming to recognize the ownership of this hill by the 
town, it became the subject of protracted litigation, in which the 
inhabitants were at last defeated, and while the Hancock heirs and 
the town were quarrelling for what belonged to neither of them, 
the true owners were placidly looking on in a blissful state of 
ignorance. Gleaner. 



" Gleaner " Articles. 135 



XL VIII. 

HISTORICAL.— THOMAS HANCOCK AND HIS RICH 

WIDOW. 

September 14, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — In our last article we reached the extreme west- 
erly end of Robert Turner's estate, or a point 19 feet east of 
Hancock street. We have seen that Thomas Hancock, in 1752, 
commenced his title to this spot on Beacon Hill, which was per- 
fected by the grazing of cows. The will of Mr. Turner devised, 
as before stated, to his sons, Ephraim, Joseph, and John, and his 
son-in-law, John Fayerweather. Ephraim sold out wholly to Fay - 
erweather ; and we have minuted one deed of Joseph to John Tur- 
ner, bounded south on Joseph's remaining land. This residue also 
seems to have been subsequently acquired by said John Turner. 
Of the whole estate of the testator, the easterly 3 acres are finally 
held under Fayerweather (being the Sears, Phillips, and Bowdoin 
estates) . The middle 2| acres partly under him and partly undei 
John Turner (being the Rogers estate), while the Beacon Hill lot, 
1| acres, and a respectable gore of the State-House lot (say 2 
acres more), are held exclusively under said John Turner ; so that 
the entire estate of Robert Turner holds out 11 acres, or, as I sup- 
posed, about 8 acres. 

Sigma and I are both descended from a common ancestor, and 
one, too, who lived long after Adam and Eve (Hon. John Turner, 
of Salem). He was one of His Majesty's Council in Provincial 
times, and altogether the great man of that " rural district." It is 
with much regret that I confess my inability to claim also a descent 
from the owner of this very respectable pasture. In these times, 
perhaps, it is some consolation that he was a vintner. Our ances- 
tor I apprehend toliavebeen a " shoomaker," Robert Turner, who, 
by the way, owned a very pretty real estate on the west side of 
Washington street, a little north of Court street, part of which 
was the Simpkins estate, now belonging to Mrs. Bangs. This 
" shoomaker," by his will, seems to have been on very friendly 
terms with his neighbor, Mr. Joshua Scottow, whom we also meet 
with as the next neighbor of the " vintner." In regard to my 



13G City Document No. 105. 

cousin " Sigma," it is worthy of remark, that, notwithstanding all 
attempts to trip him up, he is sure at last (after oscillating about 
a litth-) to be found on his feet as firmly as ever. Mrs. Polly P. 
Puzzlem I take to be exactly as near a relative of mine as Sigma 
is. If I am right in ray conjectures she ownes a great deal of real 
estate, and her present name is a striking confirmation of my re 
mark that widows, having land, keep getting married ; since she 
has borne this name so recently that I am satisfied her son Paul 
must be the issue of a former marriage. Sigma, by the way, does 
not believe in the " shoemaker." In the matter of ancestry he 
aspires ultra crepidam, or beyond the cobbler's last. 

Thomas Hancock was one of our wealthiest citizens, and deserv- 
edly of the highest consideration. In his lifetime he gave the town 
£500 for founding a hospital, which was thankfully accepted and 
misapplied. Of this donation I was not aware when I prepared a 
history of the Massachusetts General Hospital; and the honor 
justly due to him was therefore not bestowed. I gladly make the 
araende honorable now, though in an anonymous and ephemeral 
manner. He died in 17G4, and among numerous bequests, evinc- 
ing great public spirit and liberality, he gives to his widow, Lydia, 
£10,000 sterling; also "the mansion house wherein I now dwell,' 
with the gardens, yard, and land V)clonging to it, and all the houses, 
out-houses, edifices, and buildings adjoining, or anyways appertain- 
ing to the same as now improved and occupied by me, and also 
the lands near it I bought of Messrs. Yeamayis and Thompson, and 
the house and land I bought of Ebenezer Messenger adjoining to 
my garden. I also give unto her all my plate and household furni- 
ture of every kind, and my chariots, chaises, carriages, and horses ; 
and also all my negroes, all which she is to hold to herself and her 
heirs forever," &c. To Harvard College, £1,000 ; to the Society 
for Propagating the Gospel, £1,000 ; to the town, £G00," &c. This 
devise to the widow included all the State House and lands west of 
it to Belknap street, and all Beacon Hill north of it (between G and 
7 acres) ; so that she was undoubtedly the richest widow that had 
ever lived in Boston, and, strange to say, she remained single. 

Mrs. Lydia Hancock [born Henchman] died in 1777, devising 
the famous Brattle-street Parsonage estate — and making many 
other legacies, and constituting her nephew. Governor John Han- 
cock, sole residuary legatee and executor, who thus became owner 
of this princely inheritance, where he resided personally till his 
death, in 1793. I can easily realize the feelings which induce his 
nephew and namesake still to retain in its original condition his 



** Gleaner" Articles. 137 

stone mansion-house and what is left of this great estate. Amid 
the modern destruction of old landmarks such a conservative act 
is truly refreshing. 

But I am not yet quite ready to make a call at His Excellency's 
mansion, as I have not entirely finished my inspection of the hill 
which at that time rose in such picturesque beauty behind it. 

Gleaner. 

CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN CORRESPONDENTS. 

September 17, 1855. 

Mt dear Gleaner : — I beard a skilful physician say, a few clays ag-o, that nothing 
would keep you still but being' etherized. V>y the wa\% you may remember that you 
veiy kindly presented me with a copy of your volume containing your aecount of the 
ether controversy. You, doubtless, remember that I praised it highly, and told you 
that I had no just notions of the powerful eflects of ether until I read your work, for 
the veiy first five pages put me asleep. One or two of your late articles in the " Tran- 
script," taken at bed-time, may, possibly, answer as well. How you keep yourself 
awake while writing them is a mystery to us all. 

You say that you and I are descended from a common ancestor, John Turner. I 
know it ; I am ^lad of it ; for I have always thought you a verv clever fellow, though 
as obstinate as the devil. This old gentleman — not the devil, but John Turner — 
was, as you say, a man of note in his time. His style was the Hon. Col. John Turner. 
Saltonstall in his history, and Felt in his annals, tell us, that this John Turner com- 
manded in the battle of [laverhill, so called, against the French and Indians, in 1708. 
He was my great-grandfather, born Sept. 12, 1671. I have heard my mother say, that 
her father, son of the Honorable John, for several years preserved some half-a-dozen 
scalps taken in that battle. The father of the Honorable John was John Turner, a 
merchant of Salem, born in 1644, and who died in 1680. This is the John Turner 
so often mentioned in the records of Salem, as the lessee of Baker's island for 
1000 years. His house, in which he died, Oct. 9, 1680, was standing In 1835, at the 
corner of Essex and Beckford sti'eets. I am happy to have descended from such an- 
cestors; for they were the ancestoi-s of one of the greatest men of our country, and 
for whom it has ever been my pleasure to express the most cordial sentiments of affec- 
tionate respect — your honored father. 

It is at thispoint that you break loose from what I have always supposed, upon 
excellent authority, to be the true genealogy of the Turner family, anfi insist upon 
having a shoemaker your ancestor ; and you say that I do not believe in the shoemaker, 
but aspire to something ultra crepidam. No, my dear " Gleaner," I do not believe ia 
the shoemaker, but I do believe that, if we have a shoemaker for our ancestor, and 
you and I continue much longer to spin such long, drj', and hai'd-twisted yarns for the 
" Transcript," the public will be very sorry that we did not stick to the last. 

Upon the matter of ancestry 1 have ever been of the opinion expressed by Matthew 
Prior : — 

" Heralds and notles, by your leave, 
Here lie the bones of Matthew Prior, 
The son of Adam and of Eve ; 
Let Bourbon and Nassau go higher." 

The poor boy who replied to the inquiries of the police judge, that he never had 
any father and mothei", but was washed ashore, is more likely to find favor with the 
people than one who in our country makes a parade about his ancestors. 



138 City Document No. 105. 

This matter can be of no possible interest to Ihe public ; but, since you bave dragged 
it in bj' the head and shoulders, there is no course left for me but to drag it out by the 
neck and heels. My mother, who died in 1813, at the age of seventy, was the daughter 
of John Turner, a merchant, who died in 1786, who was the son of the lion. John 
Turner, who died in 1742, who was the son of John Turner, who died in 1680, — all of 
Salem. I always understood her to say that the baptismal name John had been in 
her family for many gencrations,and that the ancestors of her grandfather came from Bar- 
badoes. Felt, iuhis" Annals of Saleui," edition of 1827, thus notices, under the date of 
October 6, 1690, the death of her great-grandfather : " John Turner had deceased lately. 
He was son of John Turner, merchant, who died at Barbadoes, 1668. * * * He also 
left children, John, Elizabeth, &c. He served as selectman. He was a respectable 
merchant. His estate was estimated over £6,788. His death was a public calamity." 
A copy of the church records in Salem, furnished me in 1845 by Henry Wheetland, 
Esquire, exhibits this entiy : " John Turner : his wife, Elizabeth, joined the church in 
Salem 19.9 {i.e., September 19) 1637 ; merchant, born at Barbadoes, where he died, 
1668." 

Several years ago, my dear Gleaner, you suggested this fancy about the shoemaker. 
I gave you my views in writing ; a copy of my letter is now before me, concluding 
thus — 

" Si quid novipti rectius istis, 
Candidus imperii ; si non, his utere mecum." 

You never replied, and I supposed you were satisfied. And now you have broken 
out again, in the same spot. It must be the pustule maligne. To draw such things to 
a head and have done with 'em, I have heard that nothing was more effective than an 
application of shoemaker's (your ancestor's) wax. 

Y'ou claim relationship with Mrs. Puzzlem. You are right, no doubt of it. You 
must be a Puzzlem; for, with my best effort, I cannot find out your meaning in that 
paragraph. Your object, I think, must be to persuade the public that I am the writer 
of the Puzzlem letters, and ^hus shift the responsibility from your own shoulders. If 
you consider this just, you roust have a strange way of construing the golden rule. 
Very dry of late — especially your last thirteen articles. 

Very truly, your friend and kinsman, 
Sigma. 

Gleaner and Sigma.— Our well-known contributors are having a little corre- 
spondence together, as will be seen by reference to the first page. The former, having 
seen Sigma's communication, wrote the following: — 

'< Whether I was right in supposing that I stood in the shoes of Eobert Turner, 
' shoemaker,' and in my consequent determination to stick to him like cobbler's wax, 
or whether 1 may lawfully go to Barbadoes for an ancestor, the public will not 
I robably think worth discussion. As to Mrs. Puzzlem, she evidently wishes to be 
incognita, and I certainly do not think it polite to raise a lady's veil without her 
permission. While, on the one hand, I am sure that no face resembling mine Avonld 
be found beneath it, I think that her general gait, air, and manner, notwithstanding her 
reil, prove that you and she were both rocked in the same cradle. I am delighted to 
learn that my ether pamphlet produced in any quarter a soothing effect. It had quite 
an initating influence in other cii-cles, which led to much denunciation and the copious 
ehediling of ink." 



"Gij^.aner" Articles. 139 



XLIX. 

THE MONUMENT. 

September 15, 1855. 

Mr. Editor: — We left His Excellency John Hancock in 1793 
dying seized of Beacon Hill. The Hancock title I should charac- 
terize exclusivel}' by words beginning with d. Its descents, 
devisers, deeds, divisions, and dowers, with its doubts, difficulties, 
and defects, make it the very d — 1. It is truly the SehastopoU I 
may, perhaps, say the St. Helena., of conveyancers. Questions of 
legal construction, of great delicacy, constantly occurring and 
seemingly never ending, and the most complicated and embarrass- 
ing legal proceedings, mark it out conspicuouslv above all other 
estates in Boston as the one most to be dreaded by a novice, who 
has just put up his sign, and announced to a confiding public that 
he is ready to examine titles. If he ever hears the last of it he 
will be more fortunate than myself. The late John R. Adan, who 
was an eminently liractical man, for years before his death adopted 
and acted upon the maxim that he would never examine a title that 
came through anybody named Sjjear, — a rule which, from analogy 
of name and reason, he extended to Sinir)'. I have seen him 
gravely decline a retainer, alleging this ground of action, though 
the Mr. Spear in question assured him that he was not of the 
family of Governor Hancock, and that his title would be found 
extremely simple. 

The Governor died without issue, leaving a widow, a mother 
(Avho, by a subsequent marriage, had become Mrs. Perkins), a 
brother Ebenezer, and twelve children of a deceased sister, two of 
whom successively married Samuel Spear. One of these wives of 
Mr. Spear left seven children, who each claimed l-252d part. So 
minute was the share of each, that on a partition, in 1819, of the 
Beacon-street lands, each of these children had a strip set off 
measuring less than 18 inches on Beacon street in width by 80 feet 
in depth. Three of them were females, and with dresses of the 
present dimensions they certainly would have found it impracti- 
cable ever to make an entry upon their lands. 



140 City Document No. 105. 

Mt. Vernon street was laid out across the Hancock estate a few 
years after the Governor's death, in continuation of the lower part 
of the street, which had been laid out by the Mt. Vernon proprie- 
tors. Temple street stopped a few feet south of Derne street, or 
at the north base of Beacon Hill, which was the boundary of Tay's 
pasture. I do not propose to inflict upon you a detail of all the 
horrors and perplexities of this title. I will onl}' select a speci- 
men. A very elaborate partition was made in 1819 of this Beacon- 
Hill lot ; each of the said Spear children here getting a strip of land 
measuring less than two feet four inches on Mt. Vernon street by 
60 feet deep.'' 

There was assigned to Thomas Hancock, a non compos son of 
Ebenezer Hancock and one of the devisees of Mrs. Perkins, a 
tract of 1 7,392 feet, being full half of the present reservoir lot. It 
was bounded west on land of the Commonwealth, north on land of 
Joseph Blake, east on the lot set off to Ebenezer Hancock, his 
father, south on other lots set off to said Ebenezer, to John, who 
was brother and guardian of said Thomas, and on a lot left undi- 
vided for the respondents — and, strange to sa}-, there was no 
way to get to it. Was the partition void? If valid, there was 
of course a way of necessity somewhere ; but over what lot? It 
would obviously nearly ruin the lot subjected to such easement. 
Shall it be over John's lot, whose duty it was to have protected 
his ward's rights? Or shall the residuary lot be destroyed? These 
pleasant interrogatories suggested themselves to me when I first 
made a professional acquaintance with this tille. Brick houses 
had been erected, and were owned and occupied bj* Charles G. 
Loriug, Charles P. Curtis, and Thomas B. Curtis, Esqs- ; and the 
city had bought and built a brick school-house behind these houses 
on the large lot of Ebenezer Hancock. The erection of the reser- 
voir has ended all difficulty as to an}- way of necessity, as this 
back lot became incorporated with the adjoining lands by which 
it was separated from Derne and Hancock streets. Before this 
event Thomas Hancock would have found it as hard work to make 
a legal entry into his large lot, as his young relations would have 
found in getting into their small ones. The above is a '■^sample 
brick " of this legal edifice. 

Mr. Tay's street was subsequently extended to Mount Vernon 
street. I understand that the name of Temple street was selected 
as one of the names in the family of Governor Bowdoin, whose 

** By a note in the Transcript it seems these lots were 171 inches wide, and the Mou/it 
Vernon street land also then divided was 28 inches wide and sixty feet long. 

W, II. W 



** Gleaner" Articles. 141 

daughter was Elizabeth, Lady Temple, wife of Sir John Temple. 
He, as well as his father-in-law, was distinguished as a statesman 
and patriot. And we have seen that the heir in tail of the Bow- 
doin property was James Temple Bowdoin. So that His Excellency 
was accommodated with two streets, to say nothing of Bowdoin 
square, etc. And here I must be permitted to say a word or two 
more on the nomenclature of streets, upon which I have so often 
and, I fear, tediously dwelt already. Beacon street seems to have 
been so named because it did not lead to the beacon. Mount Ver- 
non street (as it ranged from east to west) was 300 feet nearer to 
it, and thus had a better right to have been so called. But Tem- 
ple street, as extended, actually hit the monument and knocked it 
over, and therefore was not named for it. 

The town conveyed to John Hancock and Samuel Spear, in 1811, 
the six rods square on which the monument stood, and all right in 
the highway leading to it, 30 feet by 60 feet (L. 238, f. 177), say 
11, 600 feet, for the miserable pittance of 80 cents per foot ($9,300). 
The monument was then a substantial structure, with inscriptions 
on its four sides. These are still preserved at the State House. 
My locomotive powers are still somewhat limited, and I shall not, 
therefore, at present visit and copy those inscriptions."^ I trust that 
they will preserve for the remembrance of a grateful posterity the 
names of those who, when they erected it, meant that it should 
stand for ages ; and I regret that I cannot consign -to deserved in- 
famy the names of those who so disgracefully turned an official 
penny by selling it. Such persons would sell a family graveyard ! 

An intelligent merchant of this citv, who came here in 1787, a 
boy of 11 years old, remembers that this monument was not then 
erected. There was at that time a stone basement, on which rested 
four horizontal timbers crossing each other in the centre. From 
this centre rose as high a mast as could be procured, which was 
further supported by braces. It was surmounted by a tar-barrcl, 
which, being set on fire, in case of danger, was to be a beacon to 
the country around. There was an apparatus of ladders for as- 
cending to this tar-barrel ; but, fortunately, it was never fomid 
necessar}' to give this warning signal. The hill was of a very pe- 
culiar conical shape and the boys were accustomed to throw tlieir 
Dalls up as far as possible towards its summit, which rebounded 
from it as from a wall. My boyhood was passed elsewhere. It is 
one of my especial sources of regret that I never saw Beacon Hill. 

Gleaner. 

« These inscriptions are supplied later, under ai-ticle LIV. — W. H. W. 



142 City Document No. 105. 



L. 

COOK'S 2i-ACRE PASTURE. 

September 17, 1855. 

Mr. Editor: — The British metropolis was once unpleasantly 
startled b}' the rumor tliat an aged libertine, the Duke of Queens- 
bury, daily recruited his exhausted and diseased frame by milk- 
bathiiig, and that the milk, after it had been thus used, was dis- 
tributed by the dealers among their customers. In asking you, 
Mr. Editor, to walk with me into the Beacon-Hill reservoir, I trust 
that we shall not cause a like alarm among the consumers of " Co- 
chituate." I fancy, indeed, that the visit will be found entirely 
harmless to them and to ourselves, since the neighbors assure me 
that it is quite a dry place, and that the reservoir is a massive 
f'ranite structure for holding water theoretically. 

We have already walked around most of its area. The main 
body of it is built on the Hancock title. On the north it iu eludes 
narrow parcels of land, derived from Joshua Scottow's four-acre 
pasture, which it would be a useless labor to trace back, step by 
step, to its parentage. On the west side, however, we meet with 
a strip 19 feet wide, which separated the Hancock estate from 
Hancock street. To this we will now direct our attention. 

In tracing the title of the IG^-acre pasture of Rev. James Allen, 
on the south side of Cambridge street, the south-easterly 2^ acres 
are found to have been bought b}- Mr. Allen of Mr. Davie, being 
the westerly moiety of a 5-acre pasture of Zacheus Bosworth. 
The east'irl}- moiety of that 5-acre pasture had been sold b\' his 
son, Samuel Bosworth, to Richard Cook, 16Go (Suff., L. 4, f. 320). 
These 2^ acres are bounded with Humphrey Davie westerly, with 
Thomas Buttolph, Sen., and Joshua Scottow's land north, with land 
of the widow Turner and of Thomas Miller [Millard] easterly, with 
land of Knight, with the highway and said Miller southerly, being 
the moiety of the land devised to me by my father. 

This tract extended westerly to a line 77 feet west of Belknap 
street, and easterly to a line 19 feet east of Hancock street. On 
the north it reached to the pastures of Scottow and Buttolph [i.e., 



"Gleaner" Articles. 14o 

to Myrtle street) , and on the south to the estates fronting on the 
Common, and to a "highway," of which particular mention is 
made below. Tliis Mr, Cook was progenitor of one of our first 
families. He died in 1671, and this land became the property of 
his son Elisha, who died in 1715, leaving two children, Elizabeth 
and Elisha, and on a division, in 1715 (Probate Records, 19, f. 
287) , there was set off to Elisha " the pasture land adjoining Bea- 
con Hill ; bounded east on Joseph Thompson ; south on Jeremiah 
Allen, west on Bellcnap, north on Shrimpton." [Shrimpton owned 
Beacon Hill, Thompson owned on the Common, Belknap had suc- 
ceeded Buttolph, etc.] Elisha Cook, in 1731, sold off to John 
Daniels (45, f. 236) a strip of land bounded north on Williams 
19 feet, south on my land 19 feet, east on Yeamans 361 feet 2, 
west hy the JiigJiway 361 feet 2. One Jacob Williams then owned 
the extreme lot of the Scottow pasture. So that Cook extended 
Hancock street through his pasture. It was at first called Turner 
street, and then George street. 

W. H. Montague, Esq., of this city, a few days since, showed 
me a plan^^ of the town taken in 1769, under the official patronage 
of Governor Burnett, which I believe to be unique and of great 
value. Its margin is filled up with details of much historical inter- 
est. On this plan is laid out George street, which begins and runs 
south from Cambridge street, and then makes a westerly jog in the 
general direction of Mt. Vernon street, and then runs into Bea- 
con street by the present Belknap street, the north part of the pres- 
ent Belknap street not being connected with this southerly part, 
so as to make one street, as at present. In other words, the north 
end of Hancock street and the south end of Belknap street, connected 
by a jog (in the neighborhood of Mt. Vernon street), then con- 
stituted one continuous highway from Cambridge to Beacon street, 
and the only one then existing. 

To my great delight there appeared on this plan an orchard, 
obviously the same one as on Bonner's plan of 1722. But, owing 
to its location in reference to George street, and the size of the 
plan, it became possible to fix its position very definitely. Tow- 
ards its south-easterly extremity was a house, and it is, I think, 

*"! do not understand this reference. Gov. Burnett an-ived here July 13, 1728, and 
died here Sept. 7, 1729. There was a map issued then and dedicated to hinj, but it 
does not show George street, with its jog. It gives a street where Hancock street now 
is. This map is i-eprintcd by Shdrtleff, and, on a small scale, in the " Memorial 
History," ii., 1. But in that history, ii., Ivi., is a reprint of an edition of Bonner's map, 
dated 1769, dedicated to Gov. Belcher, which shows George street as described in the 
text. — W. H. W. 



144 City Document No. 105. 

clear, that this house and orchard were the estate of our friend 
Humphrey Davy, on the south-east end of Rev. James Allen's past- 
ure, the title to 1 4-5ths acres of which was finally derived to the 
IMount Vernon proprietors, under deeds of Enoch Brown's heirs. 
This accounts for the name of Davis's lane, which by Bonner's plan 
ran diagonally through what is now the State-House lot, and passed 
westerly along the south end of this Cook's pasture terminating 
at the Davy estate, or 77 feet west of Belknap street. If, there- 
fore (of which there seems to be no doubt) , this was the orchard 
planted by Mr. Blackstone, it was not retained by him in the C- 
acre reservation (which he made when he sold his 50 acres, etc., 
to the inhabitants), as the G-acre lot was wholly west and south- 
west of this locality, since this orchard must have been by Pinckucy 
and Mt. Vernon streets, beginning west of Belknap street. 

My pleasure at looking round in Mr. Blaekstone's orchard was 
somewhat damped by finding, on and near this 19-feet strip, 
another nest cf rope-walks. I really feel, indeed, that I owe an 
apology for introducing to your notice, at this late day, other 
edifices of this description, so inexcusably overlooked in my pre- 
vious gleanings. In my next article I shall show that one of them 
has attained to a position of higher honor, and been owned by 
proprietors of greater distinction than any other rope-walk to whij!: 
I have heretofore called your attention. 

Gleakeq 



"Gleaner" Articles. 145 



LI. 



THE COMMONWEALTH'S ROrE-WALK. 

September IS, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — In our last article we left in John Daniels, 1731, 
a tract of land (part of Cook's pasture) measuring 3G1 feet 2 on 
the east side of Hancock street, and 19 feet deep. The northerly 
portion of this land was sold off, and became the property of 
" Box and Austin" ; the southeily part was sold to Ebenezer Mes- 
senger, 1734, bounded east on Yeamans, south on the children of 
Eben and Rebecca Messenger (Lib. 48, f. 213). In 1743 Daniels 
conveyed to John Henderson 312 feet by 19 feet (Lib. G8, f. 32), 
who died in 1747 ; and on a division, in 17G2, there were setoff to 
Nathaniel Green and Annabell, his wife, in her right, "the rope- 
walks near Beacon Hill, now improved by H. Inches ; also the 
house and land, now occupied by Mr. Gain,. near the rope-walks" 
(Probate Records, Lib. GO, f . 194) . Green and wife convey to Gov- 
ernor Hancock in 1765 (Lib. 105, f. 222) 120 feet by 19 feet. Green 
died. His widow, of course, married again. Her second hus- 
band, Richard Boynton, died in 1795; and she, while a widow, 
sold to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, in 1798 (Lib. 194, f. 
74), the residue bounded westerly on Turner street, 192 feet, 
east on land lying between the premises and Beacon Hill, 192 feet, 
north on the late John Box, and south on land of which Governor 
John Hancock died seized. 

Elisha Cook, besides extending Hancock street througli his 
pasture, also extended Belknap street from the south line of his 
pasture, but not through it northerly, so as to connect it wholly 
with that portion of Belknap street which communicated with 
Cambridge street. To this was given the elegant name of Clap- 
board street. Cook sold otf to John Daniels a rope-walk, measur- 
ing on west side of Hancock street 25 feet, and extending back 
261 feet, to laud of Wheelwriglit (who had succeeded Davy — 
1736, L. 52, f. 152). Cook died seized of two other rope-walks, 
together measuring 44 feet on Hancock street, and extending back 
westerly about 270 feet. The}' bounded north on Myrtle .street, 
and on the division of his estate, accepted in 1763, they were 



146 City Document No. 105. 

set off to Mar}', wife of Richard Saltonstall (Probate Records, Lib. 
62, f . 262) . These three rope-walks west of Hancock street formed 
a barrier separating Clapboard street from the northerly part of 
Belknap street. At a later day the street was continued through 
them. Such extension had not taken place when the plan of 17G9 
was made. All the lots west of Clapboard street became the 
property of Mason, Otis, etc., the Mount Vernon proprietors, 
except one small lot of 25 feet front and rear, the property of 
Middleton and Glapion. Pinckney street is opened through a 
portion of these lots ; and the present lines of Mt. Vernon street 
(formerly called in succession Olive street and Sumner street) 
cut off some of the southerly part of Cook's pasture. The title of 
many of these lots of Cook's pasture gets into Thomas Hancock. 
Thus Ebenezer Messenger conveyed to him, 1775 (Lib. 87, f. 76), a 
lot measuring 75 feet on the east side of Hancock street or Turner 
street, etc., partly held under Cook. Elisha Cook was a man of 
great wealth and high standing. He owned all the south side of 
State street from Kilby street to low-water mark, probabl}' of itself 
now worth all of a million of dollars ; also the large estates on 
School street, on both sides of Chapman place, which was long 
known as Cook's court. 

This rope-walk, east of Hancock street, was bought by the Com- 
monwealth, not, however, with any view of going into that 
business. It wa^ used as the residence of the Messenger of the 
State-House, there being a narrow dwelling-house erected on it, 
with a yard in front lying along the street. Here for many years 
lived Jacob Kuhn, the honest, vigilant, and courteous guardian of 
the neighboring official ediftce. It was he who, when a young lad, 
was passing along the Granar}' buryiug-ground, shortly after Mr. 
Adino Paddock had caused a row of young trees to be set out on 
the sidewalk. He took hold of one of these slender saplings, and 
thouglitlessly began to shake it (a feat, by the way, which ^vould 
now be of difficult performance). In a moment Mr. Paddock 
darted out from his house opposite, and served Mm as he had 
served the tree. Mr. Kuhn was the agent for collecting the bills 
of the old Aqueduct Corporation. He presented, on one occasion, 
a bill to the late Dr. Bowditch, which he paid accordingly. The 
next day Mr. Kuhn called and said, " In paying the bill yester- 
day you made a slight mistake." Dr. B said, "How can you 
tell what I gave you?" — "I always tear off the blank paper at 
the edge of the account, write on it the name of the party, and 
pin to that paper the particular bills in which it is paid. I did so 



** Gleaner" Akticles. 147 

with 3'our bill, and am sure that 3'ou made a mistake." Dr. B. 
said, "I am satisfied, and will cheerfully correct the error." — 
"But," said Mr. Kuhn, "the mistake is in your favor. You 
gave me a $50 bill instead of a $5. " Dr. B. then said, " It is 
delightful to me to meet with a man who is so exact and methodi- 
cal in his business habits, and who at the same time is so per- 
fectly upright. You must keep the Si"), and purchase some dress, 
etc., for vour wife, telling her, from me, that she ought to feel 
proud of her husband." 

The rope-walk now constitutes the westerly lateral support of 
the Beacon-Hill Reservoir, an edifice which cost half a million of 
dollars, A high destiny and worthy of its dignified ownership. 
No other rope-walk can ever hope to compete with this. Though 
the last, it is not the lea^^t, in our list of the rope-walks of Boston. 

Our graceful, conical hill, with the monument that surmounted 
it for its protection and embellishment, has long since ceased to 
exist. It is fitly replaced by the Beacon-Hill reservoir. The 
Roman aqueducts are among the grandest vestiges of ancient 
civilization. This structure will, to coming generations, be as 
noble a memorial of the genius, science, and enterprise of the 
present age.'" We have, indeed, lost a majestic pinnacle reared 
by the God of Nature ; but there has arisen in its stead a glorious 
creation of human wisdom and beneficence. Gleankr. 

P.S. — On applj'ing to James W. Baldwin, Esq., respecting the 
details of the reservoir building, a very elegant plan was cour- 
teously prepared for my use, by Mr. Richards, which, while it 
impresses me forcibly with the ingenuity of the arrangements, I 
find it impossible accurately and adequately to describe. The 
lateral walls are double, the outside one being over 3 feet thick, 
and the inner one being of varying width from 5 to 3 feet. The 
vacant space between them is over 7 feet in width from the base to 
about the height of the arches on Derue street. These two walls 
are united together at the top, and also at the bottom. The 
width of the Derne-street arches is over 20 feet in the clear. The 
depth of the foundation, and the height of the building, and the 
thickness of the immediate basin of the reservoir above the 
arches, I am unable to state. 

<' It is, however, ti-ue that, in 1883, the resei-voir has become a thing of the past. 
Being pronounced useless, the massive structure has been removed, and the land 
appropriated for the site of a Court-House. The next generation may see that build- 
ing also removed, if indeed it ever be erected. — W. H. W. 



148 City Docxbient No. 105. 



LIT. 

THE STATE-HOUSE LOT. 

September 21, 1855. 

Mr. Editor: — In our Beacon-Hill researches we have already 
found the deed of John Turner to Col. Samuel Slirlmpton \n 1673 
(L. 8, f. 329), embracing the east gore of the State-House lot, 
bounded " on the way leading up from the Training field to Gentry 
Hill on the east side," and " on land of said Samuel, westerly." 
We have also seen that the executrix of Robert Turner sold, in 
1870, the Beacon-Hill lot behind the State-House, bounded south 
on Thomas Millard. He was an original possessor of land in this 
vicinity, having half an acre bounded with the Common south, 
Richard Truesdale west, Thomas Scottow east; and he bought 
in 1681 of Zacheus Bosworlh one acre, bounded with Edward 
Huchinson north, the Common south, Thomas Millard east, and 
said Zacheus west (Possessions, f. 76). In a deed of 1661 (L. 

10, f. 212) a lot west of the State-House land is conveyed as 
bounded both east and west on Thomas Millard. 

Millard died in 1669. His inventory is " a small parcel of land 
lying on the side of the Century Hill and fronting the Common, 
£20." This small parcel was the whole of the State-House lot ex- 
cept the gore which had been bought of Turner. " John Lake and 
Thomas Blighe, administrators of Thomas Millard, gave posses- 
sion by turf and twig" of the premises, and also " of the land by 
Century Hill," to Samuel Shrimpton^ attorney of Alice Sxdft, 
sister, etc. of said Millard, Oct. 18, 1672 (L. 8, f. 308). On 
Feb. 23, 1673-4, the administrators acicnowledged that possession 
was so delivered because the estate had been recovered out of 
their hands. " The adjoining westerly lot is conveyed 1679 (L. 

11, f. 212), as bounded east on land late of Millard, since in the 
tenure of Shrimplon." 

Now, I really hope that Col. Shrimpton dealt fairly with Miss 
Alice Swift, and did not keep to his own use that which he 
received possession of " by turf and twig," merely as her attorney. 
I am, however, unable to furnish any record evidence of his integ- 
rity in this matter. He must stand upon his general reputation, 



"Gleaner" Articles. 149 

which was that of a man of honor. It is at any rate now too late 
for the good hidv to oust the Commonwealtli. Nor do I thinii: 
that Mr. DaA^y, whose lane used to run diagonally from the south- 
east to the north-west corner of this lot, can now disturb the 
territory by any ancient right of way to his pasture. 

In a former article we have referred to the deaths of Mr. Shrimp- 
ton, 1G98, and of his widow, Mrs. Stoddard, in 1713. We have 
seen that his grand-daughter, Elizabeth Shrirapton, married John 
Ycamans, 1720, and died, leaving a son, Shute Shrimpton Yea- 
mans, who, in 1742, joined with his father in leaving*^ an entail 
created by Mrs. Stoddard, and supposed to incUide this lot ; and 
we have also referred to his final deed (after his father's death) 
to Tliomas Hancock, 1752 (L. 81, f. 168). This deed was for the 
consideration of £220, lawful money of Great Britain. So that 
the State-House lot, and all north of it nearly to Derne street 
(excepting the town's lot, on the top f)f the hill), is l)eld under a 
deed of a century ago, at the cost of eleven hundred dollars. It 
would now be worth eleven hundred thousand dollars. A thousand- 
fold rise of value, even in a century, is very fair for such an old 
place as Boston. 

We have also seen the death of Thomas Hancock, in 1763, 
devising to his wife Lydia, nnd her devise in 1777 to Governor 
John Hancock, who died seized in 1793. Among the items in his 
inventory is " the pasture adjoining the garden and Beacon Hill, 
between the mansion house and D. D. Rogers, £3,000." In 1795 
this pasture was conveyed to the inhabitants of Boston. Thus 
Mary Perkins (the mother of the Governor) conveyed her right 
for S4,444 44 (L. 180, f. 116); Ebenezer Hancock, his brother, 
made a deed precisely similar, for the same consideration (L. 180, 
f. 117) ; and the widow released her right of dower {lb., f. 118), 
etc. It is needless to enumerate any other conveyances. So that 
60 years ago the whole State-House lot was valued at §13,333.33, 
or thirteen thousand dollars. It is described as " Governor Han- 
cock's pasture, beginning at south-east corner of his garden, and 
running easterly on Beacon street 243 feet 3 inches to the corner 
of a street or passage- wa}- leading up to Bacon hill, thence run- 
ning north on said passnge-way towards said hill 249 feet more or 
less, then running (>n a westerlj' course on another passage-way 

^' Undoubtedly a printer's error for " barring an entail." The Shutes did so bar the 
entail by a lease and release to Ilcnry Caswell and Col. Estes Il-itch, at the time stated 
See Sutf. Deeds, Lib. 66, fol. 271, and the reference ante, p. 132 of this volume. — W. 
U. W. 



1 



150 City Document No. 105. 

leading round said Beacon Hill 235 feet 3 inches, to the north-east 
corner of the garden, then running on a line with the garden about 
371 feet to the first bounds." These two passage-ways are the 
present Mount Vtrnon street, which runs north, and then bends at 
a right angle westerly. 

The conveyance from the town of Boston to the Coramonweallli 
is dated ISIay 2, 1795 (L. 182, f. 144). It is in consiileration of 
Jive shillings, etc., and is declared to be made " in fee-simple 
forever for the purpose of erecting buildings and finishing thereon 
a State House for the accommodation of all the legisbitive and 
executive branches of government, and such other public build- 
ings or oflSces, with their appurtenances, as may be necessary and 
conveni(!nt, and may be required for the suitable accommodation 
of the several departments of government." In tlie face of the 
manifest intention of this deed it is somewhat amusing to re- 
member the grave deliberations that have been held year after 
year about moving the seat of government somewhere else, and at 
the same time pocketing the proceeds of this estate, as the absolute 
property of the Commonwealth. 

Gleaker. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 151 



LTTI. 

GOVERNOR HANCOCK'S HOUSE. 

September 25, 1855. 

Mr. Editor: — Next west of the State House, on "Governor 
Hancock's pasture," came His Excellency's mansion house and gar- 
den, being the large area between Beacon street, Belknap (or J03') 
street, Mt. Vernon street, and State-House lot. The original pos- 
sessor seems to have been Zacheus Bosworth, who, as we have seen, 
sold off in 1651 to Thomas Millard one acre (part of the State-House 
lot), bounded with the Common south, said Millard east, and said 
Zacheus west (Possessions, p. 76). By his will, dated 23, 5th 
month, 1655, proved August 30th, Bosworth devises to his 
"daughter Elizabeth 2 acres of land with a mare, or else the barn 
with a piece of land to it, to be laid out by my overseers." (Probate 
Records, 1, f. 112.) 

John Mors and Elizabeth, his wife, conveyed to Ricliard Knight 
and his brother-in-law, Jolin AVing, June 7th, 1661 (L. 10, f. 
212), two acres of land in the Century field, formerly devised by 
Zacheus Bosworth to his daughter, the said Elizabeth, bounded on 
the Common south, on Thomas Millard east and west, on Samuel 
Bosworth north (Samuel Bosworth owned and sold Cook's 2^ 
acre pasture north of this laud), reserving a ten-feet way for 
Samuel Bosworth from the Common. Thus the Beacon-street end 
of Belknap street was at first a mere matter of private accommo- 
dation for Mr. Samuel Bosworth to cart ha}' off from his pasture. 

John Wing mortgaged his moiety to the worshipful John 
Richards, for the use of " the Major," Robert Thompson, of Lon- 
don, in 1677 (L. 10, f. 219), and Knight moi'tgaged his moietj' to 
the same worshipful grantee, in his own right, in 1679 (L. 11, f. 
212), this deed bounding east on land late of Millard, since in the 
tenure of Samuell Sln-impton. Peaceable possession was given in 
1684, so that the title became absolute. The worshipful John 
died in 1694 ; one item of his will is, "I give to Mr. John Alford, 
son of Benjamin Alford, all that piece or parcel of land lying near 
Beacon Hill, which I bought of Richard Knight, now in Ihe 



152 City Document No. 105. 

occupation of said Beujamin, I having forraeil}' given it to his said 
son John, but he hath no deed of it." 

At the Inferior Court of Common Pleas, October Term, 1717, 
partition was had by John Alford of his moiety against Joseph 
Thompson, of London, as owning the other moietjs and the east- 
erly half of the land was set off to Alford. In 1732 he sells off a 
small lotto Ebenezer Messenger, 20 feet by 58 feet (Lib. 49, f. 248) 
in which is subsequently conveyed to Mr. Hancock. He conveyed, 
1735, to Thomas Hancock (Lib. 51, f. 117) " a lot near Beacon 
Hill bounded south-east on the Common 135 feet 4 inches, south- 
west on Jolm Thompson, of London, 341 feet, north-west on the 
highway 155 feet, and north-east on Col. Samuel Shrimpton (i.e., 
the vState-House lot) 263 feet." For this lot of an acre on Beacon 
street, on which stands the stone mansion, Mr. Hancock paid 
£1,000 in good bills of the Provinces. 

The Thompson moiety tumbled about from heir to heir, under 
the English entail created by the major, to which I have referred 
in the case of his two-acre pasture by Somerset street. William 
Thompson, of Eltsham, England, the ultimate heir in tail, barred 
the entail in 1758 (L. 93, f. 124, 125), and, by Andrew Oliver, 
his attorney, conveyed to said Thomas Hancock, in 1759 (L. 93, 
f. 158), "all that tract of land set off to Joseph Thompson on 
partition with John Alford, in 1717,— October Term of the Court 
of Common Pleas, — measuring 135 feet southerly on the Common, 
and northerly in the rear 93 feet on Elisha Cook, west on land of 
Samuel Sewall, or a lane between it and the premises, and east on 
the lot set off to Alford." So that Mr. Samuel Bosworth's 10-feet 
alley had reacl)ed the dignity of being, perhaps^ a lane. It had 
not yet attained its full-grown glories as Joy street. And for this 
acre Mr. Hancock paid £150 sterling more. 

At these trifling prices Mr. Hancock acquired all the land west 
of the State-House to J03' street. He devised, as we have seen, 
in 1763, to his widow Lydia, who died in 1777, devising to her 
husband's nephew. Governor Hancock, who died seized in 1793 
of this great estate thus cheaply acquired. Gleaner. 

TO GLEANER. 

September 24, 1855. 

SiK, — As you have ingenuously confessed in one of your articles that you never 

saw Beacon Hill, you will permit one who saw it often, and had, as a child, a familiar 

acquaintance with its dandelions and buttercups, to tell you something about it. It 

was, at my earliest recollection, in its full glory, surmounted by a graceful column, 



"Gleaner" Articles. 153 

on whose top perched a gilded eagle, and on whose base were tho=e inscriptions which 
I am still young enough to go to the State-House to copy, as I mean to do, for this 
article before I have done. But let us go back to the time when the hill was as 
described by your ancient friend ; when there was, in place of the column, a stone 
basement, on which rested four horizontal timbers, crossing each other in the centime. 
From this centre rose a mast, holding on its top a tar-baiTcl, which in case of danger was 
to be set on fire, to be a beacon to the country round. This preparation was adaptea 
to a time of war, but it was happily never needed; when the war ended, the beacon 
was but a remnant of thir/gs that had been. Thus it remained till about four years 
after the war, when a young gentleman returned from Europe who had been passing 
a year in England, France, and Italy, led thither not by motives of business, but what 
was then unusual, by a love of art, particularly that art which, in a young community 
is the most practically useful, — Architecture. This young gentleman, Charles Bul- 
finch, was the son of that Bulfinch whose name, as the owner of the pasture, has found 
a place in some of your communications. On his return home he immediately begun 
to put in exercise those tastes for architectural impi'ovement which he had carried 
with him abroad, and nourished by all that he saw. The first idea that occurred to 
him was to remove the unsightly timbers of the old beacon from their conspicuous 
site, and replace them with a handsome column, i-eserabling at an humble distance 
those he had seen in London, Paris, and Rome. How the funds were obtained I do 
not know, but presume the method that has been so often used since was employed, and 
a subscription paper passed around ; and am equally well satisfied that in that case, as in 
later ones, the prime mover in the scheme had to take all the trouble and make up aU 
deficiencies himself. 

The monument, designed by Mr. Bulfinch, and built under his superintendence, 
bore on its pedestal tablets of slate, with inscriptions written by him. On two sides 
the principal civil and military events of the Revolution, with their dates, were in- 
scribed. On the third and fourth sides one read as follows : — 

To Commemorate 

that TRAIN of EVENTS 

which led 

to the AMERICAN" REVOLUTION, 

and finally secured 

LIBERTY and INDEPENDENCE 

to the United States, 

This COLUMN is erected 

by the voluntary contributions 

of the CITIZENS 

of Boston, 

ATDCCXC. 



AMERICANS ! 

While from this EMINENCE, 

scenes of luxuriant fertility, 

of flourishing commerce, 

and the abodes 

of social happiness, 

meet your view, 

Forget not those 

who by their exertions 

have secured to you 

these blessings. 



154 City Document No. 105. 

The column stood till about the year 1808, when at last the suit between the 
Hancock heirs and the town was decided in favor of the foiTner, and it became certain 
that the hill must be dug down, with the exception of a limited space in the centre. 
It seemed useless for the town to retain this square pile of earth (for such it would 
liave been), bounded with perpendicular sides, and therefore it was sold to share the 
fate of the rest. This is, according to ray recollections, the reason why the town 
parted with what, if it could have been preserved entire, would have been, as you 
say, a unique and unrivalled ornament. But the times were hard, embarg'o 
and commercial restrictions had crushed the trade and damped the spirits of the 
community. The liberal and public-spirited individual throujjh whose agency the 
monument had been erected had fallen a victim to the derangements of the times, 
and, in the enterprise of Franklin place, had made shipwreck of his fortunes. No 
other stood ready to redeem the liill from its fate by buying up the Hancock claim, 
and the hill fell, and the monument disappeared, leaving only the tablets, which still 
meet the visitor's eye as he prepares to ascend to the lantern on the top of the State- 
House, a spot from which a view similar to that which used to be commanded 
from the top of Beacon Hill may still be seen, with its " scenes of luxuriant 
fertilitj-," etc. 

At my earliest recollection the appearance of the hill was this : a grassy hemi- 
sphere, so steep that one could with difficulty mount its sides, descending with a 
perfectly regular cun'e to the streets on the south, west, and north. On the east it 
had been encroached upon, and the contour was broken. Just opposite the end of 
Coolidge avenue, on Derne street, there was a flight of wooden steps, ten or fifteen in 
number, leading part way up the hill. After that one had to climb the rest of the 
way by aid of the foot-holes that had been worn in the surface, along a wide path 
worn bare by the feet, to the top, where there was also a space of some fifty feet 
square, worn bare of sod. In the midst of this space stood the monument. De- 
scending by the south side, one followed a similar rough gravel path to another 
flight of plank steps, leading down the level of Mt. Vernon street, and terminating at 
about the position of the front of Xo. 13 TSIount Vernon street, the first house of those 
facing south. 

The sport of batting the ball up the hill and meeting it again on its descent was 
played by some ; but it was not so easy a game as one would at first suppose, on account 
of the difficulty of maintaining one's footing on the hill-side, which was so steep as 
to require some skill even to stand erect on it. The appearance of the hill in winter 
I do not recollect ; but I think it must have been generally bai'e of snow, from its 
elevated position, and I do not recollect having even seen sleds used on it. But you 
can ask C. P. C, or T. B. C, or G. H K., or Dr. R., or Marshall F., and they can 
correct or confii-m my impressions on this point. T. B. 

[The Monument on Beacon Hill. — The account of the Beacon Hill monument, on 
the first page, will be read with much interest. A portrait of Mr. Charles Bulfinch, 
the gentleman alluded to, taken while he was in Europe, at the age of twenty-six, is 
now on exhibition at the Athenaeum. — Note in the Transcript.] 

From a careful copy of these inscriptions in the " American Magazine," ii., 47, 
(Boston, 1835), we supply the other two tablets. Those givei were placed respec- 
tivelv on the south and east sides. — W. H. W". 



(On the "West side.) 
Stamp act passed 1765, repealed 1766. 

Board of customs established 1767. 
British Troops fired on the inhabitants 



"Gleaner" Articles. 155 

of Boston, March 5, 1770. 

Tea Act passed 1773. 

Tea destroyed in Boston, Dec. 16, 1773. 

Poi-t of Boston shut and guarded June 1, 1774. 

General Congress at Philadelphia, Sept. 5. 

Provincial Congi-ess at Concord, Oct. IL 

Battle at Lexington, April 19, 1775. 

Battle at Bunker Hill, June 17. 

WASHINGTON took command of the Army, July 2. 

Boston evacuated, March 17, 1776. 

Independence declared by Congress, July 4. 

JOHN HANCOCK, President. 



(On the North side.) 
Capture of Hessians at Trenton, Dec. 26, 1776. 
Capture of Hessians at Bennington, August 16, 1777. 
Capture of British Army at Saratoga, October 17. 

Alliance with France, Feb. 6, 1778. 

Confederation of the United States formed, July 9. 

Constitution of Massachusetts formed, 1780. 

BOWDOIN, President of Convention. 

Capture of British Army at York, October 19, 1781. 

Preliminaries of Peace, Nov. 30, 1782. 

Definitive Treaty of Peace, Sept. 10, 1783. 

Federal Constitution fonned, Sept. 17, 1787, 

And Eatified by the United States, 1787 to 1790. 

New Congress assembled at New York, April 6, 178&. 

WASHINGTON inaugurated President, AprU 30. 

Public Debts Funded, August 4, 1790. 



156 City Document No. 105. 



LIV. 

THOMAS BULFINCH, ESQ. 

September 23, 1855. 

I am much gratified to have been in any way the cause of the 
interesting communication of T. B.* I was not aware tliat the 
monument on Beacon Hill was planned by the late Charles Bul- 
finch. He has, however, left a far more imposing specimen of 
his taste as an architect. The State-House was planned by him, 
though I have always been informed that the wings were originally 
designed to have been of greater length than the present, as com- 
pared with the centre and the dome. Whatever may be its 
architectural defects, however, it is a great ornament to our city, 
and produces a very striking and agreeable effect when first seen 
from a distance. The recent addition on its north side has made 
the edifice bulge out in that direction in a manner which the 
neighbors doubtless consider unsightly, however convenient it 
may be for the occupants, and however well it maj', on the whole, 
accord with the rest of the structure. (The stone embankment 
wall on the east side of the State-House has been the most costly 
item in our State expenditures. It was undermined by the frost, 
and had to be replaced in the most substantial manner. The 
estimates of this wall were, I believe, about $6,000. His Ex- 
cellency, in his message, incidentally suggested that the cost had 
somewJiat exceeded the estimate. It was, I believe, over $20,000.) 
I regret very much to see that there is any intermeddling with the 
foundations of the main building. Nothing indeed, now, even of 
the most fundamental character, is held sacred. I sincerely hope 
that the State-House will not share the fate of the monument. 

Gleaner. 

♦See ante, page 152. — W. H. W. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 157 



LV. 

JOHN HANCOCK. 

September 28, IS 55. 

Mr. Editor: — As long as America shall continue to hold a 
piace among the nations of the earth the memory of John Hancock 
will endure. Few men during life have been more higlily lauded, 
or more bitterly assailed. To an entire disregard, and even a 
culpable neglect, of exactness in money matters, he united great 
liberality, botli public and private. While Harvard College was 
dunning him in vain for a settlement of accounts as its late treas- 
urer, he appropriated several hundred pounds sterling to purchase 
an elegant carpet and other articles in London, which he generously 
presented to that Seminary. And I suppose there is no doubt 
that eventually he repaid to it, at least, as much as the amount of 
his indebtedness. So remiss was he in regard to his own affairs 
that some very valuable real estate was actually taken from him 
under levy on execution. But his official signature nobly repre- 
sented Massachusetts on the most important document in the his- 
tory of our countr}'. 

James Bowdoin was originall}^ chosen a delegate to the first 
Continental Congress. It was a glorious post of duty and respon- 
sibility, — one which the whole previous and subsequent tenor of 
his life alike shows that he would not have ahunned or evaded. 
The avowed reason for declining was doubtless tlie true one, — the 
infirm state of his wife's health. [See address at Bowdoin College, 
1849, by Robert C. Winthrop, a great-grandson of Governor Bow- 
doin.] Upon how slight a circumstance sometimes depends the 
gain or the loss of the highest prizes of life ! Mr. Hancock was 
chosen as his substitute, and achieved for himself that immortality 
which might otherwise have been his rival's. 

When the French fleet visited Boston a grand entertainment 
was given to its officers at the Governor's mansion. It was a 
breakfast, or, as it would now be called, a matinee. Believing that 
all good citizens would be glad to contribute, the Governor issued 
a summary order that all the cows on Boston Common should be 
milked to furnish supplies for the occasion. I am not aware that 
any action of trespass was ever brought against His Excellency for 
this truly arbitrary confiscation of i)rivate property. 



158 City Document No. 105. 

These festivities on shore were reciprocated upon the water by 
our gallant allies. As the wife of His Excellency was seated at the 
table, on which was spread an elegant collation, on board the vessel 
of the French commander, he requested her (without any reason as- 
signed) to ring a small bell which he handed her, or to do some 
other slight act which he designated. She did so. This was the 
preconcerted signal for a general salute from all the guns of the 
fleet. She was startled alike out of her official dignity and per- 
sonal propriety by the deafening peal of artillery that iramediatelj' 
ensued. 

Governor Hancock thought that, as the Chief Magistrate of 
Massachusetts, it was not for him to take the first step, even when 
" The Father of our Country " visited us. He felt that his dignity, 
or, more properly, the dignity of the sovereign State which he 
represented, would be compromised b^' his making the first call, 
even on Washington. His Excellency, however, speedily dis- 
covered his mistake, and certainly took, or was supposed by the 
public to have taken, an ingenious mode of correcting it. Swath- 
ing liis limbs in flannels, — the victim of a sudden attack of the 
gout, — he caused himself to be carried to visit the President, who, 
whatever may have been his private convictions, could not hesitate 
to accept and excuse the tardy civilities of such a suffering invalid. 
Thus, singularly enough, it was by denying himself the use of his 
natural legs that His Excellency got upon his legs again in this 
matter of etiquette. Washington and his suite were detained 
several hours upon the Neck, and, the da^' being very chilly and 
disagreeable, many people became ill with what was called 
the " Washington cold." The President's dinner also grew cold 
(atS. S. Pierce's grocery store, °° at the corner of Tremont and 
Court streets) ; but a supplementary fish, of great excellence, being 
obtained at the last moment, was served up in the most approved 
and satisfactory' manner. The non-arrival of a fish once caused 
the despair and suicide of a French cook ; the arrival of this fish 
saved an American landlord, under even more desperate circum- 
stances, when he was doubtless making divers sentimental ejacula- 
tions, though he would not, probabh', at last have resorted to such 
a tragical proof of loj'alty. 

It is, however, due to His Excellency to state that he was really 
a frequent martyr to the gout. My informant, 80 years old, 



«• During the year 1883 this building has been at last torn down, to be replaced 
by a magnificent store, again occupied by Mr. Pierce. — W. H. W. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 159 

rememheis tliat on one occasion he opened the session of the 
Legislature by a speech delivered with great dignity and efTect, 
although from a seat which was almost a conchy his limbs being on 
this occasion wrapped in flannels, from the bona-fide necessities of 
the case. And it may be that such was the real cause of his 
dilatory call on Washington, the popular opinion to the contrary 
notwithstanding. 

When President Jackson visited Boston '" I was a young man, 
and had just discovered the delights of horsemanship. I had 
never been made to embrace mother earth by either of the various 
processes of stumbling, rearing, halting, or shying. These 
saddening experiences came later in life. Seized, therefore, with 
a fit of equestrian patriotism, I determined to join the calvacade 
which was to escort the city's guest from the Neck. I was mount- 
ed on a fine spirited horse, and we were duly formed in a line, 
in front of which the procession was to pass. Just as the Presi- 
dent was approaching us, the noise of the music and the shouts 
excited and alarmed my steed, and, after sundry demonstrations, 
which I, at least, regarded as very serious, he finally became quiet, 
with his tail exactly where his head should have been, and vice 
versa. In the earlier part of these performances I had great 
difficult}^ in preserving my own centre of gravity, and the specta- 
tors, to a man, lost their gravity at its conclusion. I was aware 
that by thus turning my back upon him I was treating the head of 
the nation with apparent discourtesy. But on reflection I became 
satisfied ihat my presidential visit had not proved more embarrass- 
ing and awkward to myself, or the source of more amusement and 
ridicule to lookers-on, than did Governor Hancock's visit to Wash- 
ington : and tLiat, with the best intentions, each of us was merely 
the unhappy victim of a little want of tact, and that I had one 
great advantage over His Excellency, viz., nobody knew who I 
was. 

Dorothy, the widow of Governor Hancock, survived him nearly 
40 years, or till 1830. She married again, and is better known 
to us as Madame Scott. The whole of this mansion-house estate 
(except a triangular gore between Mount Vernon place and street) 
was assigned to her as her dower, as was also Hancock's wharf. 
Evicted fiom this latter very valuable estate as lately as 1817, 
under foreclosure of a mortgage made in 1774, for onl}- £1.650 1.3s. 

»i Jackson anived in Boston, June 21, 1833, and remained here five days. — W. H. W. 



160 City Document No. 105. 

5d., she attempted to obtain a new assignment of dower; but the 
Court refused it, because she had given her express assent to the 
original assignment (13 Mass. Rep., 162, Scott vs. Hancock). 
This is one of a series of perhaps a dozen lawsuits in our Reports 
relative to lands of Governor Hancock. 

I trust that for many a spring yet to come that old stone man- 
sion will continue to stand, *^ and the lilac-bushes to blossom in the 
green enclosure on which it fronts. Long life to its now aged 
proprietor, whose laudable pride of ancestry has hitherto preserved, 
for the gratification alike of the community and of himself, this 
interesting domestic memorial of the First Signer of the Declara- 
tion of Lidependerxe ! 

Gleaner. 

^^ The demolition of this mansion to give place to two modern houses, a few years 
since, inflicted an iiTcparable loss upon the city. — W. H. W. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 161 



liVI. 

HOUSES ON HANCOCK ESTATE. 

October 1, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — The estate of Governoi* Hancock on Beacon 
street and hill (say 3i acres) would now, undoubtedly, be worth 
a million and a half of dollars. It would not be interesting to the 
public, or professionally expedient, for me to enlarge on the non- 
compos proceedings, sales by guardians of minors, and by admin- 
istrators, executory devises, and sundry other like matters, which 
form the legal history of this spot. 

In 1815, Beacon street was widened by cutting off from this 
estate a strip, which was 17 feet wide at the State-House land, and 
20 feet wide at a point 92 feet 6 from Belknap street. A plan is 
recorded in L. 250, f. 76. 

Mt. Vernon place and the 20-feet way behind it have been laid 
out through this land ; and Mt. Vernon avenue, or Hancock avenue 
(or Cato alley, as it has been jocosely called, from its affording a 
convenient access across the Common to and from the northerly 
end of Belknap street) , was laid out by mutual agreement between 
the Commonwealth and these proprietors. There is no other range 
of houses in Boston, that I know of, whose entire value depends 
on light, air, and prospect enjoyed merely by sufferance, i.e., over 
the land of the Commonwealth. Should that land ever be covered 
by buildings these residences would become houses on a ten-feet 
alley, and the name above suggested would then be signally appro- 
priate, as they would probably be occupied by the present denizens 
of the lower part of Belknap street. 

There now stand upon these Hancock lands many of the most 
desirable residences in the city. Thus, west of the Hancock man- 
sion, on Beacon street, are the four elegant dwellings of Samuel 
A. Eliot, of Mrs. Gardiner Greene, of Mrs. George Parkman, and 
of J. Bowdoin Bradlee. In the rear of these, on the south side of 
Mount Vernon place, are seven others, the corner one of which, 
on Belknap street, was owned and occupied by the late Hon. Theo- 
dore Lyman, the munificent founder of the first reform school in 



162 City Document No. 105. 

the Commonwoalth. On the north side of saul place, and front- 
ing on Belknap and Mount Vernon streets, are six more houses ; 
the first owned and occupied by George VV. Lyman, Esq., who is, 
or was, also proprietor of several of the others. There are seven 
houses on the avenue or " alley." Back of the State-House, on 
the north side of Mount Vernon street, is an elegant block of seven 
costly residences, extending from Hancock to Temple street, all 
which, except a strip of the westerly house, come under this title. 
On the same street (easterly of Temple street) are two houses of 
smaller size and cost ; and on the east side of Temple street 
another block of eight houses of the same character. These two 
last ranges of houses cover, as we have seen, the site of the 
monument, and the chief part of the six rods square around it, 
there being only a small portion of it on the west side of Temple 
street. 

The result is, that on the Hancock estate, besides the State- 
House and most of the Reservoir, there have been laid out four or 
five streets or ways, on which stand, in all, say forty brick dwell- 
ing-houses. The grounds belonging to the old stone mansion 
house will eventually — I trust, however, at a distant day — 
afford space enough for three more as elegant residences as can be 
built in tlie city. A magnificent estate truly, and jet acquired by 
the ancestor of the Hancock family within about a century (1735, 
1752, 1759), at a cost of £1,000 province currency, £150 sterling, 
and £220 lawful money of Great Britain ; and if " Inquirer " is 
right, as he probably is, in estimating the £1,000 at only §333^, 
the total cost would have been only slightly above two thousand 
dollars. 

In view alike of the two public edifices which have been erected 
on it, and of the distinguished public services of its former pro- 
prietor, it never has been and never can be surpassed in interest 
by an}' private estate within the limits of Boston. It is, indeed, a 
coincidence no less striking than agreeable, that on one and the 
same homestead should stand, as it were, side by side together, 
the edifice of our State sovereignty, and the mansion of him whose 
signature was first affixed to our national charter. 

Gleaneb. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 163 

L.VII. 

SEW ALL'S ELM PASTURE. 
Octoher 4, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — Who ever heard of " Sewall's Elm pasture," or 
of Coventry street, Sewall street, and Bishop Stoke street ? Some 
of your readers, who are in a state of ignorance on these points, 
may, perhaps, be glad to be enlightened. 

West of Bosworth's passage-way to his pastures, afterwards 
Belknap or Joy street, came a 5-acre pasture, derived under Rich- 
ard Truesdale and Thomas Millard. In Book of Possessions 
(f. 62) Richard Truesdale's possession is three-fourths of an acre, 
bounded on the Common south, Nathaniel Eaton north, Bosworth 
west, and Thomas Millard east. 

Thomas Millard's possession was half an acre, bounded with the 
Common south, Richard Truesdale west, Thomas Scottow east 
and north. Zacheus Bosworth's possession (f. 63) was two acres 
in the new field, bounded with the Common south, Richard Trues- 
dale east, Jane Parker west, Wm. Wilson and John Ruggles north ; 
also IJ- acres bounded with Thomas Millard south, James Johnson 
north, Edward Dennis east, and Richard Sherman west. Bos- 
worth, as we have seen, conveyed to said Millard one acre, 
bounded with Edward Hutchinson north, the Common south, 
Thomas Millard east, and said Zacheus west, October 10, 1651, 
— being part of the State-House lot, — and transmitted to his 
daughter the whole two acres of the Hancock laud west of the 
State House. For practical purposes, notwithstanding the de- 
ficiency of contents as stated in the Book of Possessions, the 
title is safe under the two following deeds to the whole laud there- 
by convej'ed : — 

Richard Truesdale and Mary his wife to Thomas Deane — deed 
May 14, 1667 (Lib. 5, i. 234). Three acres, more or less, bounded 
on the Common south, on Thomas Millard north and east, on 
Francis East west, on Thomas Brattle and Humphrey Davy north- 
westerly. 

Thomas Miller conveyed to said Deane, May, 1768 (Lib. 5, f. 
249) , 3 acres bounded on the Common south-west, on Richard Cook, 
Humphrey Davy, and Thomas Brattle north-west, on the highway 
leading to Richard Cook's north-east [i.e., Joy street], and on 
said Deane south-westerly. 



164 City Document No. 105. 

These two purchases would seem to be 6 acres, but Thomas 
Deane and Ann, his wife, sell the same to James Whetcomb, Feb. 
11, 1672 (Lib. 8, f. 62) as five acres, more or less, bought partly 
of Truesdale aud partly of Miller, bounded south-westerly on the 
Common, on Cook, Deane, and Brattle north-west, on Francis 
East west, on the highway from Cook's to the Common north-east- 
erly. 

Whetcomb conveyed it to "Wm. Hawkins as early as 1678, and 
"Wm. Hawkins and Anna, his wife, conveyed to Ephraim Savage, 
1690 (L. 15, f. 4G), as " formerly purchased by said Hawkins of 
Jamt'S Whetcomb." Ephraim Savage and Elizabeth, his wife, con- 
veyed to Samuel Sewall, April 2, 1692 (L. 15, f. 183), as five 
acres, more or less, bounded south on the Common 28 rods 9 feet, 
west on Francis East 27J rods, north on Cook, Davie, and Brattle 
33 rods, aud east on the lane leading to Mr. Cook's 22J- rods. 

Hon. Samuel Sewall was husband of Hannah, daughter of Hull, 
the mintmaster. She died, and he mortgaged to Joseph Wads- 
worth, town treasurer, the west part of this pasture, in 1721 (L. 
35, f. 201), to secure an annuity of £5, payable every 2d of April, 
" " for the use of the School at the South End of Boston of the 
upper End of Pond Street so called, whereof Ames Angier is now 
Writing Master, which School is not far distant from the Place 
where Mr. John Sanford, a Pious, Skilfull and Prudent man, 
formerly taught School, and whose Scholar the said Hannah was, 
and of whom, with Pleasure, she frequently made mention." Lest 
the residents on Beacon street should feel alarmed as to this rent 
charge of £5, I will mention that it was released bj' the town to his 
heirs. He married Mary, widow of Robert Gibbs, 1721 (Suffolk, 
Lib. 36, f. 59), and died seized of this pasture in 1729. 

This pasture maj' be set down as an investment of some of Mr. 
Hull's " shillings," though not made by himself personally. Con- 
sidering the number of them which Judge Sewall received with 
his wife, and which made him one of our wealthiest citizens, the 
donation above mentioned was not, in itself, a munificent endow- 
ment of our public schools, nor, viewed as a parting tribute of 
affection to the memory of the wife of his youth, when, in his old 
age, he was just taking another helpmate, can it be considered as 
involving any very lavish expenditure. 

Gleaner. 

B3 We have ventured to give an exact quotation from the original deed, at this 
place— W.H.W. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 165 



LVIII. 

STREETS ON PAPER. 

October 8, 1855. 

Mr. Editor: — Judge Samuel Sewall died, as we have seen, in 
1720. By the law, as it stood till^"* the eldest son took a double 
share. He left three children : Samuel, the eldest son ; Joseph ; 
Judith, the wife of William Cooper; and the four children of a 
deceased daughter, Elizabeth, wife of Grove Hurst, viz. : Mary, 
wife of William Pepperell, Jr. ; Elizabeth, wife of Charles Chauncy ; 
Hannah, wife of Nathaniel Balston ; and Jane, wife of Addington 
Davenport. These heirs selected referees to divide this pasture into 
lots, and they then drew for a choice, and executed mutual releases 
(1732) . There was laid out a 35 -feet street parallel to Beacon street, 
and 170 feet north of it, which street extended westerly from Bel- 
knap sti'eet 464 feet. There were also opened two streets run- 
ning northerly from Beacon street, 25 feet by 170 feet deep. The 
first of these was 160 feet west of Belknap street, and was called 
Bishop Stoke street; the other was 160 feet further west, and was 
called Coventry street. 

All these streets I consider to have been virtually, perhaps actu- 
ally, only streets on paper. They had no outlet into other lands, 
but merely served as access to the several lots into which this past- 
ure was divided. They have had no existence in fact, for cer- 
tainly the last 60 years. Part of Bishop Stoke street, indeed, 
now comes within the lines of Walnut street. 

" Sewall's elm pasture," which began as six acres and shrunk 
up to five acres, proved on survey, in 1732, to hold out only 4| 
aci'es. It measured 440 feet on the Common or Beacon street, and 
thence extended back, the easterly line diverging, and on the 
north forming a very irregular line on Allen's 16.^-acre pasture 
(afterwards Wheelwright's, and finally bought b}' the Mt. Vernon 

^* Blank in the original. The act of March 9, 1784, continued the old Law, in case 
of intestacy. The act of June 8, 1789, repealed the clause, and made all the children 
share alike after January 1, 1790. The act of March, 12, 1806, and its successois 
have continued the practice. — W. 11. W. 



166 City Document No. 105. 

Proprietors). Its greatest depth from Beacon street was at about 
the centre, where it measured 490 feet. Some idea of its general 
dimensions may be formed by considering that the present square 
between IJeacon, Belknap, Mt. Vernon, and Wnluut streets con- 
stitutes just about the easterly half of this pasture. 

Witliout going into the detail of the various deeds of these lots, 
the general result is, that all west of Wahiut street, as now laid 
out, gets united in John Singleton Copley, partly by deeds of Dr. 
Sylvester Gardner, in 1770, and partly by deed of John Williams, 
in 1773; there being intervening deeds by Peter Lucee, 1744; 
Benjamin Bagnal, 1744; Hon. John Erving, 1752; Nathaniel 
Cunningham, 1783,* and his son Nathaniel, 1701, These purchases 
of Copley included, also, a gore east of \V"alnut street, which was 
subsequently conveyed by him, 1800 (194, f. IIG), to Dr. John 
Joy, in whom all the other lots east of Walnut street likewise get 
united in 1791-1798. 

Great confusion exists among some of the series of deeds of this 
easterly moiety of the pasture, and in 1792 a deed was made to 
said Joy by John Williams, executor, for £100 (L. 171, f. 255), 
which was a mere pretended title. Some time after Mr. Joy 
had bought and paid for it, it is said that Mr. Williams asked him 
if he did not want to pay £100 more for another deed, and on Mr. 
Joy's asking what he meant, told him that he had still got as much 
title left as he had originally conveyed. This very deed, however (as 
affording a distinct basis of a possessory title) , became ultimately 
of great value ; since it quietly cured all informalities and deficiencies 
in the deeds of the true owners. A fine plan of this estate of Dr. 
Joy, in 1799, accompanies an indenture recorded Lib. 192, fol. 
198. A small gore of land south of Mount Vernon street comes 
under Allen or Wheelwright. All the residue of Joy's laud is from 
Sewall's pasture. His whole lot finally measured 172 feet on 
Beacon street, 457 feet 4 inches on Walnut street, 305 feet 1 inch 
on Mount Vernon street, and 355 feet 3 inches on Joy street, being 
about 100,000 square feet. 

Gleaner. 

• This date is probably a misprint. — W. H. W. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 167 



LIX. 

CONDITIONS — EAVES. 

October 11, 1835. 

Mr. Editor : — Titles to real estate forfeitable by breach of con- 
dition are by no means uncommon in Boston, beinpj, however, 
chiefly liehl under deeds made during the present century. Thus 
all North anrl South Market streets, Park street, Colonnade row, 
and a large proportion of all the lands on the Neck and elsewhere, 
conveyed by the city, are on condition. All Winthrop place is 
held under conditional deeds of George Bond. The large Barton 
Point estate is held under such deeds from the Barton Point Asso- 
ciation. The whole great area of the old Mill Pond lands was so 
conveyed. The lots upon Broad, India, and Central streets, with 
the other streets in that vicinity, wCre so conveyed by the Broad 
Street Association, or by individuals. The entire marginal lots, 
and many others, at East Boston are also subject to conditions. 

There is great inconvenience, as well as danger, from such titles. 
For instance, one large tract is conve3'ed at East Boston on condi- 
tion that no ferry shall be established. Fifty separate house-lots 
are sold off with warranty, making no mention of the condition, 
the parties supposing that it is inapplicable to any except the re- 
maining water-lots ; and yet a breach by this remaining owner 
might work a forfeiture of the whole original tract, and destroy the 
titles of his innocent grantees. In one court in this city, a tract, 
on which now stand seven dwelling-houses, is conve3'ed by one 
deed, with a like joint condition as to the style of building, — mak- 
ing each proprietor liable for the acts of half-a-dozen neighbors. 
And this is especially true of man}' of the city lands on the Neck. 
It not unfi-equently happens that the mention of the condition (even 
when made merely of the one particular lot) gets omitted in later 
deeds by mistake, and thus a party may ruin himself unconscioush' 
by some little violation. 

In Gray vs. Blanchard (8 Pick. Rep., 284) land was conveyed 
on the condition that " no windows shall be placed in the north 
wall of the house aforesaid, or of any house to be erected on the 



168 City Document No. 105. 

premises withi i 30 years from the date hereof," and the breach of 
this condition forfeited the entire estate. 

How great a risk may be run from this cause will be apparent by 
considering the following adjudication : — 

In 8 Gushing, 150, Millet vs. Fowle, it was decided b}' the 
Supreme Court that the expression in a deed " four feet from the 
northerly side of the building,"- means four feet from the extremest 
pat of the building, and therefore from the eaves. In other words, 
that eaves, as they project over the front or side of a house, are the 
extremest part of that front or side of the building. 

Now, there are many long ranges of estates in Boston, where, 
for the purpose of uniformity, conditions were originally imposed, 
the breach of which would work a forfeiture. One of these condi- 
ons always prescribes the front of the houses (as that the front 
of every building erected shall be 6 feet or 10 feet back from the 
line of the street). The main walls are accordingly placed onthnt 
exact line. Under the above decision, if the eaves, or, as it would 
seem, even the window-sills or caps, project an inch, it works a for- 
feiture, because the extremest part of the front of the house must be 
at the distance prescribed. 

/ verily believe, therefore, that every estate in Boston, which has 
heretofore been conveyed on such a condition {and the city are mak' 
ing such conveyances every day) , has been forfeited under the above 
decision. Or, in other ivords, that the above decision strictly carried 
out would defeat many hundred honest titles. 

It is undoubtedly a sound rule of law that in all cases of reasona- 
ble doubt a deed is to be construed most strongly agninst the 
grantor. This has been applied, and I think rightly, in an extreme 
case (Saltonstall vs. Long wharf), where a little store lot, 18 feet 
on State street, was conveyed, bounded east on the sea or flats, and 
the deed was held also to pass all the flats to low-ioater mark along 
the whole south side of Long wharf, because, b}^ the use of two 
words, one of which passed the flats, and the other which excluded 
them, a reasonable doubt arose as to the grantor's intent, making 
this rule of construction applicable. But it seems to me that in the 
class of cases above referred to there is no such reasonable doubt of 
the intent. The side — the front — the wall — of a house means 
the main, general line of such side, front, or wall, — not those little 
petty projections, such as window-caps or sills, alwaj's added for or- 
nament ; or the more indispensable eaves, required alike for the effect- 
ual support of the roof, and the symmetrical finish of the structure. 

I have thus far considered the above decision as erroneous on 
general grounds, and even assuming that the Court were correct in 



"Gleaner" Articles. 169 

holding e^ves to be part of the side of the house over which they 
project. But Webster's Dictionary defines "eaves" to be " tlie 
edge or lower border of the roof of the building which overhangs 
the walls and casts off the water that falls on the roof." In like 
manner, Johnson and Walker's Dictionary, as improved by Todd, 
defines eaves as " the edges of the roof which overhang the house," 
(quoting Shakespeare for this meaning. I have not thought it 
necessary to consult any other lexicographical authorities. 

Under these dpfinitions^ of course, a line running 4 feet from the 
side of a building is not to be measured from the eaves, which are 
not a part of the side of the building, but of the roof. In other 
words, our Supreme Court, as lately as 1851, have decided that 
" eaves " in law means a part of a house wliolly different from what 
it means by the standard dictionaries of tlie English language. 

Within the past year, indeed, quite a number of elegant new 
houses on the Neck were found to be accidentally forfeited to the 
city because their bow-fronts projected over the prescribed line, 
and on application the forfeiture was released. 

Latterly conditions have justly become very unpopular, and 
restrictions are imposed instead. This is the case with Pemberton 
square, Edinboro' street, the South-Cove lots, etc., where the par- 
ties may enter and remove the building, or resort to equity to 
compel a specific performance of the agreement. Courts lean 
strongly against conditions, as is indeed abundantly proved by the 
late case of the Brattle-street Parsonage. While it seems by the 
case of Austin vs. Cambridgeport, etc. (21 Pick., 215), that if a 
condition be created by deed, the grantor may lawfully devise such 
interest, and a subsequent breach will give the estate to his devisee, 
such devise not being too remote, and therefore void. And yet in 
the latter case, where a testator, by one and the same instrument, 
first creates a like condition, and then devises his remaining right, 
such devise over is too remote, and therefore void, though to common 
apprehension the ultimate devise is exactly equally remote in each 
case ; and though wills are avowedly construed more tenderl}- and 
charitabl}', as to the intent of the testator, than deeds are, because 
they are often made in extremis and without the aid of counsel, 
and the use of inartificial language is therefore overlooked in view 
of the manifest general intent. 

A law passed prohibiting all conditions, or all forfeitures for 
breach of condition, would, I think, be a good one. Gleaner. 

P.S. — Worcester, in his new model dictionary, is as much behind 
the age as his predecessors. He defines " eaves " as " the cidges 
of the roof of. a house." 



170 City Docujient No. 105. 



LX. 

FREDERICK TUDOR — R. G. SHAW. 

October 15, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — Dr. Joy was desirous of getting a house in the 
country.! as more healthful than a town residence, and he selected 
this 1 jcalitj- as " being country' enough for him." There were, 
indeed, then but two houses west of the square, which he purchased 
— one of them occupied by Charles Cushing, Esq. ; the other by 
" Master " Vinal, both standing on the Copley estate. The bar- 
berry-bushes were flourishing over this whole area, as thej' now 
do on the hills of West Roxbury. And he was right in believing 
that nowhere else could he inhale purer breezes than those which 
were wafted across the Boston Common and the river that then 
washed its borders. There were then no noxious exhalations 
from the " Back Bay " ; and they do not, indeed, even now, reach 
as far as this favored spot. 

The prices paid by Dr. Joy were £100, £GG 13s. 4d., $500 and 
£337, or about S2,000. There now stand on this land twenty-two 
dwelling-houses, among which are many of the very finest in our 
whole city. Its whole present value cannot be less than half a 
million of dollars. Dr. Joy sold off all the westerly and most of 
the northerl3' portions, retaining for his own occupancy the south- 
east part of the estate, measuring 97 feet on Beacon street, and 
254 feet 7 inches on Belknap street, now called Joy street. On 
this he erected a modest and graceful wooden dwelling-house, 
which was eventually removed to South Boston Point, where it is 
still, or was recently, standing, on land of Benjamin Adams, Esq. 
Here he lived till his death, in 1813. He left a widow, Abigail, 
and two children, Joseph G-. and Nabby ; and, in 1833, this 
reserved lot was sold by his heirs for §98,000, and upon it were 
erected three dwelling-houses on Beacon street and the four 
southerly houses of the block on Jo\' street. 

The corner estate on Beacon and Joy streets (land and build- 
ing) is supposed to have cost Israel Thorndike $90,000. It was 
subsequently purchased by the late R. G. Shaw for $50,000, and 
was the mansion-house estate occupied by him at his decease. It 
has been since bought by Frederick Tudor for $70,000, who still 



"Gleaner" Articles. 171 

owns and occupies it. The adjoining house on Beacon street 
belonged to the late Samuel T. Armstrong, in whose mayoralty it 
was, I believe, that the iron fence was completed around the Com- 
mon, and whose signature, as Lt. Governor, gave validity to a 
new code of laws, the Revised Statutes of the Commonwealth, in 
1836. 

The onl}- natural productions of New England, as has been well 
said, are ice and granite. It is to the wisdom and intelligence, 
and above all to the indomitable energy and perseverance, of Mr. 
Tudor, that the first of these articles has become a mine of wealth 
to the communit}', far more precious than the richest "placers" 
of California. It is, I believe, a favorite theory of political econo- 
mists that a nation is on the road to ruin when the value of its 
imports exceeds that of its exports. But the fallacy becomes 
manifest when a cargo of Mr. Tudor's ice — worth almost nothing 
here except the labor of collecting it — is sent abroad to the pant- 
ing and perspiring denizens of the tropics, or to refresh the natives 
of even distant India, and is there exchanged for a precious 
freight of costly spices and merchandise. 

I remember to have heard with much interest an account of the 
first shipment of ice to India, from the gentleman who went with 
it as supercargo. He described the naive astonishment of the 
natives as they took into the palms of their hands little particles 
of ice, and watched them slowly melt away, — the proceeding 
being apparently' conducted as cautiously as if they had been 
handling live coals, — and the formal entertainment given by the 
Governor General, Lord William Bentinck, as an appreciative 
acknowledgment to those who had thus placed within the reach 
of a great nation one of the most delightful luxuries of a bountiful 
Providence. 

All honor to Mr. Tudor for his great discovery! May his own 
prosperity always keep pace with the ruinous consequences which 
it has entailed upon New England." 

=" Without detracting at all from the remai-kable business enterprise shown by 
Mr. Tudor, it is proper to note that the field opened by him has since been closed. 
The introduction of ice into Calcutta was, indeed, a priceless benefit to the inhabitants, 
and for many years it was a prosperous business for Mr. Tudor and his successors. 
But the restless spirit of invention has discovered means of producing ice there at a 
less cost than that of importation from New England, and this particular traffic is a 
thing of the past. On the other hand, the demand for ice within our own territories 
has so increased that the business has developed beyond the wildest dreams of its 
originator. Mr. Tudor died Februaiy 6, 1S64, aged eighty years ; and his widow died 
March 9, 1884, aged sixty-nine years. — W. II. \V. 



172 City Document No. 105. 

Nor was Mr. Shaw a less remarkable man in his wa}'. Ever 
extensively and actively engaged in commerce, cautious when he 
seemed to be most bold and daring, he displayed a uniform 
sagacity, which, in its results, was as advantageous to himself as it 
was to the community. The public spirit which he displayed 
through life was also manifested by munificent charitable be- 
quests and endowments, which will make his name known and 
honored long after the wealth that he won for his heirs shall have 
passed awa}'', and the memory of his useful career as a citizen shall 
be forgotten. 

Gleaner. 



** Gleaner" Articles. 173 



LXI. 

ROBERT G. SHAW. 

'October 20, 1855. 

Mr. Editor: — My last article closed with a brief allusion to 
the late R. G. Shaw, Esq. It is well known that, before his death, 
he became a convert to spiritualism. While he showed his accus- 
tomed shrewdness in all business transactions, he yet implicitly 
believed that he had daily communications with deceased relatives, 
and derived from this belief the greatest satisfaction and consola- 
tion. That such a man should have arrived at such a result would 
of itself imply that he must have witnessed phenomena that tended. 
to justif}' it. These phenomena may, perhaps, be satisfactorily 
explained by another hypothesis. President Malian has recently 
published a very able volume, having this object, and in which he 
considers as incontestable the /ads testified to by so many credible 
persons, and many of which he had himself witnessed. 

Within the past year circumstances led me to take much inter- 
est in this subject. Designedly omitting to read anything in rela- 
tion to it, I determined to observe for myself. The use of a pencil to 
point at the letters of the alphabet having been suggested in some 
quarters as a source of unconscious error (inasmuch as a person 
may involuntarily pause longer upon the right letter than upon 
others, — a circumstance of which an intelligent and observing 
medium might take advantage), I latterly dispense with entirely, 
in the following manner : A printed card contained the letters of 
the alphabet in three lines of 8 letters each. I asked that the raps 
should be made 1, 2, or 3 for the line at which I was to look, and 
then, after a slight pause, that further raps should be made, from 
1 to 8, for the particular letter meant in that line. The effect was 
as if the particular letter had been at once called out viva voce 
without an}' instrumentality of my own. 

I have in this way often obtained a series of pertinent and coher- 
ent answers to mental questions, without a single mistake, through 
a session of two hours. This demonstrated to my satisfaction that 
a power of thought-reading existed somewhere, residing in, or 



174 City Document No. 105. 

proved l\v, the agency which caused the raps, whatever that agency 
might be. Whether this is a mesmericor a spiritual manifestation 
is the question discussed in Mr. Mahan's volume. He adopts the 
former theory. Whatever may be the true explanation the inves- 
tigation is one of intense and absorbing interest. 

As far as my own experience goes, the raps have always pur- 
ported to come from the spirits of deceased persons, in natural 
terms of relationship or endearment, and in their accustomed 
modes of expression ; sometimes from persons long since dead, who 
had not been in my thoughts for j-ears. I have never been able to 
get any as from living persons. Mr. Mahan, however, has a mass 
of testimony to the contrary. These raps (as from particular 
spirits) I have always found marked by individual peculiarities 
signally appropriate, and identifying them from all others, by loud- 
ness or gentleness, rapidity or slowness, by their prolonged or 
abrupt character. One spirit, indeed, always announced himself 
by a creaking corkscrew rap in the leg of the table, — thus distin- 
guishing himself from all others by as marked a characteristic as 
those which had made him preeminent among his fellow-men 
while living. I have sometimes said mentally, " Will all who have 
been present rap together?" and immediately there has ensued 
such a tuttoo of all these various raps as was truly astonishing, the 
corkscrew being clearly noticeable among and above them all. 

The mesmeric theory supposes that you get, as it were, a mere 
reflection of your own thoughts, belief, or wish, and in a vast 
majority of cases such is undoubtedly the fact ; but the answers 
which I have obtained have been sometimes wholly unexpected. 
Thus, one day last winter, I was passing through AVashingtou 
street, and inadvertentl3' went along the sidewalk of a building from 
which persons were breaking off masses of ice and frozen snow. 
One of these masses fell, and, hearing cries of warning, I shrank up 
close to the wall, and it just grazed my shoulder and elbow, and then 
shivered to pieces on the sidewalk. I felt that I had had a narrow 
escape from certain death. I was then on my waj' to Mr. Hay- 
den's, where I went immediately. No one else was present. I said 
mentally, " What happened to me as I was coming here?" The 
alphabet spelt out, " You came near being killed." — "How?" — 
" By a fall of ice from the roof of a house." — " How did it happen 
that it did not fall upon me and kill me?" The spirit purporting 
to respond was my father's. The answer began, '■'■ I prote — " 
I had supposed that it would state the act of mine which saved me ; 
but when it began with these letters I supposed it would be, "7 
protest I don't knoiv." The arfswer actually given was, " I pro- 



"Gleaner" Articles. 175 

iected you" — *' How ? " — "By slanting off the ice." This led to a 
series of questions and answers as to the power of spirits over 
matter, etc., etc. 

So, also, at a session in company with a distinguished clergy- 
man of this city, I asked of a certain " spirit," purporting to be 
present, whether a certain other was there also ; 1 rap, or no. 
" Can you get him? " 3 raps, or yes. " Do so, and as soon as he 
comes, both of you rap." In a few minutes their raps were heard 
accordingly. In the meantime another spirit was communicating, 
and had just finished a sentence with the word " oncle." I 
remarked aloud to my friend, " You see it is all right except one 
letter." I then turned to communicate with the spirit sent for. 
Immediately many raps were heard of the same faint and rapid 
character as those of my late correspondent. The medium said, 
" The one you have been communicating with wishes to say some- 
thing more." Wliereupon, resuming that communication, the 
alphabet spelt out " u," and then left off. I said " Proceed." 1 
rap, or no. I said, "Is that all?" 3 raps, or yes. I reflected 
for a moment, and exclaimed, " Oh, you mean that u is the right 
letter where I said one letter was wrong? " Immediately affirma- 
tive raps came several times repeated. I said, " Then rap back- 
wards from the end of your communciations, once for each letter, 
till you get to the wrong letter, and I will strike it out and sub- 
stitute M." o raps then came, and I changed the o to w. I then 
said, "Is it now right?" and got the same cordial affirmative. 
When "?{" came^ I had not the dightest idea that it was to be a 
correction of'''' o." 

This exceptional class of cases is also discussed in Mr. Mahan's 
volume ; but, on the whole, I became satisfied that, although Mr. 
Shaw may have arrived at an erroneous conclusion, the premises 
upon which he acted were by no means a mere absurd delusion ; 
but that he, like myself, had witnessed a mystery of nature worthy 
of the most careful and exact scientific investigation. 

All my articles have been about land, and perhaps this brief 
visit to the spirit land may be allowable as one of the series. You 
will, I trust, at any rate, excuse me for what you may, perhaps, 
regard as mere idle speculations, unworthy even of a 

Gl BANEB. 



176 City Document No. 105. 



LXII. 

URIAH COTTING— SAMUEL APPLETON. 

October 25, 1855. 

Mr. Editor: — The most westerly of the three houses ou Bea- 
con street built on the laud sold by Dr. Joy's heirs, in 1833, is 
that owned by B. C. Clark, Esq., an active and intelligent mer- 
chant, the author of an interesting pamphlet respecting Hayti, 
with which counUy he has extensive business relations."® West of 
his house comes a large lot which Dr. Joy in his lifetime sold to 
the late Uriah Cotting in 1806 (L. 21G, f. IG). It measured in 
front 75 feet on Beacon street, and extended 248 feet on Walnut 
street, widening in the rear to 104 feet. I have in a former 
article briefly alluded to Mr. Cotting, who lived and died in the 
house in Somerset street there spoken of. AVheu he made this 
purchase of Dr. Joy he supposed himself, and on reasonable 
grounds, to be one of the wealthiest of our citizens, and accord- 
ingly' began the foundations of a magnificent mansion, with a 
freestone front, occupying the whole site of the two houses be- 
longing to the late Samuel Appleton and the late Benjamin P. 
Homer. It would have surpassed any house even now existing 
among us, and at that time there was no edifice that could have 
borne the slightest comparison with it for splendor and elegance. 
The lower story was already constructed, when the embargo, 
followed b}' war, took place. Rents declined ; real estate fell 
exceedingly in value, and he found himself — comparatively, 
at least — a poor man. He at once took down the building, and 
selling off to Mr. Homer the westerly moiety of the land (and of 
other lands which he had bought behind it), he erected on the 
residue the elegant mansion now standing, and which he sold to 
Mr. Appleton for $30,000, in 1818 (L. 259, f. 244), the lot being 
43 feet in front and 330 feet deep. His health soon afterwards 
began to fail, and he died of a rapid consumption in 1819 ; and 
such still continued to be the depressed state of all kinds of prop- 
erty that his estate eventually proved insolvent. 

B8 Mr. Clark died Nov. 16, 1863. His son, of the same name, is still Consul for Ilayti 
in this city. — W. H. \V. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 177 

I will mention an anecdote relating to this house and to its 
original and recent ownership. On the death of the widow of Mr. 
Cotting, one of the most estimable and exemplary of women, 
which happened but a few j-ears ago. I published in the " Boston 
Courier " a notice of the services of Mr. Cotting, detailing various 
extensive improvements which he had planned and executed ; 
and 1 concluded by suggesting that perhaps some of our wealthy 
citizens, whose own fortunes had been increased by a participation 
in his enterprises, might be willing to contribute something to 
replace to his daughters a small annuity which their mother had 
hitherto received under the will of the late Edward Tuckerman, 
and which thenceforth ceased. The article was copied by another 
of our chief journals, and its closing suggestion approved. I 
waited first upon Mr. Appleton. He told me the circumstances of 
his purchase of this house, saying, "• I meant to deal at the time 
liberaliy with Mr. Cotting, and offered him the amount of what 
I thought its actual value, telling him that he might take six 
months to find any other purchaser who would give him more. In 
a few days, however, he came back and accepted the offer, admit- 
ting that nobody else was willing to give so much. He expressed 
his great satisfaction at selling it, and his obligation to me for 
what he himself considered a full and adequate compensation." 
Mr. Appleton did not end by saying, "• So you perceive that there 
is no reason why / should be thus called upon." " But," he said 
to me, " the estate is now worth more than double that price 
(perhaps $75,000), and I will head your paper with S500." This 
was more than I had hoped for, though 1 had never been refused 
by him in mj- life ; but, on the contrary, had always found him a 
most "cheerful giver." Another gentleman, who had been in- 
timately associated with Mr. Cotting, at once added his name for 
the same sum. Hon. David Sears and others subscribed various 
amounts in a like liberal spirit, and I was in the " full tide of suc- 
cessful experiment," when I received, from the 3'oung ladies 
interested, instructions to proceed no farther, lest that should 
be yielded to my solicitations which would not have been 
spontaneously offered as a tribute of respect for their father's 
memory. 

Mr. Cotting is buried in the Granary burying-ground. The 
forthcoming volume of Mr. Bridgman, in relation to this place 
of interment, will doubtless be as accurate in its facts and as 
beautiful a specimen of letter-press and typography as his similar 
volume on the King's Chapel burying-ground, and I cordially 



178 City Document No. 105. 

advise all who are interested in "historical gleanings" to sub- 
seribe for it at once. I am glad that it will preserve in a perma- 
nent form what I feel indeed to be but a slight and inadequate 
tribute to the memory of perhaps the most distinguished citizen 
who has been laid to his rest in that field of death. 

Mr. Appleton died in this house, July 12, 1853, aged 87 years. 
In youth a village school-master, in manhood an eminent mer- 
chant, he found in acts of daily beneficence the best solace for 
the infirmities of age. Simple habits, uncompromising integrity, 
and a noble public spirit, won for him the confidence and regard of 
the community ; and death gently closed a life that had been pro- 
longed and blest by the kindest offices of domestic affection. He 
bequeathed a large part of his great wealth for purposes of litera- 
ture, science, charity, and religion. A mural tablet in the King's 
Chapel will appropriately record his virtues ; but to this spot, where 
he lived so long, happy in making others happy, — a spot hallowed 
by the grateful prayers of the widow and the orphan, — the annalist 
of Boston will point with pride as the home of Samuel Appleton. 

Gleaneb. 



Gleaner" Articles. 179 



Lxni. 

HISTORICAL. 

Odoher 30, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — In our last article we mentioned that Mr. Cot- 
ting sold to the late Benjamin P. Homer, in 1816, the south-west 
corner lot of Dr. Joy's land. It measured 32 feet on Beacon 
street, and 200 feet on Walnut street (L. 250, f. 283). He sold 
the rear lot, measuring G6 feet 6 inches on Walnut street, to N. P. 
Russell, Esq., 1814 (L. 243, f. 273), which also subsequently 
became the property of Mr. Homer. Mr. Homer had rather more 
than his share of the old streets. A strip of 15 feet in width of 
old Bishop Stoke street takes half the width of his lot, and old 
Sewall street runs across his I'ear. If these easements could now 
be enforced, his lot would certainl}- be sadl}- curtailed of its fair 
proportions. 

He was one of the " solid " men of Boston, and at his death, in 
1838, was one of our oldest merchants. His will contained pro- 
visions which called for judicial construction, and there are at 
least three printed decisions in our reports growing out of it 
(2 Met. Rep., 194 ; 5 Met., 462, and 11 Met., 104). The Legisla- 
ture also have been appealed to, more than once, to cut the Gor- 
dian knot which the law could nt)t untie. One clause of his will 
was as follows: " And I do hereby expressly authorize and em- 
power my executoi's, or such of them as sJiall take upon themsdves 
the probate of this will, to sell and convey and execute good and 
sufficient deeds to convey all or anj' of my real estate." He 
appointed two executors, both of whom proved the will and 
assumed the trust ; but one of them immediately found that he had 
personal interests incompatible with this official position, and 
forthwith resigned his trust, and the other acted alone in the entire 
settlement of the estate, except only in this first act of proving the 
will. A statute expressly authorizing a resignation of an executor 
was passed March 24, 1843. The Court, in the case before them, 
did not find it necessary to consider the validity of this resignation ; 
but they did decide that, if the resignation was valid, the powe; of 



180 City Document No. 105. 

sale could not be exerciser! by the other executor. In arriving at 
this result they adopted the strictest literal construction of the 
words, "take upon themselves the probate of this will," which 
might perhaps fairly and liberally have been considered as equiva- 
lent to " taking upon themselves the settlement of my estate^" or 
" those who shall be the acting executors of my will for the time 
being." For the testator certainly had little confidence in them 
both jointly and in each of them separately. Looking back upon 
the past professional anxieties and perplexities, though I certainly 
should not say that I wished that Mr. Homer had never lived 
(since that would have involved the loss of several pleasant young 
neighbors, belles of the rising generation), I can yet truly say 
that I have more than once wished that he was still living. 

On the rear purchase of Mr. Homer stood the house in "Walnut 
street, of which the late Dr. George Parkraan was tenant at 
the time of his murder. Posterity can hardly over-estimate the 
intensity of the excitement awakened in the community by his 
tragical fate, and by the judicial proceedings which ensued. If I 
should select the two occasions of a public character which I have 
found more deeply interesting than any others, I should refer, 
without hesitation, to the hour when the lovely and accomplished 
daughters of Professor Webster, sustained, as they obviously 
were, by an entire conviction of his innocence, gave with mingled 
calmness and sensibility their modest and touching testimony in 
his behalf ; and that more awful hour, when, nearly at the dead 
of night, we had assembled on the same spot to hear the verdict 
rendered, which consigned to an ignominious death oue who had 
been the instructor of our earlier days, and with whom we had 
since continued to be on pleasant terms of social acquaintance 
and friendship. The moon was shining serenely and bright as I 
went forth from that sad scene ; having looked for the last time on 
a fellow-being who, surrounded by the happiest domestic influ- 
ences and affections had yet justly forfeited his life ; not, how- 
ever, I was willing to believe, for a deliberate, preconcerted, and 
cold-blooded murder, but for an act, originally done, as I was 
persuaded, under the sudden impulse of deadly passion ; but 
which, when done, was concealed by a resort to the most fright- 
ful expedients of which we have any account in the annals of 
criminal jurisprudence. 

There was a redeeming grace in the final conduct of AVebster, 
which much softened the popular feeling against him ; when his 
appeal for executive clemency had been made, and made in 



"Gleaner" Articles. 181 

vain ; when he knew that in a few brief days he must c(!ase 
to be numbered among the living, — he addressed a submissive 
and penitent letter to an amiable and excellent clergyman, the 
near relative of his victim, asking through him the par'^on of those 
into whose social circle he had brought such deep affliction. He 
asked him as a minister of the God of mercy to imitate his Divine 
Master, by showing mercy ; as a man to forgive a dying fellow- 
man, as he would himself hope to be forgiven. And he at last met 
his fate, not with the indifference of a hardened ruffian, but with 
a dignified self-possession, — a sustained fortitude and resigna- 
tion, such as only true repentance (it would seem) could have 
inspired. 

Gleaner. 



182 City Document No. 105. 



LXIV. 

JOHN CALLENDER AND THE LAW. 

November 2, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — The north-west corner lot, GO feet on Mount 
Vernon street, and 103 feet 6 inches on Wahiut street, was sold by 
Dr. Joy to John Callender, in 1802, and his heirs conveyed to him 
a lot adjoining (35 feet 11 inches on Mount Vernon street), in 
1821. Mr. Callender was for many years the well-known clerk of 
the Supreme Court. In his younger days he was a person of 
much grace and elegance, and traditionally reputed to have been 
as good a dancer as one of Queen Elizabeth's Lord Chancellors. 
He was a person of much wit and hnmor. When the lull Court 
at Washington reversed a decision of Mr. Justice S:ory, by which 
he had claimed jurisdiction in cases of policies of insurance as 
being maritime contracts, he was dining with the Judge, and, 
doubtless quite to his annoyance, began to joke about the topic, 
playfully suggesting to him that he bad better bring a bucket of 
salt water into his court-room to sustain the jurisdiction. 

When Mr. Callender built his house the level of Walnut street 
was very many feet higher than at present. The authorities cut 
down the street, leaving him vp in the air. He was put to much 
expense in consequence, though his building did not actually begin 
to tumble into the pit, as Mr. Thurston's did. Like him he 
resorted to the law, and with the like success. The result was the 
source of anything but a placid demeanor on his part. Though 
himself a sworn officer of the law, I really believe that he was 
led to entertain serious doubts as to its being "■ the perfection of 
human reason." 

The north-east lot, bounded 120 feet on Mount Vernon street, 
and 100 feet 8 inches on Joy street, was sold by Dr. Joy, in 1802, 
to Anna Dummer Perkins, wife of Thomas Perkins, Esq., and 
daughter of WHliam Powell, Esq. She was sister of Mrs. Jona- 
than Mason, one of the original Mount Vernon proprietors. Dr. 
Joy, in 1805, also sold to her the next 30-feet lot on Joy street. 
On the latter lot stands the dwelling-house now occupied by Henry 



"Gleaner" Articles. 183 

B. Rogers, Esq., whose wife was one of her daughters, and who is so 
well knowQ in this coinmuuity as connected with our chief chari- 
table and reformatory institutions, and who was some years since 
an Alderman of the city. On her original lot was erected a fine 
brick dwelling-house, of large and elegant proportions, in which 
she resided till her death, a smaller house being erected on the 
westerly side of the lot as the residence of another daughter, Mrs. 
F. C. Loring. The mansion house itself has just given place to 
three new dwellings erected by Wm. Gray, Esq. 

It is under a contract between Mr. Perkins and Mr. Thorndike 
that the block of houses on Joy place was set back from the street. 
1 trust that my friend, Mr. Lewis W. Tappan, will not think me too 
personal in remarking that the whole front of his house and part of 
that of his southerly neighbor stand on and over the fee of old 
Sewall street. This need be no source of alarm or uneasiness. 
Indeed I am inclined to think that an ancient squat is rather better 
than any other title. There can be no question that from the 
beginning of the century to 1831, when Tyler vs. Hammoud was 
decided, the law, as before acted on and as then settled, would have 
given the soil and fee of this old street to the heirs of Judge 
Sewall. It is equally certain that in 1851, by the decision of 
Newhall vs. Ireson, it would have been held that the deeds to Dr. 
Joy, bounding, as the}' do, north and south on that street, each 
passed to him a good title to the centre of the street ; in other 
words, that his title had all along been perfect. Both these cases 
related to public highways ; but I am informed that in an unpub- 
lished case recently decided (Morgan vs. Moore) the Court adhered 
to the last decision, yet refused to apply it to private ways, so 
that, after all. Judge Sewall's heirs perhaps would again come 
uppermost. But, happily above and beyond all these fluctuating 
adjudications, there was a certain/ertce put up more than forty years 
ago by Dr. Joy, which no adverse claimant can now jump over or 
knock down. 

The doctrine that a deed bounding on a street, which is a 
visible, actual monument, reall}' runs to an imaginary legal line 
or monument in the centre of that street (a monument, by the 
way, which the Court in 1831 declared had never existeil, although 
in 1851 they sa^' it had always existed), seems to nw founded 
on a misconception of what a monument is. I believi' that the 
rule of " monuments governing measurements " is fouiuLMl on the 
idea that a deed should be construed by its language i : reference 
to actual visible landmarks, such as fences, walls, or streets. In 



184 City Document No. 105. 

1831, if a deed bounded by or on a public street, square, or com- 
mon, in each case it included no part of such street, square, or 
common. In 1851, the Court, in the exercise of their judicial dis- 
cretion, saw fit to decide that a deed bounding on a street should 
convey a fee simple title to the centre of the street. Why should 
not the same rule be applied to all public squares or areas ? Is it 
not, indeed, quite possible that a conveyance of land bounding on 
Boston Common may legally give to the grantees liberal j-ard- 
room in fi'ont of their lots, even to the centre line of the Common 
itself ? Such a decision would, a priori, be no more surprising than 
a change of doctrine which has already occurred in relation to 
abutters upon streets. 

Gleameb. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 185 



LXV. 

THE COPLEY TITLE — ITS LARGE AREA. 

November 6, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — In our walk down Beacon street we have now 
the greatest estate in Boston, or The Copley Title. This 
is made up of three chief divisions. The easterly portion is com- 
posed of the various lots which together constitute the westerly 
moiety of Se wall's Elm pasture. This portion is about 2 J acres, 
and is bounded east on Dr. Joy's land, now Walnut street. It 
extends on Beacon street more than 260 feet, including the stone 
mansion-house estate of Hon. David Sears, and a gore of the 
original garden lot of Mr. Otis, west of it. The westerly boundary 
of this portion is a line which meets Mount Vernon street at a 
point about 175 feet west of Walnut street, running diagonally 
through the lots on both sides of Chestnut street, wliich formerly 
belonged to Madame Swan's trustees. 

Next west of Sewall's Elm pasture came a 2|^-acre pasture of 
Francis East, also united m Copley. This extended on Beacon 
street to just about the east line of Spruce street, and the west 
boundary of East's pasture extended in a bevelling line to Mount 
Vernon street, which street it intersected a little west of the divi- 
sion line between the two elegant mansions of Messrs. John E. 
and Nathaniel Thayer. These pastures of Sewall and East were 
bounded in the rear by irregular lines extending into, and in some 
parts to or slightly beyond the north line of, Mount Vernon street. 

Finally comes the Blackstone six-acre lot. This bounds south 
on Beacon street to the original channel, which was many hundred 
feet west of Charles street, or about to the lowest long block of 
dwelling-houses now completed on the Mill Dam. On the east 
line it extended along East's pasture, and beyond it on land of 
Allen or Wheelwright, and to within a few feet of Piuckney 
street, to a point which is nearly in the range of the westerly 
part of the School-house estate, at the corner of Centre street : it 
thence extended along in the direction of Pinckney street westerly, 
so as to include all Louisburg square, till it met a line about 50 
feet west of the west line of Louisburg square, where it was 



186 City Document Xo. 105. 

bounded on the pasture of Zachariah Phillips, on which pasture it 
afterwards bounded northerly by a line running to the water. 

The dimensions of the southerly lots of Zachariah Phillips's 
pasture are so loosely given by the deeds that the extreme 
southerly line of that pasture and, of course, the extreme north 
line of the Blackstone, or Coplej' lot, cannot, perhaps, be stated 
with precision ; but it extended at least as far as, and probably 
north of, Mount Vernon street. And, as we have stated in an 
earlier article on Phillips's pasture, the Copley deed, which ran 
along towards the water by a line at most 20 feet south of 
Pinckney street, was made, by a certain ancient fence, and the 
possessory acts and claims under it, to run to the water, and to 
sweep across all these southerly lots of Phillips ; or, in other 
words, the Copley grant was extended by disseisin to a continuous 
north line, ranging but a few feet south of Pinckney street. 

The result is, that the estate held under John Singleton Copley 
embraces all that extensive territory between low-water mark on 
the west, the Common south. Walnut street east, and Mount Ver- 
non street north, as far as the east line of the house of William 
Sawyer, and then including that house and the land behind it, and 
all Louisburg square, etc., west of it. It extends, b3' a northerly 
line nearly coinciding with Pinckney street, to low-water mark. 
The 6 acres of Blackstone, the "2i of East, and the 2^ of Sewall, 
make a total of 11 acres of upland; and if to this we add the flats, 
a large portion of which have been filled up for over 40 years, 
there is a grand total of certainly not less than 20 acres, and, cov- 
ered as it now is with splendid private residences, it far surpasses 
in value even the magnificent estate of Governor Hancock, with 
its costly public edifices. 

Gleaner. 



"Gleaxer" Articles. 187 



LXVI. 

EAST'S 2^ -ACRE PASTURE. 

November 9, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — Before proceedmg to make any remarks on the 
particnlar houses standing upon the Copley lot, it will ])e more 
convenient to trace the several purchases made by him, and which 
were included in his sale to the Mount Vernon proprietors. 

We have already stated that he acquired the westerly moiety of 
Sewall's Kim pasture, or about 2.^ acres, by deeds, in ]770-i77o, 
swallowing up or fencing in all Coventry street and the westerly 
part of Bewail street. The westerly lots of this Sewall laud are 
included in the deed of Dr. Silvester Gardiner to Copley, July 5, 
1770 (L. 117, f. 129), the bouudary being westerly, on land of 
bdid Copley, 4G7 feet 8 inches, aud north-west, on land of Jeremiah 
Wheelwright {i.e., the Allen pasture), 127 feet 4 inches. The 
earlier deeds of these same lots among the Sewall heirs, 1732 (L. 
47, f. 192-194), bounded west on land of Banister. 

Now, next west of this Sewall laud came the oi iginal possession 
of Francis East, who must have owned as early as 1667, being 
named as anabuttor in a deed recorded in Lib. 5, fol. 234. In 
the town records is the following entry: "Julyl, 1678. In 
answer to the desire of Francis East to have recorded in the 
Towne book a tract of land containing about 3 acres, bounded 
with Capt. Brattle north [he sold to Allen. &c.] ; the towne's 
Common, south ; the land of Nathaniel Williams, west [i.e., the 
Blackstone lot], and the land of William Hawkins, Sen. (Haw- 
kins owned Sewall's Elm pasture), on the east, which ivas formerly 
a towne grant and no record appearing, having been long in pos- 
session of said East, now ordered that this record be made thereof." 
(Boston Records, Lib. 2, fol. 116.) 

It would seem that Francis East died, leaving a son Samuel, who 
died seized of this pasture in 1693. His widow, Mercy East, as 
administratrix under license of the Superior Court of Judicature, 
at term 1693, sold the same to Thomas Banister, by deed dated 
Nov. 24, 1694 (L. 17, f. 23), ^'- two acres and near an half hounded 



188 City Document No. 105. 

east on Samuel Sewall, south on the Common, west on Capt. 
Nathaniel Williams (i.e., Blackstone lot), north on Nathaniel 
Oliver (who sold to Allen), measuring on the east side 26 rodd 
and 11 feet, on the south side 12 rodd 13 feet, on the west side 35 
rodd and 1 1 feet, and on the north side 1 4 rodd and 8 feet." Sam- 
uel East, as eldest son of the intestate, released lo said Banister 
all his right by deed, indorsed on and recorded with the above. 

The definite measurements in this deed have enabled me to fix 
with precision the lines of this pasture, notwithstanding it comes 
in the centre of Copley's estate, and the westerly lot purchased by 
Copley has no measurements whatever. If this deed had given no 
measurements it could only have been a matter of " guess" what 
was the exact westerly boundary line of this pasture, or, in other 
words, the exact easterlj' line of Blackstone's 6-acre lot. Mr. 
Banister, the gi-antee in this deed, acquired also the Blackstone 
lot, making his whole ownership 8^ acres. And the title from 
him I shall trace down, after first getting that purchase into him, 
in a subsequent number. 

Gleaner. 



' 



"Gleaner" Articles. 189 



LXVII. 

HISTORICAL. 

November 12, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — In our last article we traced into Thomas Banis- 
ter, in 1694, the East pasture of 2^ acres, bounded west on land 
of Nathaniel Williams. Now, we long since called upon William 
Blackstoue, and have seen that the town granted to him 50 acres, 
and that when he sold out to the town all his right in the same 
and in all lands on the peninsula, he retained to himself a 6-acre 
lot, which he subsequently sold to Richard Pepys, while the town, 
in 1640, passed a vote not to grant any more house-lots within 
certain limits ; the consequence of which vote was the Boston Com- 
mon, which was doubtless, in great part, the residue of the 50 
acres granted to Blackstone. We have also referred to the cele- 
brated depositions of Odlin and others (and of Anne Pollard, 
1711, L. 26, f. 84). 

From the deeds of Cole to Phillips, 1658, and of Phillips to 
Leverett and wife in 1672, of the Zachariah Phillips pasture in 
the rear, it is certain that in 1658 this 6-acre lot belonged to 
"Nathaniel Williams," and that, in 1672, it was "the occupa- 
tion of Peter Bracket, or other successors of Nathaniel Williams, 
deceased." In 1638 there is a town grant in the new field near 
Mr. Blackstone's (Records, f. 64, 27th 12th 1642.) William 
Colbron and Jacob Eliot are appointed to view a parcel of land 
toward Mr. Blackston's beach, which Richard Peapes [i.e., Pepys] 
desires to purchase of the Towne, whether it may be conveniently 
sold to him. 

(Vol.4, f. 6 .4) Richard Pepys and Mary, his wife, of Ashon, Essex 
Count}', conveyed to Nathaniel Williams, by act dated .January 30, 
1655, expressly referred to in the deed of 1676, hereinafter men- 
tioned. Williams died, and his widow Mary married Peter Bracket 
before March 6, 1664 (see deed in 4, f. 264), and Peter Bracket and 
Mary, his wife, late widow of Nathaniel Williams, in consideration 
of her natural love to Nathaniel Williams, and Mary Viall, chil- 
dren of said Mary by her first husband, conveyed to them, three- 
quarters to said Nathaniel and one-quarter to said Mary, by deed 
of gift, April 14, 1676 (L. 9, f. 325), "all that messuage with 



190 City Document No. 105. 

the barues, stables, orchards, gardens, and also that six acres 
of land, be it more or less, adjoining and belonging to said 
messuage, called the Blackstone lot, being the same which 
were conveyed to said Nathaniel by Richard Pepys of Ashon, 
Essex County, and Mary, his wife, as by their act, bearing date 
Jan. 30, 1G55, more fully will appear." 

There being no description in this deed, the land might be at 
Barton Point as well as at Beacon street ; but, independently of 
the depositions referred to, the deeds of the adjoining pasture of 
Zechariah Phillips in 1658-72 fix the lands of Nathaniel Williams 
in 1658, and in occupation of Peter Bracket, etc., in 1672, to be 
in this precise locality. 

I am sorry to say that I have never succeeded in getting Mrs. 
Viall's one quarter part into her brother b}' any deed on record. 
But, as few men are so depraved as to rob a sister, I am charitable 
enough to believe that he bought her out honestly, though he may 
have omitted to record his deed. At any rate, his present suc- 
cessors will probably feel that they are now, as a practical matter, 
reasonably safe under the following deed, viz. : — 

Nathaniel Williams, and Sarah his wife, in consideration of 
£130 in the present current money, conveyed to Thomas Banister 
yb warranty deeds Jan. 29, 1708-9 (L. 24, f. 103), all that his, 
the said William's, certain orchard and pasture laud, containing in 
the whole, by estimation, six acres, or thereabouts, be it more or 
less, situate, lying and being at the lower or north-westerly side of 
the Common, or Training Field, in Boston aforesaid, being en- 
closed and within fence, and the flats lying against the same down 
to low-water mark. The said upland and flats being butted and 
bounded on the northerly side in part by Charles river or a cove, 
and partly by the lands of John Leverett (^■.e., Phillips pasture) 
and James Allen, on whom also it abuts to the north-east, bounded 
easterly in part by land of the said James Allen, and partly by 
the land of the said Thomas Banister, {i.e. East's pasture ), and 
southei ly by the Common or Training Field, or however otherwise 
the same is bounded or reputed to be bounded ; together with all 
the trees, stones, fences, banks, ditches, waters, and water-courses 
therein or thereabout, and belonging thereto, rights, membei's, 
hereditaments, profits, feedings, privileges, and appurtenances 
thereof. 

Sevcnty-iwo dollars an acre for upland, with the flats thrown in, 
is rather (;heap for land on Beacon street, even 150 years ago 

Gleaner. 



Gleaner" Articles. 191 



LXVIII. 

HISTORICAL. 

November 16, 1S55. 

Mr. Editor: — la 1709 we have seeu that Thomas Banister 
had purdiased both the East and the Blaekstone lots, making to- 
gether 8^ acres of upland. The name of " Mount Pleasant," so 
familiar to our Roxbury neighbors, was given also to this estate. 

I once saw a very large and accurate plan in the possession of 
the Mt. Vernon proprietors, made 60 or 70 years ago, which was 
entitled by the surveyor, in large and elaborate letters, a plan of 
"Mount Hoardam." This struck me as a very ingenious and 
modest way of conforming to the then popular nomenclature of 
the spot, without giving offence " to ears polite." 

Banister died, leaving a will dated Jan. 25, 1708-9, and codicil 
dated July 13, 1709 ; and his wife died in 1711. By his will he 
devises to bis three sons, Thomas, Samuel, and John, " and if 
either die without heirs lawfully begotten in wedlock, I will their 
share or proportion to the surviving sons or son and their heirs for- 
ever." 

Besides these three sons the testator left an only daughter, 
Mary, wife of Giles Dyer. John died without issue in Great 
Britain, June 30, 1714. Thomas died Sept. 12, 1716, leaving issue 
five sons and a daughter, and Samuel died without issue, Feb. 28, 
1744. 

In 1713 Samuel and John had made Thomas their attorney (]j. 
28, f. 151), who for himself, and "as such attorney," after the 
death of one constituent, and by deed not executed in the names 
of either constituent, conveyed to Giles Dyer (28, f.l52), who 
covenanted to reconvey on certain payments (lb., f. 153). Said 
Thomas, for himself, and " as attorney of Samuel," reciting the 
death of John, conveyed to said Dyer, Dec. 10, 1714 (L. 28, f. 
242), other lands ; " also the one moiety or half part of all that 
tract or parcel of land in the town of Boston aforesaid, bounded 
easterly on the Common or Training Field, containing by estima- 
tion about eight acres, and known by the name of Mount Pleasant, 
in the tenui-e or improvement of John Langdon, butcher." Did he 
h.ave a slaughter-house on the premises ? 



192 City Document No. 105. 

And Giles Dyer, reciting these two deeds of Thomas Banister 
to him, for £1,000 consideration conveyed to Samuel, June 21, 1717 
(L. 32, f. 1), " all the housing lands, tenements and real estate 
granted and sold to me the said Giles Dyer in and by the said two 
deeds" (except other land). I am sorry to say that I find two 
mortgages of Samuel Banister, one for £250 in 1716 (L. 32, f. 
1), the other for £200 in 1719 (L. 33, f. 261), both undischarged. 
He made a final mortgage for £1,850 to Nathaniel Cunningham by 
warranty deed, Dec. 28, 1733 (L. 48, f. 53), under a foreclosure of 
which the absolute title was claimed by Cunningham. 

The description in the deed to Cunningham was as follows : 
" All that his the said Samuel Banister's certain tract or parcell of 
land which is now improved as a garden, and enclosed within fence 
with the dwelling-house thereon standing, situate, lying and being 
at the lower or north-westerly side of the Comon or Training 
Field in Boston aforesaid, containing in the whole, by estimation, 
eight acres and an half or thereabouts, and be the same more or 
less, and the flatts lying against the same down to low- water mark. 
The said upland and flatts being butted and bounded as foUoweth, 
viz. : southerly or south-easterly on the Comon or Training Field ; 
on the north-westerly side in part by Charles river, or a cove, and 
partly by the lands of the late John Leverett, Esq., and Mr. 
James Allen, both deceased, their heirs or assigns, on whom also 
it abutts to the north-east, and easterly by land of the heirs or 
assigns of the late Samuel Sewall, Esquire, deceased, or how- 
ever otherwise butted and bounded," etc. 

Nathaniel Cunningham died, and by will, dated May 1, 1740, 
proved December 27, 1748, made his son Nathaniel residuary 
legatee, who was appointed administrator with the will annexed, 
and died in 1757, Peter Chardon being administrator. His inven- 
tory mentions "a house, land, and pasture at the bottom of the 
Common, occupied by Mr. Chapman and others, containing 8| 
acres, £250" (L. 53, f. 61). So that less than a century ago 
land in Beacon street (flats thrown in) was worth but 97 dollars 
an acre. 

Gleaner. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 19b 



LXIX. 

[COPLEYS TITLE. — Continued."^ ' 
November 19, 1855. 

Mr. Editor: — We left in Nathaniel Cunningham, deceased, 
under the admioistration of Peter Chardon, in 1757, the 8^ acres of 
upland, with the flats, composed of the East pasture of 2J- acres 
and the Blackstone 6-acre lot. Under the will of the old owner, 
Thomas Banister, who had devised, in 1709, in tail to his three 
sons, with cross remainders on their death without issue, claims 
were repeatedly set up. Thus, in July, 1750, John Banister, Sam- 
uel Banister, and Wm. Bowen, and Francis, his wife, grandchil- 
dren of said testator, brought an ejectment against Cunningham, 
which was decided in favor of tenants ; and in August following 
the jury on appeal gave the same verdict. In February, 1753, the 
same demandants brought a writ of review before the Superior 
Court, and in August following the jury found a special verdict ; 
and in March, 1754, the Court, after a full hearing, gave judgment 
in favor of the tenants. In January, 1765, John Banister brought 
his writ of ejectment, which was carried to the Superior Court by 
demurrer, and dropped by his death, which took place Nov. 10, 1767. 

And now, during the lull that ensued, as is alleged, " on Jan- 
nary 18, 1769, Peter Chardon, Esquire, as executor of Nathaniel 
Cunningham, executed a deed of conveyance to John Singleton 
Copley of these premises." No such deed, however, is found on 
record ; and, more than that, the proceeds of the estate were not 
accounted for in the Probate Office by Mr. Chardon, as adminis- 
trator, with the will annexed. 

On March 29, 1769, John Banister, of Newport, brought an 
ejectment against Ephraim Fenno. At the Inferior Court of 
April, 1769, said Copley was vouched in as defendant, and the 
case was carried by demurrer to the Superior Court, and decided 
in Colpey's favor. 

The late Hon. Robert T. Paine, on January 31, 1809, gave his 
deposition in perpetuam for Messrs. Mason and Otis, in which he 

""This title is supplied by me, as the original is styled simply " Historical." — W. H. W. 



194 City Document No. 105. 

states that " in 1769 he was counsel for Mr. Copley in this last 
suit ; that he preserved a bundle of minutes, among which is the 
statement of title (of which the particulars are above noticed, in- 
cluding the mention of the deed to Coj^ley) , which he has no doubt 
was given him by said Copley or by Samuel Quincy, his counsel, 
and which he has no doubt is a true abstract of Copley's title as 
derived from Thomas Banister, and was prepared from the docu- 
ments to be used in said trial ; that he believed the question of 
title under Cunningham was vol in dispute^ but was acknowledged, 
and it was expected that the cause would turn upon the question of 
cross remainders, under Thomas Banister's will, and that the 
cause was determined in favor of Copley ; that he knew the 
premises in 17G0, and pastured his horse there; that Ruth Otis, 
wife of James Otis, was living in Boston, and he an eminent law- 
3^er, knowing the demand of Banister, and arguing a case aris- 
ing under the same will, and that from and after the verdict of 
Copley, I always understood that the premises were his property 
till I heard that he had sold them, so that they came to the pos- 
session of Messrs. Mason and Otis " (221, f. 107). This Banister 
family owned a valuable estate on the south side of Winter street, 
which, from that circumstance, was long known as "Banister's 
Lane." 

It will be remembered, also, that the deeds of the westerly lots 
of Sewall's Elm pasture, bought by Copley in 1770, bounded west 
on this land, as then belonging to said Copley. It will also be 
remembered that there aie two volumes of deeds missing, in one 
of which we may charitably suppose Mr. Copley's deed to have 
been recorded. Another valuable tract of the Leverett-street 
lands, formerly belonging to the same Mr. Cunningham, is also 
held under a deed from Mr, Copley, in 1771 (L. 119, f. 191), 
though there is the same absence of any deed to him. 

This want of any record title in Copley, as to these whole 8 J 
acres, eventually proved a very serious source of trouble to his 
grantees. Gleaner. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 195 



LXX. 

COPLEY'S SALE IN 1795. 
Novemher 23, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — We left John Siogleton Copley the owner in 
1769-1773 of the whole three estates held under Sewall, East, 
and Blackstoue, making together 11 acres of upland with the 
flats ; there being this little omission, that he had no deed on 
record of 8^ acres out of the 11, with all the flats ; or, as perhaps 
it may be better stated, a record title to only the easterly 2^ acres 
out of 20 acres of upland and flats. Mr. Copley was the most dis- 
tinguished portrait-painter of America, uuapproached by any 
successor except Stuart. The exquisite satin of his ladies' dresses 
and delicate tints of his luscious fruits gave great additional value 
to paintings which have preserved, in the most life-like manner, 
for the delight of a distant posterity, the fair and intelligent faces, 
the lovely or manly forms, of a past generation. 

Mr. Copley removed to England, and Gardiner Greene, Esq., 
was his agent. Messrs. Jonathan Mason and H. G. Otis made a 
contract for the purchase of this estate, through the agency of Mr. 
Greene. When the deed was sent out for execution, Mr. Copley 
had ascertained that the State House was to be located near his 
estate, which, of itself, greatly enhanced its value ; changing its 
character from mere pasture land on the outskirts of Boston to a 
central estate, extremely desirable for residences. He felt that 
important information had been withheld from him and from hia 
agent, and refused to sign the deed. A bill in equity was brought 
to enforce the contract for sale. He probably found that there 
was no chance of escape, and the result was that he executed a 
letter of attorney to his son, — since Lord Chancellor Lyndhurst, 
— dated in October, 1795, which was recorded February 24, 1790 
(L. 182, f. 182). 

A gentleman of this city, now among its senior members, mem- 
tioned to me a few daj^s since, that a lady, now deceased, once 
remarked to him that she attended a ball at the house of the late 
D. D. Rogers, before her marriage, and that young Mr. Copley 



19G City Document No. 105. 

was present. That house, like all its neighbors, stood at some 
distance from the street, and was approached by a high flight of 
steps. On this occasion the same difficulty occurred as at Gov- 
ernor Bowdoin's dinner-party ; but, of course, a young lady in a 
ball-di'ess could not resort to the same mode of escape as did the 
guests of His Excellency. On the contrar}', notwithstanding the 
devoted services of her future husband, she made an involuntary 
and decidedly precipitate descent towards the street, — a circum- 
stance which had impressed this occasion distinctly on her memory. 

Mr. Copley's son and attorney came out to this country, having 
recently completed his professional studies, and said Coplej', " now 
of George street, Hanover square, in the Kingdom of Great Brit- 
ain, Esquire," acting by said attorney, for the consideration of 
$18,450 conveyed to said Mason and Otis by deed of release 
(reciting a previous lease for one year, being what is known as a 
conveyance of lease and release), dated Feb. 22, 1796, recorded 
in Lib. 182, fol. 184. 

No deed of any lands in Boston within a century will compare 
with this in importance. The description is, " All that tract or 
parcel of land situated in the westerly part of Boston aforesaid, 
bounded as follows : Southerly by a line abutting on the Common 
or training-field, running from the southern extremity of a fence 
erected by Dcjctor Joy ; easterly by the said fence of said Doctor 
Joy ; northerly by a line running from the northern extremity of 
the aforesaid fence ; north-westerly 85 feet or thereabouts, abutting 
on Olive street ; then by a line running south-westerl}^ 1 20 feet or 
thereabouts, abutting on land formerly belonging to Jeremiah 
Wheelwright, Esquire ; then by a line running north-westerly 220 
feet or thereabouts, and abutting on land formerly belonging to 
said Wheelright; then by a line running north-westerly 217 feet, 
abutting on land formerly belonging to said Jeremiah Wheelwright; 
lastly by a line running north-westerly towards the water, together 
with all the flats lying before the same, down to low-water mark, 
&c., &c., or however the same may be butted or bounded." No 
reference to title, and no statement of contents. 

Taking into consideration the upland and flats both, this pur- 
chase is at a considerably less rate than $1,000 per acre. Indeed, 
I have very little doubt that it conveyed at least 13 or 14 acres of 
upland, since his description totvards the water being construed as 
meaning to the water, and being confirmed by a fence erected 
according, carried the line, as we have before stated, across the 
rear lots of Zachariah Phillips' pasture, and formed a basis of a 



"Gleainer" Articles. 197 

dissesia title to quite an additional number of acres of upland and 
flats, though it also contained the germ of one of the most cele- 
brated and important lawsuits known in our day. 

Copley personally executed a confirmatory deed, with release of 
dower, dated April 17, 1797 (L. 191, f. 168), which is not 
acknowledged. It is made to Mason and Otis and Mr. Joseph 
Woodward, who for $5.00 released to them by deed in 1817 (L. 
255, f. 246). 

The description in this deed from Copley is as above, except 
that tlie corner of Dr. Joy's fence is said to be 185 feet from 
George, or Belknap, street, and that said fence runs at right angles 
with the southerly line of said Joy's land on Beacon street. 

Thus it seemed that this great purchase was consummated in a 

manner satisfactory at least to the purchasers ; but there was 

further tribulation and anguish in store for them. The ligitation 

of the middle of the last century was to be again renewed on the 

same extensive scale, breaking out, however, iu a new spot, — the 

want of any deed to Copley. 

Gleaner 



198 City Document No. 105. 



LXXI, 

[COPLEY'S SALE. — Continued.'^^ 
November 26, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — As the law stood when Messrs. Masou and Otia 
made the Copley purchase, a " writ of right" to defeat a title 
might be brought by a claimant at any time within sixty years 
(Statute, 178G, ch. 13). On March 2, 1808, a statute was passed 
(Statute, 1807, ch. 75), that, from and after January 1, 1812, the 
sixty years should be reduced to forty ; and thus the law continued 
till January 1, 1840, when the Revised Statutes made a further 
change, by reducing the limitation of forty years to twenty years 
(with certain savings). All these changes are in the right direc- 
tion, — a remark by no means true of all recent legislation. 

The statute of 1807, above referred to, besides the change of the 
period of limitation, introduced also an entirely new provision, and 
one of great importance as a matter of public policy, and entii'ely 
equitable in its bearings, viz., the " betterment law," by which a 
party who had had six years' possession and had made valuable 
improvements, or " betterments," should, on failure of title, be 
entitled to compensation for his improvements. 

This betterment law was nominally asked for as being especially 
necessary in respect to lands in Maine ; but it was, in fact, in- 
tended to apply to the Copley estate. The proprietors were daily 
giving warranty deeds, and in case of an ultimate eviction the 
constantly increasing value of the lands would make the final 
measure of damages very severe to the warrantors, and it would 
be utterly ruinous to them if purchasers could come upon them also 
for the whole cost of their improvements. If this real object had 
been disclosed, the Legislature would have refused to rich posses- 
sors in Boston the protection which they readily granted to poor 
squatters in Maine, viz. : a wise enactment applicable alike in both 
cases. The provisions of the betterment law have since been 
further extended, so as to protect any person bu3'ingin good faitli, 
under a title believed to be good, and making immediate improve- 

« New title. — W.H.W. 



"Gleaner" Akticles. 199 

ments. The strong motives of self-iuterest on the part of these 
proprietors, and tiieir adroit management, thus directly led to great 
improvements in the law of the land. 

These proprietors were doubtless well aware, from the beginning, 
of the want of any deed to Copley from Cunningham's administrator. 
And the same discovery was also seasonably made by his heirs-at-law. 
Suits were accordingly commenced to dispossess Copley's grantees, 
and great alarm and anxiety resulted tlierefrom. The late Abra- 
ham Moore, Esq., was by marriage nearly connected with the 
claimant, and Mr. Otis, availing himself of his personal good offices 
and assistance, at last succeeded in obtaining a full release. This, I 
have always understood, was effected without the slightest sus- 
picions of her counsel. I have been told, indeed, that Mr. Otis 
went into court, and in his blandest and most courteous manner 
moved that the suits should be dismissed. The opposite counsel 
naturally wished to know upon what specific grounds he made this 
unexpected motion. He suggested, in reply, the very conclusive 
one, of a full release in his pocket from the demandant herself. 
This, thougli not drawn up with the technical formalities of special 
pleading, proved probably as effectual a "rebutter" as was ever 
submitted to the decision of a court. 

The claimant, Susanna Cunningham, was understood to have 
made an agreement with George Sullivan, Esquire, and Mf. Mur- 
ray, b}' wliich they were to carry on the suits for her, and were to share 
largely in the expected " plunder." These gentlemen were fearful 
lest she should l)e tampered with, and took possession of her, keep- 
ing her secluded in Mr. Murray's estate on the North River, with 
as much vigilance as was shown of old in regard to the golden 
fruit in the garden of the Hesperidcs. But the fates were against 
them. The genius of Mr. Otis prevailed. Into this Eden the 
tempter entered as of old. The lady eloped from her lecful guar- 
dians^ as many a lady has done before and since ; and she parted 
at last, not indeed with her heart and hand, but with her tUle and 
estate, by an unconditional surrender. Those who had bargained 
for her claim thus lost their share of the expected profits, and had 
the pleasure of paying their own expenses. Everybody was 
pleased at their disappointment.^' 

Susanna Cunningham, of New York, in consideration of five 
dollars, quitclaimed to said Mason and Otis, and to Benjamin Joy, 

M It is but fair to state that the opinions expressed by Mr. Bowditch in these articles 
are entitled to only such weight as his character may give them. Their reproduction 
is necessarily without examination or endorsement. -- W. H. W. 



200 City Docuivient No. 105. 

" all the right, title, interest, demand, or estate, which I have or 
may have by any wa^'s or means whatsoever, in and to a certain 
tract of land in Boston, containing by estimation 8i acres, bounded 
southerly by Beacon street, north-westerly on Charles River in part, 
and partly by land formerly of John Leverett and Mr. James 
Allen, north-east and northerly by land formerly of said Leverett, 
of James Allen, and Nathaniel Oliver, and easterly partly on land 
formerly of Samuel Sewall, now John Vinal's, and partly by land 
of said James Allen, together with all the flats lying before the 
same to low-water mark, or however the same may measure or be 
bounded, the said land being the same which said Mason and Otis, 
and Joy, or one of them, or persons claiming under them, or some 
of them, now hold in their actual occupation, and are the same 
lands conveyed to said Mason, Otis, and Joy by deed from John 
S. Copley to hold to them, their heirs and assigns, according to 
their own deeds, agreements and partitions among themselves." 

This deed is dated, acknowledged, and recorded August 17, 
1812 (L. 240, f. 250). 

That was a happy day for these purchasers. They doubtless all 
slept the more soundly the next night than they had for some time. 
It is generall}' believed, however, that j^ue dollars does not express 
the exact sum paid to quiet this claim. It has been suggested that 
quite a number of thousands of dollars were really paid, and that 
even Mr. Moore had a very respectable fee for his services. It 
may, at least be safely said, as in the case of the State-House wall, 
" the cost somewhat exceeded the estimates." Gleaner. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 201 



LXXII. 

[COPLEY'S LAND. — CondMC?ed.«°] 
JVovemher 30, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — The Copley purchase bounded in the rear almost 
wholly on Allen's pasture, large portions of which became also 
vested, as we have seen, in the same purchasers, partly by deed of 
Enoch Brown's heirs, and partly by the deed of the devisees of 
Jeremiah Wheelwright. In Lib. 192, fol. 198, is a great plan of all 
these purchasers, the dotted lines of which show the lines of the 
Copley deed, as claimed to run ; and from this survey it appears that 
these three purchases together gave the proprietors a tract of 
land bounded southerly on Beacon street, 850 feet 8 inches ; east- 
erly on Dr. Joy's land (or Walnut street), 457 feet 4 inches ; south 
on Dr. Joy's land (or Mt. Vernon street), 305 feet 1 inch; east- 
erly again on Belknap street, 236 feet 1 inch ; then north on one 
of the lots of Cooke's pasture, 77 feet ; easterly again on ditto, 83 
feet 9 inches ; and then north by a general straight line to tlie 
water. This last line coincides with the rear line of the estates on 
the north side of Pinckney street, as subsequently laid out. 

On this plan appear the old powder-house, near the north-west 
corner of the tract, and two dwelling-houses fronting towards Bea- 
con street, near its south-easterly corner. One of these houses was 
formerly occupied by Copley. For several years they had been 
occupied; the first by Charles Cushing, Esq., and the other by 
" Master Vinal." The Cushing house is the source of title to the 
block now owned and occupied by Messrs. Nathan Appleton and 
Henderson Inches ; while " Master Viual " is represented by Hon. 
David Sears. 

One very observable fact is, that on this plan the lots of Zecha- 
riah Phillips's pasture, which should have been delineated at its 
north-westerly corner, do not appear. Not only is the Copley lot 
extended to the water, instead of towards the water, but the 
extreme north line of the whole plan, or the south line of the rope- 
walks of Swett, Farley, and Hammond, is extended beyond the 
west end of the rope- walks, in the same direction, to the water. 

s'-New title. — W.H.W. 



202 City Document No. 105. 

In other words, the pasture bought of Wheelwright's devisees is mad& 
to sweep across these lots, precisely as the Copley estate is made to 
do; and this although the deed of Wheelwright's devisees did not pre- 
tend to run towards the loater, but bounded ivesterly on these Phillips 
lots. The lots of Zechariah Phillips's pasture, the existence of 
which is thus ignored on the plan, were likewise ignored in fact. 
The Latin maxim was acted on, — De non apparentibus et de non 
existantibus eadem est lex." 

As one and another of the owners of these lots came forward 
and claimed their rights they were settled with. Thus, Samuel 
Swett sold one lot in 1803 (L. 207, f. 115). The heirs of Tilley 
quitclaimed in 1814, etc. (L. 410, f. 155-156 ; L. 249, f. 13G), the 
lots subsequently sued for by the Overseers of the Poor, claiming 
under foreclosure of mortgage made by the ancestor ; and William 
Donneson conveyed one lot even as lately as 1828 (L. 338, f. 
213). These proprietors also purchased very many of the water- 
lots of Zechariah Phillips's pasture, lying north of the range of 
their original purchase, so that they were separated from Cam- 
bridge street only by Mr. Bulfinch's land. 

The Mount Vernon proprietors were Jonathan Mason and H. G. 
Otis, each three-tenths, and Benjamin Joy two-tenths ; while the 
remaining two-tenths were held by General Ilenr}' Jackson, and 
more recently by Wm. Sullivan, as trustees of llepsibah C. Swan, 
wife of James Swan, Esq., and subject to her appointment. Va- 
rious partitions were made by mutual releases, by indentures of 
division, and by order of court. A partial division was made by 
the indenture recorded with the plan above referred to, on which 
appears, for the first time. Walnut street, Chestnut street, Mount 
Vernon street (west of Belknap street), and Pinckney street. The 
indenture laying out Louisburg square, etc., was made in 1826 
(L. 312, f. 217, etc.). A large division of the lands, east and 
west of Charles street, etc., had been made in 1S09, by order of 
court, as per plan at the end of Lib. 230 ; and another, of the 
lands west of Charles street, and north of the Mill-dam in 1828, 
the plans being recorded at the end of L. 330. 

On the first old plan of L. 192, the sea came up to a point 850 
feet west of Dr. Joy's fence, or to a point 143 feet east of the east 
line of Charles street. This would reach to the easterly corner of 
the house next east of Mr. John Bryant's, on Beacon street ; and 
accordingly, Mr. Bryant informs me, that when he dug his cellar 
he came to the natural beach, witii its rounded pebble stones, at the 
depth of three or four feet hAow the surface. The barberry bushes 



"Gleaner" Articles. 203 

speedily disappeared after tliis Copley purchase. Ciiarles street 
was laid out through it, and lots sold off ou that street iu 1804. 
The first railroad ever used iu this country was here employed, an 
incline plane being laid, down which dirt-cars were made to slide, 
emptying their loads iu the water at the foot of the hill. It was 
not, however, until Mr. Otis himself became mayor that the final 
improvements of digging away May street and the adjoining lands, 
and reducing the hill to its present grade, were completed. Ou 
this occasion I remember one "black" tenement perched up in 
the air at least 15 feet above its old level. These final measures, 
though certainly important to the public convenience, happened 
also to be very beneficial to the Mount Vernon Proprietors, afford- 
ing another instance in which their interests and those of the com- 
munity, being identical, were advanced by one and the same 
instrumentality. Gleanee. 



204 City Document No. 105. 



LXXIII. 

MOUNT VERNON STREET.'" 

December 4, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — On the Copley estate live, or have lived, a large 
proportion of those most distinguished among us for intellect and 
learning, or for enterprise, wealth, and public spirit. I do not 
propose to be guilty of the impertinence of saying much about 
private individuals because they happen to live in a certain locality. 
I shall merely mention a few incidents and facts which occur to 
me. The easterly part of Copley's estate is, as we have stated, 
composed of 2| acres of Sewall's Elm Pasture. Sewall street, as 
laid out in 1 732, would extend west of Walnut street about 200 feet, 
and would destroy the out-buildings of about the first eight or ten 
houses on Chestnut street ; and, though Mr. Sears is one of the 
last of our citizens whom we would feel inclined to send to or put 
in " Coventry," I am sorry to say that Coventry street, as laid out 
in 1732, runs north from Beacon street 140 feet west of Walnut 
street, and would therefore pass directly through his elegant estate. 
The jMassachusetts General Hospital has two free beds for surgical 
cases to be forever supported from the income of Mr. Sears' 
bounty, who also contributed generously to the enlargement of its 
buildings in 18-46. Desirous that his children, during his life, 
should enjoy the benefits of his wealth, he has displayed towards 
them and their families a liberality unsurpassed in this community, 
while, at the same time, he has never overlooked or disregarded 
any just claims of the public. I should, therefore, be truly sorry 
that he should be rendered houseless by this venerable highway. 

The outstanding fee of or easements in these ancient streets will 
not, however, probably very seriously effect the present market 
value of any of these estates. 

The Mount Vernon Proprietors sold, in 1804, to Richard C. 
Derby, a lot measuring 73 feet on Chestnut street, and extending 
back on land of Otis 150 feet to Olive or Mount Vernon street, 
on which he erected a mansion-house fronting on Chestnut street, 

"New tide. — W.H.W. 



"Gleaxer" Articles. 205 

which lie occupied for many j-ears. Mouut Vernon street, when 
actually laid out, proved to be about 165 feet from Chestnut street 
at this spot. There was consequently a gore of land on Mount 
Vernon street, in front of the stable built by Mr. Derby, on what 
he supposed to be the line of that street, and which the measure- 
ments of his deed did not cover. This surplus gore of land must 
have been peculiarly unsightly to the Mount Vernon Proprietors, 
as it kept constantly before them, probably, the only instance in 
which they had parted with more than they intended. This estate 
was sold in 1846 to the Messrs. Thayer, whose two freestone 
houses were erected fronting on this latter street. A remarkable 
change was thus wrought, since only a few 3'ears ago horses were 
groomed and carriages washed amid the litter of a stable, where 
are now two of the most lofty vestibules and magnificent drawing- 
rooms iu Boston. 

It has been said that an absent-minded fellow-citizen, when trav- 
elling, once bought his own boots. It is certain that two of our 
most intelligent citizens, formerl}- residing in Beacon street, deliber- 
ately bought their own houses. One of them had on various occa- 
sions spoken, about selling his estate, and a broker, one day, said to 
him, " Oh, it is very well for you to talk in this way. You dare 
not name a price which 3'ou will be willing to take." The owner, 
piqued by this challenge, instantly replied, " Yes, I will. I will 
take $50,000." — "I will give it," was the equally instant and 
appalling rejoinder. The owner, of course, could not refuse to sign 
a wantten agreement, thus making himself legally responsible. But 
the unwillingness of a member of his family to remove led him to 
propose a reference in regard to the question of damages, and the 
result was that he remained in his own house at the price of ten 
thousand dollars. He, as may be easibj believed, never offered it 
for sale again. After his death it became the property of Heuder- 
luon Inches, Esq. Another gentleman himself repented of a sale 
on toober second thought, and voluntarily rescinded the contract at 
the same cost. His house is now owned by William H. Prescott, 
the historian. 

Mr. Otis erected an elegant mansion on Mount Vernon street, 
which he occupied for some years. It was subsequently sold to 
the wife of Col. Benjamin Pickman, of Salem, for $29,500 (in 
1805, L. 211, f. 156), who, altering his mind as to his intended 
removal to this city, sold it for $18,700 (in 1806, L. 217, f. 232), 
to John Orborn. It was for many 3'ears the residence of Mrs. 
Gibbs, widow of the distinguished Newport merchant, who bought 



206 City Docibient No. 105. 

it of Mr. Osborn in 1809, for $28,500 (L. 230, f. 179; L. 234, 
f. 262), and her daughter, Miss Sarah Gibbs, became the owner, in 
1828, at a cost of $25,950. Samuel Hooper, Esq., bought of hei 
in A.D. 1845, for $48,000 (L. 544, f. 233), and, after selluig off 
the house-lots on Pinckuey street, sold the residue for $70,000 to 
the Misses Pratt, in 1853. Though thus curtailed, it is still one of 
the finest private residences left in the city. 

East of this mansion is a block of buildings, erected 30 feet 
back from the street, under an agreement in A.D. 1820, imposing 
mutual restrictions between the late owners, Benjamin Joy and 
Jonathan Mason, deceased (L. 2G9, f. 304) ; and a like restriction 
in a deed of Mr. Swan's lot in 1832 (L. 358, f. 2). The first 
house in this block stands, indeed, partly on MissGibbs's lot, and 
was the residence of her brother-in-law. Rev. William Ellery 
Channiug, who has a world-wide celebrity as a theologian and 
philanthropist. 

On the west of this Otis mansion is a large lot, on which stand 
two houses fronting on Mt. Vernon street, besides smaller houses 
in the rear, fronting on Piuckney street. This was sold in 1805 to 
Charles Bulfijich (L. 214, f. 18), who in 1806 divided the front 
into two lots, by deeds (L. 215, f. 147 ; L. 217, f. 69). The east- 
erly of these two houses was built by Stephen Higginson, Jr., and 
is owned by William Sawyer, Esq., one of our oldest retired mer- 
chants, formerly a partner of the late Thomas Wigglesworth. With 
him resides his sister, Mrs. George G. Lee, the well-known author- 
ess. The other house was built and formerly owned and occupied 
b}' General David Humphreys, whose widow, a native of Portugal, 
at an advanced age, married a French Count Walewski (about A.D. 
1830). At her request, the late Hon. John Pickering "gave her 
away," much to the amusement of his friends. He advised her to 
secure her property to her separate use. She, however, declined 
doing so, remarking: "It is delightful to us women to feel our- 
selves dependent for everything on the man we love." Her senti- 
mental bridal illusions were, however, speedil}^ dissipated, as in 
the similar case of Madam Haley. Her husband, doubtless, took 
a more matter-of-fact view of the ceremony, and perhaps was even 
then thinking of — this land. At any rate, she soon died, and this 
estate, converted into cash, was remitted to Paris (L. 351, f. 34; 
L. 373, f. 23), to replenish the finances of " the Count." 

Gleaner. 



"Gleaner" Articles. 207 



LXXIV. 

THOMAS L. WINTHROP AND JOHN PHILLIPS. 
December 7, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — The first clwelliag-house on Beacon street held 
under the Copley title is that at the corner of Walnut street, 
owned and occupied by the family of the late Thomas Dixon. By 
the great indenture of division in 1799 (L. 392, f. 198), it was 
assigned to Jonathan Mason, who, in 1804, sold the same to John 
Phillips (L. 208, f. 223). He died in 1823, and his heirs in 1825 
conveyed to Thomas L. Winthrop, who died 1841, when his exec- 
utors conveyed to Mr. Dixon. This estate was, therefore, for 
many years in succession, the mansion-house estate of Mr. Phillips 
and of Mr. Winthrop. 

No office in this country is hereditary except, as it would seem, 
that of Register of Deeds, which, in this country, has been held by 
grandfather, father, and son (Henry, William, and Henry AUine), 
whose next immediate predecessor (Ezekiel Goldthwait) was the 
lineal ancestor of the wife of the present incumbent. This tenure, 
during four generations, of an elective office, indicates some sub- 
stantial merits as the basis of popular favor.* In like manner 
one of our earliest governors was John Winthrop. Another, 
equally distinguished, was James Bowdoin. The late Thomas L. 
Winthrop, a lineal descendant of the former, and who married the 
grand-daughter of the latter, was himself elected for seven succes- 
sive years (1826-1832) Lieut. -Governor of the Commonwealth. 
His son, the late Grenville Temple Winthrop, who some years 
since closed a retired life in a neighboring town, was formerly 
commander of that well-known corps, the Boston Cadets. On an 
intensely cold election day the company was not seasonably ready 
to attend upon his Excellency Governor Lincoln, at the conclusion 



* Mr. Goldthwait'3 first signature as Register is to a deed recorded Nov. 6, 1740, L. 
60, f. 77, and his last to a deed recorded Jan. 17, 1776, L. 127, f. 31. It is a remark- 
able fact that both he and his immediate successor died in office blind. I shall gladly 
continue to vote for our present competent and courteous Register until he becomes 
Hind, — a disability which I sincerely hope will never befall him. I am convinced that 
while he has his eyes the public wiU not find a more faithful servant. [Authob'8 
NOTB.] 



208 City Document No. 105. 

of the services at the Old South Church. The undignified haste 
with which they left their snug quarters and pleasant refreshments 
at the Exchange Coffee House, and ran along the streets to over- 
take the Commander-in-Chief, afforded much innocent amusement ; 
but, as a breach of military etiquette, the indignity could not be 
overlooked. The result was a court-martial, and the proceedings 
led to a voluminous publication in two octavos, which a friend 
once playfully pointed out to me as " Wiuthrop's Works." 

Distinguished as was the late Lt. -Governor Winthrop in his 
lifetime, he will hereafter be better known as the father of a more 
distinguished son, Robert C. Winthrop, who, under tiie doctrine of 
hereditary descent, based upon merit, may well aspire to the same 
high position which has been so honorably filled alike by his 
paternal and maternal ancestors. 

However much our views may differ on the subject of slavery, I 
do not believe that the interests of the character of our old Com- 
monwealth would suffer at his hands. So, too, the late John 
Phillips, for ten successive years the President of our State Senate, 
and though selected, from his personal popularity, above all others, 
to be the first Mayor of Boston, will be— nay, is already — chiefly 
remembered as the father of Wendell Phillips. As an advocate in 
any event of disunion, I totally dissent from his views ; but much 
should be pardoned to an honest zeal in a righteous cause. As 
long as a slave shall tread upon that soil which of all others in the 
world seems especially consecrated to freedom, aye, long after 
that foul stigma shall have been effaced from our national char- 
acter, —as God, in his mercy, grant that it speedily may be, 
without civil dissensions and fraternal bloodshed ! — the classic 
erudition and the dignified eloquence of Sumner, the graceful 
delivery, the fervid oratory, the sometimes too impassioned de- 
nunciations of Phillips, will have made their names household 
words as among the foremost of those who in any age or country 
have vindicated the cause of oppressed and degraded humanity. 
I rejoice to believe that the coldness, the bitterness, the social 
proscription of to-day will be amply atoned for hereafter by the 
gratitude of a united, happy, and free people. 

It is a remarkable circumstance that the estate should have been 
derived by the great anti-slavery champion by regular conveyances 
from Jonathan Mason, one of the few Northern men whose votes 
established the Missouri Compromise. And nothing indicates 
more strongly the subsequent retrograde movement of the nation on 
this subject than the fact that we are now seeking, and probably 



"Gleaner" Articles. 209 

seeking in vain, to procure even a restoration of this very compro- 
mise, which, when it was first forced upon us, was regarded with 
universal and unmitigated detestation. We bartered away our 
birthright, and have lost even the poor pittance for which we 
baigained. 

Gl£AN£B. 



210 ' City Document No. 105. 



LXXV. 

BEACON STREET." 
December 11, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — Next west of Lt.-Governor Wiuthrop's house is 
that of Hon. Nathan Appleton. As an associate of the late 
Francis C. Lowell and P. T. Jackson he participated largely in 
the creation of the great manufacturing interest of New England, 
and is probably now as well informed in relation to that subject as 
any one among us. As a member of Congress he was opposed to 
Henry Lee, who advocated free trade in opposition to " the Ameri- 
can system." In my father's household were four voters. He 
himself was a a warm partisan of Mr. A., but two of us "young 
Americans" could not be convinced by his arguments, and so the 
entire family turned out at the polls and exactly ueuti'alized each 
other. Mr. A. is a brother of the late Samuel Appleton, and the 
family name still preserves its ancient brightness. Of his two 
elder daughters one is married to the son and biographer of Sir 
James Mackintosh the Governor of St. Christopher's, the other to 
the poet Longfellow. At the last commencement of Harvard 
College, Mr. Appleton received the honorary degree of Doctor of 
Laws. "'3 

Elizabeth wife of Charles Cushing, Esq., in 1796 acquired a 
lot 73 feet on Beacon street by 165 feet deep (L. 184, f. 90), and he 
purchased the adjoining 25-feet lot, 1804 (L. 210, f. 25). Their 
children conveyed in 1816 to Nathan Appleton and Daniel P. 
Parker (252, f. 69), who erected two elegant brick mansions. 

Mr. Parker was an active and successful merchant, and at his 
death owned one of the finest vessels in the port, to which he had 
given the name of his friend and neighbor, Samuel Appleton. He 
was for several years a trustee of the Massachusetts General 

c2New Title. — W. H. W. 

«Mr. Appleton died July 14, 1861.— W. H. W. 



"Gleaner" Articles. i^ll 

Hospital. He left one son, Henry Tuke Parker, and two daughters, 
the eldest of whom is the wife of Edmund Quincy. 

Mr. Gushing was a well-known citizen, — the Clerk of the Courts ; 
and the testimony of his son of the same name — a gentleman of 
intelligence and high standing — was of great importance to the Mt. 
Vernon Proprietors in the suits brought by the Overseers of tiie 
Poor. He remembered that Copley's fence joined on the old pow- 
der-house, thus establishing an ancient monument. 

Tne stone mansion of Mr. Sears was originally a much lower 
buikUng, having only one bow in the centre, instead of two bows or 
projections. It fronted on a yard or carriage-way, laid out on the 
easterly side of his lot. It was a very graceful and beautiful 
building, and a great ornament to the street. He subsequently 
erected an additional house on the east, covering the whole front of 
his lot, and also making radical changes in the original structure. 
On this lot of Mr. Sears, behind the old house, stood a barn, which 
was converted into a temporary hospital for the wounded British 
officers after the battle of Bunker Hill. When Mr. Sears was 
digging for the foundations of his house, the workmen came, at a 
depth of several feet under the surface, to a gigantic moccasined 
foot, perhaps 2j- feet long, broken off at the ankle, and carved from 
H kind of a sandstone not found in this vicinity, which he pre- 
sented to the Boston Athenaeum, where it now is — not. 

" Master Vinal" would doubtless be much gratified to find that 
his humble wooden house has attained to such high distinction in 
these later times. And even Mr. Copley would admit that the 
houses of Messrs. Sears, Parker, and Appleton have more than 
made good the two domiciles which are delineated in all the dignity 
of yellow paint, with doors, windows, and chimneys, on the origi- 
nal plan of the Mount Vernon Purchase (in Lib. 192). Except 
the old powder-house, we have seen that only these two houses 
appear on a plan of an estate containing a million of square feet, 
upon which now stand probably five hundred houses. 

After Mr. Otis had sold his mansion house on Mt. Vernon street, 
he removed to an elegant and spacious house which he erected on 
Beacon street, next west of Mr. Sears's, and here he lived till his 
death. His lot was 120 feet front by 165 feet in depth. The 
easterly portion was a fine garden. Land at last became so valu- 
able that he did not feel justified in retaining for a mere matter of 
sentiment this beautiful enclosure, which had long pleased all eyes, 
and decided to convert it to a more substantial use. He accord- 
ingly in 1831, sold the easterly part to Mr. Sears, foi $12,412.50 



212 City Document No. 105. 

(L. 356, f. 227), vfho proceeded to erect a house, and on the west 
part Mr. Otis himself erected another. The bow of Mr. Otis's 
mansion house, which originally projected into the garden, still 
projects into this house, though this encroachment is ingeniously 
disposed of and concealed by its interior arrangements. When the 
houses were erected on this garden there was found what had the 
appearance of an old well, entirely filled up with beach sand. 
Its existence was before unknown. The foundations of the new 
buildings were constructed by arching it over. And perhaps, after 
many a year yet to come, it maj- again astonish the spectators. 
The mansion-house itself, after Mr. Otis's death, was conveyed to, 
and is now owned by Samuel Austin, by whom it has been thor- 
oughly renovated. There is, perhaps, on the whole, no more 
desirable residence in Boston. Mr. Austin paid for it the sum of 
$60,000. 

There probably has never lived in Boston any individual with 
finer natural endowments than Mr. Otis. Possessing a noble 
presence, a beautifully modulated voice, great readiness and self- 
possession, and a cultivated intellect, he has rarely, if ever, been 
surpassed in the divine gift of eloquence. Nor was he less agree- 
able and fascinating in the intercourse of private life. His brilliant 
repartees, his graceful compliments, his elegant, manners, made 
him as distinguished and successful in the social circle, as his 
talents and intelligence did at the bar and in all the business 
relations of a long and active life. A single anecdote will illus- 
trate his instant readiness : a friend and his wife were one day 
approaching him in the street. The wife noticed some derange- 
ment of her husband's dress, and stopped to adjust it. As Mr. 
Otis reached them, she turned round, and, struck with the faultless 
neatness of his costume, exclaimed to her husband, "There, 
look at Mr. Otis's bosom." Mr. 0. immediately bowed and said, 
" M ad-am, if your husband could look within this bosom, he would 
die of jealousy." Had Mr. Otis been less absorbed with the care 
of his own concerns and interests, there was no honor in the gift 
of his fellow-citizens which they would not have bestowed upon 
him by acclamation. 

He died in 1848, leaving three sons and one daughter. Several 
of his children had died during his lifetime, three of whom left 
issue. He had strong domestic affections, and the kindest feelings 
existed between him and those employed in his household. He 
rightly thought that that relation involved something more than 
mere service on the one side and wages on the other. I have heard 



"Gleaner" Articles. 213 

him spoken of with great regard by one who for many years was 
a frequent inmate of his dwelling, employed in labors of needle- 
work. In his last will is the following item : " I give to Deborah 
Hastings, my faithful nurse, two hundred dollars, and a suit of 
mourning at the discretion of," &c., " handsome, suitable for her 
condition in life, and not too extravagant." Gleakeb. 



214 City Document No. 105. 



LXXVI. 

THE LOWELL FAMILY." 

December 14, 1855. 

Mr. Editor : — There is uo name among us more entitled to 
honorable commemoration than that of Lowell. It has still one 
venerable living representative, — the survivor of a past generation, 
— Rev. Charles Lowell, D.D., who is father of the distinguished 
poet, James Russell Lowell, and of Mrs. Samuel R. Putnam, a 
lad}' as unaffected and pleasing as she is talented and learned. 
One of Dr. Lowell's brothers, the late Hon. John Lowell, was in 
early life at the head of the Suffolk Bar, and eventually the most 
distinguished agriculturist in New England. He was for many 
years a member of the Corporation of Harvard College, as his son 
John Amory Lowell is now. Another brother, the late Francis C. 
Lowell, devoted himself with the utmost enthusiasm to the estab- 
lishment and development of our manufactures. A great city 
sprang into existence, the future emporium of this branch of our 
national industry, and, by adopting his name, has gratefull}' recog- 
nized hi'i as its virtual founder. 

I have alluded in a former article to the rapid rise in value of 
lands in Boston. The same remarks are even more strikingly 
applicable to lands in Lowell. A single farm of 100 acres was 
bargained for at the outset (1819-22) at from $15 to $20 per acre. 
Nine out of the ten owners conveyed accordingly. The tenth 
died, and in the delay of getting license to sell to raise enough to 
pay his debts, the f of his ^V sold, in 1824, for $3,206.89. This 
sum paid all his debts, and a new license became necessary to sell 
for the benefit of his heirs, and their ^ of -j-V was sold for $4,742. 
When I was examining the titles in Lowell, in 1831, Mr. Kirk 
Boott informed me that this farm, without any improvements, 
could not be worth less than $15,000 per acre, — or, in otlier words, 
that its value had increased, in ten years, from about $1,500 to 
$1,500,000, or a thousand fold. 

•iNew title. — W.H.W. 



" Gleaner " Articles. 215 

I was employed to examiue all the titles in Lowell, from the 
circurastauce that au iudividual was engaged in trying to discover 
defects, and to extort money from the Corporation. I one day 
received a note from Mr. Boott, that this person pretended that a 
valid claim existed for the whole of this farm, because, when it 
was conveyed, in 1782, by Benjamin Melvin, and Joanna, his wife 
(L. 84, f. 277), she was a minor; that both husband and wife had 
lived till within the past few years, and therefore her heirs were 
not yet barred. It of course became of great importance to find 
out whether or not she was a minor in 1782. I knew that there 
was a large trunk full of papers in the Probate Office, which had 
never been recorded, because the fees had not been paid. I deter- 
mined to examine every paper. In doing so I found her choice of 
a guardian in 1772, specif^nng her age to be then 15 j-ears, which 
proved conclusively that she must have been 25 years old at the 
time of her conveyance. I procured a certified copy of this docu- 
ment, and there was no more trouble or alarm on that subject. 

One very curious mistake of title I discovered and caused to be 
corrected, in regaixl to the valuable Hurd estate, then so called, 
since belonging to the Middlesex Company. It contained several 
acres, and was sold in 1827 for $55,000. In 1822 it belonged 
wholly to Thomas Hurd. He conveyed to his brother William in 
1822 (L. 2-18, f. 388), one-half part of all my rights &c., in and to. 
These words were servilelj- copied in the two next deeds, each of 
which was intended to convey the lohole interest of the grantor. 
Thus William, instead of selling ^ sold ^ to Joseph Hurd in 1824 
(L. 268. f. 208), and Joseph reconveyed to Thomas in 1826 
(L. 268, f. 236), only ^ instead of the h which he supposed that he 
was selling. Three-eighths of the whole land were thus left out- 
standhig, merely from supposing that moiety had no meaning. 
I once met with a like curious defect in a title in Boston, caused 
by its being supposed to mean any fractional share whatever. A 
series of deeds conveyed one undivided moiety or quarter part ^ &c., 
which, on the rule of construing a deed, in ease of doubt, most 
strongly against the grantor, of course made him legally sell twice 
what he meant, and the later grantees were left in a forlorn and 
destitute condition. In L. 258, f. 233, of Suffolk Deeds will be 
found a case where a grantor sells four moieties of a parcel of land 
as being all that he owned himself, " and also all the right of my 
dearly beloved wife Abigail." 

At the death of Francis C. Lowell, in the year 1817, he left four 
children, — a daughter, who married her cousin, John Amory 



216 City Document No. 105. 

Lowell, and three sons. One of these was John Lowell^ Junior. 
Possessing a considerable estate, he married a lady of large for- 
tune, who died leaving him two children. He purchased a house 
in Beacon street, part of the Copley lot, as an investment on their 
account. A guardian is only permitted to invest in real estate 
under previous license of Court. This had not been obtained. 
A question was raised, therefore, as to the allowance of the 
account. Both the children died by sudden and severe disease 
vrithin a few days, and the father, as heir of the survivors, became 
entitled to all the property' which had been held in trust for his late 
wife. By his will, dated Nov. 8, 1832, he established that admi- 
rable foundation, The Lowell Institute. He never married again ; 
but this document provides minutely for a possible wife and chil- 
dren, and, in default of any such immediate claimants, appropri- 
ates a moiety of all his estate to this public use. B}* a second 
codicil, dated April 1, 1835, "from the top of the palace of 
Louxor, in the French house at Thebes," he gives his final direc- 
tions as to this Lecture-Fund Trust. The time-defj^ing pyramids, 
by their massive grandeur, inspired Napoleon to address to his 
troops that stirring appeal which history will never allow to be 
forgotten. And the same associations perhaps led the American 
traveller to consummate, among the glorious remains of ancient 
Eg3'pt, a cherished purpose, of which the effects will, perhaps, be 
as enduring as the monuments of the Pharaohs. May the ever 
increasing intelligence of the citizens of Boston, through coming 
generations, be the appropriate memorial of his wisdom and 
philanthropy ! 

I remember but one other will which states any peculiar circum- 
stance attending its execution. The late Redford AVebster, father 
of Professor Webster, appended to his signature, in 1832, the 
following: "With Mr. P^liot's bad pen in the dark shop." Not- 
withstanding this trivial remark, the testator was a person of 
superior intelligence. 

Mr. Lowell's house has since his death become the property of 
his brother, Francis C. Lowell, who for several years ably presided 
over the Massachusetts Hospital Life Insurance Companj', one of 
the largest of our moneyed institutions, and whose active services 
and read^- aid have been freely rendered to the charitable estab- 
lishments of our city. Their youngest brother, the late Edward 
Jackson Lowell, was a classmate of my own at Harvard College 
None who had previously borne the name were purer in character, 
more brilliant in talents, or governed by higher impulses and 



"Gleaner" Articles. 217 

nobler views of life and duty. He died of consumption in 1829, 
one of the earliest taken and best beloved of our band of bi'others.** 

Gleaner. 

63 So little has been printed concerning the Lowells, that the following genealogi- 
cal items may be useful : Percival Lowell, of an old family in Worcestershire, Eng., 
came to Newbury in 1639, with a son John, who had also already a family. John, Jr., 
was father of Ebenezer Lowell, whose son was the Rev. John Lowell, of Newbmy- 
port, who died in 1767. The last-named was father of Judge John Lowell (b. 1743, 
d. 6 May 1802), who had three wives. By his fii'st wife, Sarah Higginson, he had a 
son, John ; by his second wife, Susan Cabot, he had Francis 0. ; by his third wife, Re- 
becca Russell, he had Rev. Charles Lowell. 

Of these half-brothers, John married Rebecca Amory, and had .John Amory 
Lowell (who died 31 Oct. 1881), whose sons are John LoweU, the distinguished judge 
of the U.S. Court, who has just quitted the bench, and Augustus Lowell. 
Francis Cabot Lowell married Hannah Jackson, and had John (founder of the 
LoweU Institute), Francis C. Jr., and Edward J. Rev. Charles Lowell married 
Han-iet Spence, and had sons, Charles R., William K. T. S., Robert T. S., and James 
R . LoweU, now U.S. minister at the Court of St. James. 

W. H. W. 



218 City Document No. 105. 



LXXVII. 

[THE SWAN FAMILY.] " 

December 18, 1855. 

^ The Record Commissioners have omitted this article from the present edition at 
the request of Mr. Bowditch's representatives, as certain expressions therein con- 
tained were found to be open to contradiction, and possiljly would require explanation 
or retraction were the author living. A few matters of history may, however, be 
safely condensed into a note. The article treated mainly of the family of Col. 
James Swan and his wife, Mrs. Ilepsibah C. Swan. Col. Swan was in Paris at 
the time of the French Revolution, and there published, in 1790, a book entitled 
" Causes qui se sont opposees aux progres du Commerce entre la France et les Etats 

Unis de TAmerique En six Lettres addresses a Monsieur le Marquis de 

la Fayette. Traduit sur le manuscrit Anglais du Colonel Swan, ancicn Membre de la 
Legislation de la Rcpublique de Massachuset." This essay not only presents 
admirable statements on the feasibility of creating a vast commerce between these 
nations, but it shows the author to have been an ardent American, and a warm 
admirer of his native state. His plan touches many topics, and nothing is too trifling 
to be cited in support of his object. On one page he eulogizes spermaceti candles ; 
on another he relates the foolish objections made in France to the Introduction of 
labor-saving machines. He dwells with wonder on the fact that in France salted 
meats are practically prohibited, while he adds, •' the people of the United States eat 
such meats twice a day, and you know, sir, that amongst us the men are as healthy 
and robust as they are anywhei'C." 

He mentions that nearly every one in America wears English buttons called 
" Matthiewmans," made of white metal, and argues that a population of a million and 
a half will use annually 500,000 dozen, at a profit of 25,000 francs. Again, he 
prophecies that as, according to Dr. Franklin and Prof. Wigglesworth, our population 
will double in eighteen years, it will follow that in 1846 we shall have forty-nine 
millions of inhabitants and our imports will amount to about $200,000,000. He 
speaks of the great invention of James Rumsey, of Virginia, whose steam-vessels will 
carry all foreign products to the centre of America through the rivers which flow to 
the west, and sees in it the hand of Providence which gives this boon at the moment 
when it will be so beneficial. A perusal of the volume will certainly give one a high 
opinion of the zeal and ability with which Col. Swan endeavored to advance 
American interests. 

It seems that Mr. Swan engaged also in vai'ious enterprises in France, which proved 
unsuccessful, and that his creditors caused his detention for many years. It is said 
that they hoped thus to compel his wife to purchase his freedom, she having a large 
inherited fortune settled upon her before her marriage. It is also said that Col. 
Swan refused to allow any such ransom to be paid, and that he remained a nominal 
prisoner until his death in 1831, although the kindness of his relatives and friends 
made his sojourn as pleasant as possible. 

Mrs. Swan occupied a house in Chestnut street, and also a beautiful summer 
residence in Dorchester. " In the garden of this latter mansion is still to b ( seen the 



"Gleaner" Articles. 219 

enclosure in which lies buried Gen. Henry Jackson, the original trustee who had 
charge of her property and affairs." 

She had a son who died without issue; two daughters, married respectively to 
John C. Howard and William Sullivan : and a third daughter married successively to 
John T. Sargent and Rev. Dr. Richmond. Numerous descendants remain through 
these female lines. — W. H. W. 



220 City Document No. 105. 

Lxxvm. 

THE BEACON-STREET FIRE. 
January 11, 1856. 

Mr. Editor : — On Wednesday, July 7th, 1824, just before two 
o'clock, the bells of Boston rang an alarm of fire, and instantly a 
dense mass of black smoke was seen to overhang the entire cit}'. 
I have always been an amateur at fires. If the calamity must 
happen, I like to be present, to behold what sometimes proves to 
be a most magnificent spectacle. I was then a young man, — in my 
teens, — and hastening from 'Change to the corner of Park street, 
I saw at once that a most furious and destructive conflagration had 
commenced. The wind was blowing a hurricane from the north- 
west. When I reached the bottom of the Beacon-street Mall, a 
sti'eam of fire was pouring through the passage-way west of Mr. 
Bryant's house, from carpenter shops and other combustible 
premises on Charles and Chestnut streets. 

The flame was of the full width of the passage-way, and it was 
curling round into the front windows of Mr. B.'s house, which was 
then nearly finished and ready for occupancy. The out-buildings 
and fences of all that range of dwelling-houses were then of wood, 
so that the fire was also making its fearful approaches in the rear. 
I have never seen before or since, any similar occasion of a more 
appalling character. The hasty removal of household furniture, 
mucli of it being thrown from the windows, which were broken out 
for the purpose ; the panic of the occupants, as they and their 
children were obliged to fly, some at a notice of a few minutes ; 
the crackling of the flames, the intense heat, the falling of the 
walls of one dwelling-house after another, as the fire proceeded 
along the street ; the shouts of the firemen ; the mass of specta- 
tors filling the bottom of the Common and the rising ground in 
its centre, the jets of flame often springing over a space of several 
feet, the burning fragments borne aloft over our heads to remote 
parts of the city ; the magnitude of the danger which led to the 
covering with wet blankets of houses even as distant as Mr. Otis's 
and Mr. Sears's, — formed together an aggregate of sights and 
sounds which can never be forgotten. 

As those houses which at first were not thought in great danger, 
one after another, took fire and were consumed, owners who 
originally decided not to have tlieir furniture moved were at last 
obliged to remove it so hastily that much was ruined, and much 



"Gleaner" Articles. 221 

more was necessarily left behiud. In some instances old family 
portraits and inherited articles of furniture, rendered invaluable by 
the associations of a lifetime, were thus reluctantly surrendered. 
On the other hand a tin-kitchen was saved, and its viands cooking 
for dinner were protected from the danger of being overdone. 

Extensive removals were made from several houses, which were 
eventually saved, as in the case of Mr. William Appleton's and 
others. The Common presented a curious medley of miscellaneous 
articles, the shabbiest household utensils side by side with ele- 
gant drawing-room carpets and ornaments. Bottles of wine which 
had not seen the light for twenty years were summarily decapi- 
tated without any ceremonious drawing of corks, and the Juno, or 
Elipse vintage was probably never quaffed with greater relish than 
when it refreshed the parched throats of the exhausted firemen. 
Other amateurs, without having their apology, imitated their 
example, and the scene assumed rather a bacchanalian character. 
One gentleman, desirous of withholding further fuel from this con- 
flagration, locked up his wine-cellar, and left its contents to be at 
least harmlessly consumed. 

Seven dwelling-houses on Beacon street, east of the passage-way, 
were burnt, besides the entire range of buildings between the 
passage-way and Charles street. The fire was at last success- 
fully checked at the house of the late Mr. Eckley. I sup- 
pose that it alwaj's happens that in a large fire somebody's policy 
has just expired. This was, I believe, the case with the late Mr. 
Henry G. Rice. To many besides him that was a very sad and 
discouraging day. Mr. Bryant had the advantage over his neigh- 
bors of not being incommoded by any furniture or family, as he 
had not yet taken possession. It is satisfactory to reflect that all 
the pecuniary loss then sustained has, undoubtedly, been much 
more than made good by the greatly enhanced value of real estate 
in that vicinity. And, independently of all the direct and per- 
petual advantages, of the most inestimable character, derived by 
our citizens from the Boston Common, it should never be forgotten 
that it was solely owing to the existence of this open space on this 
occasion that the entire southern portion of our city was not 
destroyed. The range of trees at the foot of the Beacon-street 
Mall rendered a truly important service. Suffering the flames of 
martyrdom, they died at their post of duty. 

A burning cinder lodged in my eye, causing a violent inflamma- 
tion, and bringing to an abrupt close my meditations on this 
striking spectacle, and a like inflammation of the same organ now 
•rings to a like abrupt close the speculations of Gleaner. 



222 City Document No. 105. 



EDITORIAL NOTE." 



The closing lines of the last article may be classed among invol- 
untary prophecies ; for this proved to be the real close of this 
amusing and instructive series of notes. On January 4, 1856, 
Mr. Bowditch had pi'inted an article relating to Benjamin Joy, and 
especially noticing his sale of land to the McLean Asylum in 
Somerville. Certain expressions therein called forth a sharp letter 
from Mr. John B. Joy, a son of the gentleman criticised. Mr. 
Bowditch in reply disclaimed any intention to reflect upon the 
family, and was again assailed by Mr. Joy. This brought forth 
an answer, and then a last retort from Mr. Joy. It has not seemed 
best to reprint any part of this controversy. 

Unfortunately this trivial dispute seems to have entirely quenched 
Mr. Bowditch's willingness to continue his work, and the articles 
came to an abrupt conclusion. It will always remain a source of 
regret that the public was thus deprived of further information 
upon our local antiquities from one so competent to communicate 
it. W. PI. W. 



INDEX. 



INDEX. 



Adams, 170. 
Adan, 139. 

Albion, The, 36, 95, 96. 
Alford, 120, 121, 151, 152. 
Allen, 34, 36, 37, 38, 50, 51, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 
60, 61, 65, 96, 97, 99, 119, 142, 143, 144, 
165, 166, 185, 187, 188, 190, 192, 200, 201. 
Alley, Cato, 161. 

Hog, 32, 69. 
Alline, 26, 92, 207. 
Almshouse, 50, 96, 121. 
America, 87. 
Amory, 79, 96, 217. 
Andrews, 73. 
Andros, 13, 15, 16, 17. 
Angier, 164. 

Appleton, 176, 177, 178, 201, 219, 211, 221. 
Apthorp, 17, 19, 120, 121. 
Armitage, 74. 
Armstrong, 171. 
Arnold, 62. 
Aehon, 2, 189, 190. 
Aspinwall, 34. 
Athenaeum, Boston, 211. 

Howard, 74, 82. 
The, 96, 154. 
Atkinson, 32, 49, 60. 
Austin, 3 >, 51, 66, 110, 145, 169, 212. 
Avenue, Coolidge, 154. 

Hancock, 161. 

Mt. Vernon, 161. 

Squirrel, 32. 

Western, 1, 75. 
Avery, 31. 
Ayer, 55. 
Ayre, 55. 
Aylwin, 114. 
Ayres, 55. 

Back Bay, 27, 170. 
Bagnal, 166. 
Baker, 25, 44. 
Baldwin, 147. 
Balston, 165. 
Bangs, 135. 

( Banister, 2, 6, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 
} 193, 194. 
( Bannister, 41. 
Barbadoes, 138. 
Barnard, 71. 
Barnes, 107. 
Barnon, 92. 
Barricade, The, 21, 22. 
Barrister, 3. 
Bartlett, 94, 100. 
Barton, 50. 

Barton's Point, 1, 3, 4, 5, 9, 50, 167, 190. 
Battery, Old South Boston, 20. 

South, 20. 
Bayley, 85. 
Bay, The, 2. 
Beach, The, 54. 

Blackstone's, 10, 189. 
Beacon street Mall, 220, 221. 
Beck, 34. 
Beebe, 73. 



Belcher, 62, 143. 

( Belknap, 60, 61, 143. 

I Bellknap, 66. 

Bell, 26. 

Bellingham, 24, 84, 85, 89, 92, 93, 95. 

Bellknap, see Belknap. 

Bendall, 24, 74, 84. 

Bennett, 41. 

Bentink, 171. 

Bigelow, 111. 

Biggs, 34, 36, 37, 38, 54, 60. 

Billerica, 55. 

Blackstone, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 37, 
38, 39, 40, 69, 144, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 
190, 191, 193, 195. 

Blair, 49. 

Blake, 42, 69, 140. 

Bianchard, 167. 

Blantftine, 26. 

Blanton, 26. 

Blaxton, 6. 

Blaxton's Point, 6. 

Blighe, 148. 

Blott, 23, 25, 32. 

Boardman, 42, 94, 100. 

Bolton, 71. 

Bond 167. 

Bonner, 6, 50, 143, 144. 

Boott, 68, 69, 214, 215. 

Borland, 87. 

Boston, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 
16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, 26, 27, 23,30, 34, 37, 
41, 44, 46, 48, 63, 54, 55, 59, 62, 63, 66, 70, 
71, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 
03, 96, 97, 102, 106, 107, 126, 130, 132, 133, 
139, 147, 149, 150, 154, 157, lo9, 161, 162, 
164, 167, 168, 178, 179, 185, IhO, 191, 192, 
194, 195, 196, 200, 205, 212, 214, 215, 220. 

Boston and Roxbury Mill Co., 53. 

Boston Cadets, 207. 

Courier, S, 177. 
East, 50, 167. 
Library, 30. 
Mill Corporation, 45. 
West 4. 

Bosworth, 55', 60, 104, 142, 14S, 151, 152, 163. 

Bowditch, 10, 16, 17, 50, 53, 60, 61, 67, 78, 82, 
85, 89, 199, 218, 222. 

Bowdoin, 63, 67, 73, 81, 89, 107, 108, 112, 113, 
114, 120, 121, 135, 140, 141, 146, 157, 196, 
207. 

Bowen, 193. 

Bowers, 73, 74, 77. 79, 82, 100, 108. 

Bowling Greene, 74. 

Boyden, 81. 

Boynton, 145. 

Box, 17, 19, 145. 

Bracket, 2, 189, 190. 

Bradford, 50. 

Bradlee, 161. 

Bradstreet, 11,24. 

Brattle, 15, 54, 55, 163, 164, 187. 

Brattle street Parsonage Case, 111, 112, 117, 
123, 124, 136, 169. 

Bridge, Draw, 50. 
Swing, 72. 

225 



226 



City Document No. 105. 



Bridge, West Boston, 53. 

Biidgham, 92. 

Biidgman, 19, 177. 

Brimmer, 89. 

Bi-inley, 39. 

Broad street Association, 167. 

Bromfield, 108, 121. 

Brougham, 131. 

Brown, 38, 51, 54, 57, 90, 102, 130, 144. 201 

Bryant, 20.', 220, 221. 

Building, Boston, 99. 

Brazier's, 27, 99. 
Joy's, 27. 

Mechanic's Association, 27. 
Union bank, 132. 
Bulfineh,29, 39, 6S, 70, 73, 74, 82, 85, 88. 105 

107, 113, 153, 154, 156, 202, 2U6. 
Bullard, 41. > . . "• 

Burnett, 143. 
Burrill, 62. 
j Butolph, 56. 

i Buttolph, 34, 55, 57, 60, 62, 65, 66. 142. 143 
Buttel, 65. ... 

Burial Grounds, City, 18. 
Burying-grouud, The, 12, 14, 17, 18, 52. 

King's Chapel, 19, 45, 98. 

177. 
The Granary, 75, 146, 177. 
^ The Public, 16. 

Burying-place, The, 13, 15, 44. 

Common, 16. 
T, » ,. Old, 44, 93. 

Byfield. 39. 

Cabot, 217. 
Cade, 51. 
Calcutta, 171. 
Calef, 50. 
California, 171. 
Callender, 182. 
Cambridge, 2. 
Carabridgeport, 110, 169. 
\ Caner, 1(3, 19. 
I Canuer, 17. 
Carues, 51, 61. 
Caswell, 149. 

Chambers, 33, 34, 36, 37, 60, 61. 
Channing, 206. 
Chapel, The, 14. 

Freeman Place, 108. 
King's, 13, 16, 17, 23, 73, 75, 178. 
Chapman, 192. 
Chardon, 192, 193. 
Charlestowu, 1, 77, 120. 
Chauncy, 165. 
Chelsea, 9'), 99. 
Church, Baptist, 69. 

Brattle St., 71, 116. 
Chauncy place, 28. 
of England, 15,16. 
Episcopal, 16. 
First, 2(5, 27, 85, 89, 95. 
First Episcopal, 13. 
First of Christ, 26, 92. 
Maverick, 5u. 

Mt. Vernon Congregational, 73, 
New, 17. 

New .Jerusalem, 114. 
Old North, 71. 
Old South, 208. 
Park Street, 12. 
Second, 27. 
St. Paul's. 23, 25. 
Trinity, 26. 
Circular Line, 20, 21, 69. 
City Council, 53. 

Hall, 13, 15, 27, 69. 
Jail, 37. 
J Clark, 35, 41, 44, 62, 176. 
I Clarke, 60. 
Clough,23, 21, 62. 
Cobb, 42. 
Cobham, 54, 55. 
Coburn, 71. 



Codman, 49. 

Coffin, 96. 

Coggan, 85, 95. 

Coiboron, 10. 

Colbron, 12, 41, 189. 

Cole, 38, 54, 55, 56, 189. 

College, Bowdoin, 114, 157. 

Harvard, 31, 95, 99, 124, 136, 157. 210. 

214, 216. 
Medical, 37. 

Collins, 62. 

Colman, 82. 

Colpey, 193. 

Common, The, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12 23 25 
31,52,53, 69, 71,91, 92,95, 96, lul, 105! 
106, 107, 120, 121, 132, 133, 143, 148 151 
152, 157, 161, 163, 164, 165, 170, 171, 184 

186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 196, 220, 

Commonwealth, 47, 49, 93, 114, 120, 130, 133. 
140, 145, 146, 149, 150, 161, 162, 171, 207, 

Conn., 55, 62. 

< Cook, 41, 50, 55, 56, 65, 105, 142, 143, 144. 

< 145,146,151,152,163,164. 

( Cooke, 17, 18, 19, 31, 60, 104, 182. 201. 
Coole, 56. 

Coolidge, 66, 68, 69, 100. 
Cooper, 72, 85, 165. 
Copley, 2, 6, 38, 40, 55, 88, 166, 170, 185, 186. 

187, 188, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199. 
200, 201 , 202, 203, 204, 207, 211, 216. 

Cornhill, 75. 

Corporation, Aqueduct, 146. 
Boston Mill, 45. 
Corwin, 45. 

Cotting, 75, 176, 177, 179. 
Cotton, 15, 73, 74, 79, 82, 84, 85, 88, 89. 92. 97. 
99, 100. ..,,,., 

Council Chamber, 71. 
County, Bristol, 100. 
Devon, 55. 

Essex, 2, 62, 189, 190. 
Suffolk, 17, 37. 
Windham, 62. 
Court, Common Pleas, 71, 152. 
End, 2. 

House, 13, 71, 84, 147. 
Inferior, 193. 

Inferior Common Pleas, 152. 
Probate, 5, 8. 
of Sessions, 71. 
St. James, 217. 
Superior, 71, 103. 
Superior of Judicature, 186. 
Supreme, 111, 112, 115, 116. 124, 12ii. 

126, 16S. 169, 18:^. 
Supreme Judicial, 22. 
U. S. 217. 
Court, Bolt, 31. 

Cook's, 146. 
Southack's, 73. 
Spring-street, 3. 
Williams, 29. 
Cove, The, 20. 
Cradock, 17, 19, 39, 95. 
Craft's, 71. 
Creed y, 55. 
Crescent, The, 30. 
Cross, 25. 

Crowniushield, 97, 100. 
Cunningham, 166, 192, 193, 194, 199. 
Curtis, 42, 79, 80, 112, 115, 140. 
Cashing, 71, 126, 168, 170, 201, 210, 211. 

Dall, 42. 
Danforth, 82. 
Daniels, 143, 145. 

J Dasset, 36, 54. 

I Dassett, 37, 55. 
■ Davenport, 11, 15. 92, 97, 165. 
Davie, 55, 58, 8>,92, 93, 96, 99, 142, 164. 
Davies, 34, 60, 93. 
Davis, 36, 42, 48, 49, 60, 62, 93, 95, 96, 99. 



Index. 



227 



Davy, 55, 92, 93, 95, 144, 145, 149, 165. 

Dawes, 79. 

Deane, 163, 164. 

Deblois, 96. 

Dennis, 163. 

Derby, 204, 205. 

Dexter, 53. 

Disbrow's Riding-schoo), 29. 

Dixon, 20". 

Doane, 94. 

Dodd, 130. 

Doe, 109. 

Donneson, 202. 

Dorr, 42. 

Dorchester, 218. 

Drake, 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 12, 13, 15, 20, 21, 48, 49, 

79, 80, 83. 
Dublin, 12. 
I Dumer, 33. 
I Dummer, 11. 
Dunton's Letters, 31. 
Dyer, 191, 192. 

East, 55, 163, 164, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 

191, 193, 195. 
Eaton, 104, 163. 
Eckley, 121,221. 
Edes, 4i. 

( Eliot, 10. 61, 62, 96, 97, 161, 189, 216. 

\ Elliots, 62. 

(Elliotts, 62, 71. 
Eltsham, 99, 152. 
Emmons, 31, 49. 

\ Endicote, 10. 

} Endicott, 15, 18, 82, 85. 
England, 55, 76, 84, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 99, 102, 

110, 125, 131, 152, 153, 195, 217. 
England, New, 11. 
England, Old, 84. 
Kpes, 41. 
Episcopalians, 16. 
Erving, 51, 89, 96, 107, 113, 166. 
Europe, 153, 154. 
Everedd, 45. 
Exchange, The, 71. 
Eyre, 55. 

( Fairweather, 99, 105, 106. 
I Fayerweather, 19, 105, 107, l-'O, 121, 135. 
Faneuil,92, 93, 95. 
FaneuilHall, 71,72. 
Farley, 51, 201. 
Farrington, 42. 
Faxon, 72. 

Fayerweather, see Fairweather. 
Felt, 137, 138. 
Feuno, 193. 
Field, Gentry, 60. 

CentinelHill,36, 38. 

Centufv, 151. 

Common, 12. 

Gate, 32. 

New, 34, 36, 60, 104, 163, 189. 

Training, 5, 9, 11, 92, 120, 121, 132, 
148, 190, 191, 192, 196. 
Fitch, 41,74. 
Five Points, The, 59. 
Flats, The. 2, 21, 22, 53, 79, 168, 186, 190, 192, 

193, 195, 196, 200. 
Flats, Drake's, 80. 
Folsom, 131. 
Forbes, 12, 17. 19. 
Foster, 12. 
Fowle, 107, 168. 
France, 218. 

Francis, 74, 77, 78, 79, 80, 86, 89, 112, 115, 117. 
Frankland, 17, 19. 
Franklin, 218. 

Gain, 145. 

Garden, Public, 12. 52. 

J Gardiner, 17, 19, 187. 

I Gardner, 51, 96, 97, 166. 
Gas Cni'nnanv'a ^V;>>-!£3^ jj 



Gee, 44, 45. 
Gerrish,31,121. 
Gibbins, 17, 19. 
Gibbs, 45, 63, 65, 164, 205, 206. 
Glapion, 146. 
Goldthwait, 19, 207. 
Goodwin, 130. 
Gordon, 17, 19. 
Gore, 42. 

Granary, The, 12, 96. 
Grant, 17,18, 19, 111,125. 
Gr.iy, 49, 82, 167, 183. 
Great Britain, 88, 149, 162, 191, 196. 
( Green, 18, 108, 145. 

{ Greene, 73, 79. 88, 89, 91, 92, 94. 100, 161, 
( 195. 

Green Dragon, 71. 
Greenleaf,>0, 71, 124, 125. 
Grotou, 55. 
Gunter, 18. 
Guttridge, 61. 

Haley, 85, 87, 89, 90, 102, 206. 
Halifax, 71. 

Hammond, 51, 88, 100, 126, 127, 183, 201. 
Hancock, 16, 17, 18, 19, 64. 71. 82, 110,114, 
116, 123, 124, 125, 129, 130, 133, 134, 135, 
136, 139, 140, 141, 142. 145, 146, 149, 151, 
152, 154, 157, 158, 159, 100, 161, 162, 163, 
186. 
Harris, 42, 82. 
Harrison, 48, 50. 
Hartford, 55. 
Hastings, 213. 
Hatch, 149. 
Hati, 176. 
Haverhill, 137. 
Hawkins, 164, 187. 
Havden, 109, 174. 
Hayward, 70, 72. 
Head, 46, 51. 
Hcaton, 104. 
Henchman, 136. 
Henderson, 62, 71, 119, 145. 
Ileyraan, 48. 
Higginson, 206, 217. 

Highway, The, 23, 24, 31, 34, 55, 63, 74, 85, 
92, 105, 106, 107, 120, 121, 126, 132, 133, 
143, 163. 
Highway, Allen's, 37. 
Hill, 17, 18, 19. 34. 
Hill, The, 4, 59, 89, 106. 

B.acon, 149. 

Beacon, 2, 6, 7, 12, 38, 65, 83, 84, 106, 
120, 121, 127, 128, 132, 135,' 136, 139, 
140, 141, 143, 145, 148, 149, 150, 151, 
152, 154, 156. 

Bunker, 211. 

Centre, 105. 

Centcrie, 84. 

Centery, 104, 105. 

Centinel, 38. 

Centre, 105. 

Centry, 55, 132, 148. 

Centurie, 105. 

Ceivtury, 99, 105, 148. 

Copp's, 44, 98. 

Cotton, 84, 85, 107. 

Fort. 50. 

Fox, 52. 

Milton. 90. 

Pemberton's, 90. 

Ridge, 52. 

Sandy, 77. 

Sentry, 12. 
( Hinckley, 107. 
I Hinfcley. 97. 
Hodges, 82. 
Holberton, 108. 
Hollich, 26, 27. 
Hollidge, 26. 
Hollinghead, 26. 
Holyoke. 62. 

■Rnmor 17(5 ITO t^_ 



228 



City uocument No. 105. 



Hooper, 206. 
Hospital Grounds, 37. 
Houchin, 63, 65, 104, 105. 
House, Adams, 32. 

British Coffee, 71. 

Exchange Coffee, 31, 208. 

Mitre Coffee, 71. 

Club, 96, 97. 

Custom, 71. 

First Custom, 71. 

Powder, 40, 201, 211. 

Revere, 6S, 69, 73. 

Spring, 81. 

State, 104, 120, 121, 132, 133, 134, 135, 
136, 141, 144, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 
152, 153, 154, 156, 161, 162, 163, 195, 
200. 

Town, 16, 71. 

Tremont, 12. 
Hover, 26. 
Howard, 92, 219. 
Uowo, 49. 
Howeu, 81. 

Hubbard, 30, 88, 100, 116, 117, 123, 124, 125. 
I Huchinson, 148. 

I Hulchiuson, 13, 15, 17, 19, 49, 104, 163. 
Hudson, 5, 10, 11, 60. 
Hull, 33, 84, 85, S9, 92, 164. 
Humphrey, 206. 
Huut, 71. 
Hurd, 71, 215. 
Hurst, 121, 105. 
Hutchinson, see Huchinson. 

Inches, 58, 145, 201, 205. 
India, 171. 
Ireland, 12. 
Ireson, 126, 183. 
Island, Bakers, 137. 

Castle, 123. 

Koddle's, 50, 95, 132. 

Wharves, 69. 
Ivers, 121. 

(Jackson, 27, 44, 74, 77, 78, 90, 91, 94, 98, 
J 100, 101, 114, 159, 202, 210, 217, 219. 

( Jaxson, 24. 

James, 107, 119. 

.Jeffrey, 71, 85, 86, 87, 89, 90, 100, 102, 103. 

Jeffries, 41, 90, 95, 96, 102. 

Jekyll,82, 94. 

Jenner, 61. 

Johnson, 1, 6, 14, 16, 60, 130, 163, 169. 

Jones, 35, 110. 

Joy, 2, 27, 09, 166, 170, 176, 179, 182, 183, 185, 
196, 197, 199, 200, 201, 202, 206, 222. 

Kane, 118. 
Kennedy, 103. 
Kenney, 39. 
Kent, 110, 111. 
King, '2. 
Kirk. 73. 
Knight, 142, 151. 
Kubn, 146, 147. 

Lake, 148. 
Lambert, 62. 
Lancaster, 121. 
Lane, The, 96. 

Banister's, 23, 194. 

Blott's, 23. 

Davis, 144. 

Frog, 3 1 , 62. 

Green, 3i. 

Lindall, 67. 

Prison, 84. 92, 95, 97. 

Puddiog, 31. 

Rixdgway's, 66. 

Ridge way's 66. 

Sconce, 20. 

Seven Star, 26. 

Shrimpton, 132. 

Stoddard's, 81. 



Lane, Sudbury, 81. 
Willis, 23. 
Wing's, 71. 
Langdon, 191. 
Lawrence, 75, 94, 100, 101. 
Lebanon, 62. 
Leblond, 89. 
Lee, 44, 206, 210. 
Leger, 10. 
Leverett, 23, 25, 36, 37, 39, 50, 55, 61, 104, 189, 

190, 192, 200. 
Lewis, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 17, 19. 
Llgolt, 31. 
Lincoln, 207. 
Lincolnshire, 84. 
Lioll, see Loyal. 
Lisle, see Loyal. 
Little, Brown, &. Co., 31. 
Lloyd, 77, 82, 94, 100. 
Llovle, see Loyal. 
London, 31, 85, 90, 99, 102, 113, 130, 151, 152, 

157. 
Longfellow, 210. 
Lord, 71. 
Loring, 140, 183. 
Loudoun, 89. 
Louxor, 216. 

Lowell, 13, 29, 87, 100, 131, 210, 214, 215, 219, 
217. 

Lowell Institute, 216, 217. 

fLoval, 00. 
Loyall, 60. 

I Lioll, 60. X 

J Lisle, 60. 

\ Llovle, 60. 
Lyall, 60. 
Lyle, 60. 

tLysle, 60. 

Lucas, 46. 

Lucee, 166. 

Lyall, see Loyal. 

Lyde, 39. 

Lyman, 69, 71, 82, 161, 162. 

* Lynd, 63, 81. 

) Lynde, 32, 68, 74, 85, 105, 107. 

Lyndhurst, 88, 195. 

Lyne, 105. 

Lysle, see Loyal. 

Lytherland, 5, 10, 11. 

Mackintosh, 131, 210. 
Mahan, 173, 174, 175. 
Maine, 198. 
Mariner, 74. 
K Marion, 26, 27. 
\ Maryon, 26. 
Marsh, Coggan's, 95. 
Round, 12, 
Rumney, 133. 
Marston, 71. 
Mason, 39, 53, 77, 88, 109, 146, 182, 193, 194, 

195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 202, 206, 207, 

208. 
Massachusetts, 71, 88, 112, 116, 118, 145, 157. 
Massachusetts General Hospital, 136, 204, 
210. 
Hospital Life Insurance Co., 
216. 
Mather, 12, 16, 84. 
Maud, 84, 85, 89, 92. 
Maverick, 60. 
May, 42, 46, Tl. 
Mayer, 93. 
Mayhew, 10. 
McLean Asylum, 222. 
McNeill, 49. 
Mears, 74, 81, 82. 
Melvin, 215. 

Messenger, 13, 136, 145, 146, 152. 
Metcalf, 41. 
Middlecott, 18, 63, 65, 63, 104, 105, 107, 113, 

121. 
Middlesex, 34. 
Middlesex Company, 215. 



Index. 



229 



Middleton, 146. 
Mill-Dam, 1, 52, 75, 185, 202. 
Millard, 104, 106, 142, 14S, 151, 163. 
Miller, 56, 142, 163, 164. 
Millet, J68. 
Milner, 47. 

^ Minot, 36, 41, 54, 65, 66. 
J Mynot, 36. 
( Mynolt, 34, 36. 
MiS!<ouri Corapromise, 20S. 
Molineaux, 120. 
I Monck, 31. 
\ Monk, 121, 132. 
Monroe, 47. 
Montague, 143. 
Moore, 183, 199, 200. 
Morgan, 183. 
Mors, 150. 
Morton, 71, 75. 
Mount Iloardam, 191. 

Pleasant, 191. 

Tom, 79, 83. 

Vernon Proprietors, 2, 6, 39, 40, 51, 
57, 140, 144, 146, 165, 182, 187, 191, 
202, 203, 204, 205, 211. 

"Washington, 79, 83. 
Munroe, 47. 
Murray, 199. 
Mvles, 95. 



KotU^-MinoU 



Kabby, 170. 

Kaliant, 77. 

Neck, Tlie, 32,41, 43, 69, 72, 158, 159, 167, 169. 

Neck lauds, 42. 

Newbury, 217. 

Newburyport, 217. 

Now England, 17, 31, 47, 171, 210, 214. 

Newgate, 68, 81. 

Newdigate, 81. 

Newhall, 126, 183. 

Newport, 193, 205. 

New York, 88, 199. 

Nicholas, 61. 

Nicholson, 16. 

Norfolk, 103. 

North Briton, 89. 

North End, 41, 46, 71. 

Noyes, 41. 

Odlin, 5, 6, 10, 11, 189. 

Oliver, 31, 55, 152, 188,200. 

Orborn, 205. 

Osborn, 206. 

Osgood, 77. 

Otis, 39, 40, 58, 59, 100, 146, 185, 193, 194, 195, 

196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 202, 203, 204, 205, 

206, 211, 212, 220. 
Oseubridge, 15, 95, 97. 

Paddock, 146. 
Paige, 31, 85. 

S Paine, 41, 107,193. 

} Payne, -11, 71. 
Palmer, 34. 

Parker, 10, 41, 49, 129, 163, 210, 211. 
Parkinan, 69, 113, 161, ISO, 
Par.son, 55, 79. 
Passage-w;iy, The, 17, 18. 
Paque, 51. 
Pavilion, 95. 
Pavilion Hotel, 96. 
Paxton, 17, 19, 121. 
Payne, see Paine. 
Peabody, 75, 97. 

f Peapes, 10, 189. 
Peepy, 11. 

■I Pepis, 2. 

I Pepys, 2, 3, 6, 10, 189, 190. 

(.Peyps, 2. 
Pell, 104. 
Pemberton, 40, 41, 82, 91. 



Penitnan,24. 

Penniman, 24. 

Penny man, 23. 
Peninsula, The, 4, 6. 
Penn, 34, 36, 37, 55, 95, 96, 97. 

Pepls, see Peapes 
Pepperell, 64, 165. 
Perkins, 71, 124, 139, 140, 149, 182, 183. 

I ^^Py:;j.w Peapes. 

Phillips, 38, 39, 40, 41, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 61, 
91, 92, 93, 94, 96, 108, 113, 135, 186, 189, 
190, 196, 201, 202, 207, 208. 
Pickering, 109, 206. 
Pickraan, 205. 
Pierce, 47, 158. 
Pitts, 31. 

Place, Ashburton, 73, 74, 77, 83, 88, 99, 100, 
114. 

Bedford, 27. 

Bellinsham, 91. 

Bowdoin, 128. 

Bulfincb, 68. 

Chapman, 146. 

Chauncy, 26, 27. 

Cotton, 90. 

Exchange, 67. 

Faneuil, 91. 

Franklin, 29, 30, 154. 

Funnel, 91. 

Joy, 183. 

Lucas, 46. 

Montgomery, 55. 

Morton, 29. 

Mt. Vernon, 159, 161. 

Otis, 64. 

Somerset, 68. 

Suffolk, 27. 

Training, 105. 

Vane, 90. 

Winthrop, 64, 167. 
Point, The, 51. 

South Boston, 170. 
Pollard, 2, 6, 11, 107, 1S9. 
Pond, Frog, 64. 

Mill, 4, 167. 

Wheeler's, 27. 
Poorhouse, 50, 51. 
Pordage, 81. 
Portage, 81. 
Powell, 182. 
Pratt, 68, 206. 
Preble, 27. 
Prentice, 80. 
Prescott, 205. 
Price, 6, 19, 71. 
Prince, 43. 
Prior, 137. 

Probate Office, 45, 1S3, 215. 
Probate Record, 96, 143, 145, 148. 
Providence, 11. 
Providence Depot, 52, 53. 
Pue, 17, 19. 
Putman, 109, 214. 

Quincy, 52, 59, 70, 71, 94, 128, 194, 211. 

Railroad, Metropolitan, 64. 

Rand, 62, 100. 

Records, Charlestown, 1, 8. 

Reed, 92. 

Registry of Deeds, 65, 88, 207. 

Reservoir, Beacon Hill, 142, 147, 162. 

Rice, 221. 

Richards, 55, 99, 147, 151. 

Richardson, 49. 

Richmond, 219. 

Ridgeway, 65. 

River, Charles, 1, 2, 10, 190, 192, 200, 

Muddy, 84. 

North, 199. 
Road. Tremont, 32, 



230 



City Document No. 105. 



Robbing, 95. 
Roe, 110. 

Rogers, 107, 113, 120, 121, 128, 132, 135,1^9, 
183, 195. 
Rinnijy IGl. 
Ropes, 75. 
Rope-walk, The, 145, 147. 

Harrison's, 48. 

Jenner'a, 66. 

Old, 61. 

Pearl St., 52 

Tyler & Caswell's, 51. 
Row, Colonnade, 12, 167. 
Merchant's, 72. 

Tremont, 74, 75, 77, 81, 82, 84, 88, 89, 
92, 94, 95, 97, 114. 
Rowe, 20. 

Roxbiirv, 23, 31,41, 191. 
Rosburv, Mill Co., 53. 
Roxbiiry, West, 170. 
Kiiggk-B, 163. 
Runisev, 218. 
Ruunefr, 51. 

Russell, 34, 35, 61, 71, 74, 90, 179, 217. 
Rnst, 45. 

Salem, 14, 47, 97, 130, 135, 137, 138, 205. 
Salem, Annals of, 138. 
Salmon, 77. 
Salter, 17, 18, 19. 
Saltonstall, 137, 146, 168. 
Sanderson, 26, 92. 
Sanford, 164. 
Sargent, 50, 90, 219. 
Saunders, 47, 69, 70. 
Savage, 15, 41, 50, 84, 85, 164. 
Sawyer, 186, 206. 
School, Grammar The, 18. 
Chauncy Hall, 27. 
Latin, 71. 
School-house, The, 17, 18. 

High & Latin, 27. 
Old, 17. 
Scollay, 29. 
Sconce, The, 20. 
Bcott, 95, 109, 159, 160. 
Scotto, 13, 15, 89, 95, 104. 
Scottow, 63, 65, 66, 93, 104, 105, 106, 135, 
142, 143, 148, 163. 
Bears, 97, 108, 135, 177, 185, 201, 204, 211, 220. 
Seven Star Inn. 26. 

Bewail, 10, 11, 14, 16, 33, 44, 56, 73, 74, 82, 85, 
87, 89, 107, 108, 152, 163, 164, 165, 166, 183, 
185, 18«, 187, 188, 192, 194, 195, 200, 204. 
Shattuck, 68. 

Shaw, 1, 2, 4, 69, 92, 126, 170, 172, 173, 175. 
Bhawmutt, 1, 8. 
Bheafe, 45. 
Bbelton, 85. 
Sherburne, 99, 108. 
Sherman, 163. 
Bbippen, 74, 85. 
Shrimpton, 95, 121,132, 133, 143, 148, 149, 

151, 152. 
Shurtleff, 143. 
Shute, 149. 
Simpkins, 50, 135, 

Smith, 10, 17, 19, 46, 71, 106, 128, 131. 
Snow, 1, 9, 10. 
Society, Brattle St., 82, 114. 
Hr. Kirks, 73. 
Episcopal, 15, 73. 
Historical, 18, 93. 
Mass. Historical, 16, 29, 33, 71. 
Society, Prince, 31. 

South, 15, 22. 
Unitarian, 73. 
Somerset, 73. 
Somerset Club, 97. 
Soracrville, 'i'il. 
( Southac, 82. 

) Southack, 73, 74, 79, 81, 82, 84, 85. 
South Cove, 169. 
South End, 46, 50, 164. 



Sparhawk, 41. 
Spear, 139, 140, 141. 
Spence, 217. 
Bpooner, 113, 120, 121. 
Spring Hotel, 81. 
Bpurr, 139. 

Square, Bowdoin, 33, 34, 36, 69, 82, 141, 
Brattle, 111. 
Coruhill, 27. 
Dock, 32. 
Hanover, 196. 
Johnson, 31. 

Louisburg, 39, 185, 186, 202. 
Pemberlon, 38, 64, 73, 74, 77, 78, 79, 

82, 83, 89, 90, 92, 94, 100, 169. 
Pepper, 64. 
Pepperell, 64. 
St. Bololph's, 91. 
Winthrop, 64. 
Staniford, 32, 34, 82. 
Stevens, 69. 
Stevenson, 10. 
St. Christopher, 210. 
Stocks, The, 27. 
Stoddard, 133, 149. 
Stone, 102. 
Storer, 61. 
Story, 182. 
Stoughton, 109. 
Street, The, 26. 

Allen, 37, 51. 

North, 37. 
South. 37. 
All8ton,68, 77, 113. 
• Ann, 46. 

Anne, 50, 72. 
Arch, 29. 
Atkinson, 48, 49. 
Avon, 27. 
Bacon, 120. 

Beacon, 2, 3, 4, 36, 38, 52, 53, 55, 63, 
69, 87, 91, 95, 90, 97, 99, 100, 104, 
105, 106, 107, 108, 113, 114, 120, 
128, 139, 141, 1-13, 149, 151, 152, 
161, 164, 165, 166, 170, 171, 176, 
179, 185, 190, 192, 197, 200, 201, 
202, 204, 205, 207, 210, 211, 216, 
221. 
Batterymarch, 20. 
Beckford, 137. 
Bedford, 27. 

Belknap, 57, 61, 104, 136, 142, 143, 
144, 145, 146, 151, 161, 162, 163, 
165, 106, 170, 197, 201,202. 
Bishop Stoke, 163, 165, 179. 
Blossom, 37. 
Bosworth, 55. 
Bow, 131. 

Bowdoin, 63, 68, 104, 113, 121, 128. 
Boyiston,12, 31, 53. 
Brattle, 72, 110, 112. 
Bridge, 37. 
Broad, 20, .32, 75, 167. 
Bulfmeh, 68, 81, 83. 
Butolph, 61. 
Buttolph, 57, 58,61. 
Cambridge, 4, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 
4-2, 50, 51, .54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 63, 
65, 60, 68, 69, 93, 104, 107, 116, 121, 
142, 143, 145, 202. 
Caslle, 41 , 1 9. 
Cedar, West, 39. 
Central, 167. 
Centre, 57, 58. 185. 
Chambers. .34, 35, 37, 51, 82. 
Change, 220. 
Charles, 2, 13, 38, 40, 52, 53, 185, 202, 

203, 220, 221. 
Charter, 33, 44, 130. 
Chauncy, 27. 

Chestnut, 185, 202, 204, 205, 218, 220. 
Clapboard, 145, 146. 
Commercial, 21. 
Common, 13, 32. 



Index. 



231 



Street, Congress, 32. 
Cornhlll, 31. 
Court, 13, 14, 32, 74, 81, 83, 84, 92, 

135, 158. 
Coventry, 163, 165, 187, 204. 
Derne, 65, 66, 121, 132, 140, 147, 149, 

154. 
Devonshire, 31. 
Dover, 41, 42, 4G. 
Eaton, 34, 35. 
Ediuboro', 169. 
Eliot, 52, 01, 62. 
Elliot, 61, 64. 
Elm, 71, 72. 
Essex, 137. 
Exchange, 132. 
Fleet, 20. 
Franklin, 29. 
Friend, 37. 
Garden, 57. 
Gardner, 64. 

George, 62, 143, 196, 197. 
GlMVel, 37 
Green, 32, 36, 37. 
Grove, 38, 57. 
Grove North, 37. 
Hancock, 61, 65, 66, 104, 106, 1.32, 135, 

140, 142, 143, 145, 146, 162. 
High, 48, 49. 

Hill, 39. 
Hollis, 52. 
Houchin, 63. 

Howard, 73, 74, 79, 81, 82, 100, 114. 
Hull, 33, 44, 45. 
Hutchinson, 49. 
India, 167. 

Joy, 61, 151, 152, 163, 166, 170, 182. 
Kilby, 146. 
King, 31,32. 

Leverett, 1 , 36, 37, 50, 194. 
Tjewis, 46. 
Lindall, 67. 
Lynde, 33. 
Market, North, 107. 
South, 167. 
Marlboro, 32. 
Mason, 12. 

May, 38, 39, .57, 58, 203. 
McLean, 37. 

Middlecott, 63, 6'<, 113, 211. 
Milk, 49. 
Mt. Vernon, 40, 64, 120, 128, 132, 140, 

141, 143, 144, 146, 150, 151, 154, 
159, 162, 166, 182, 185, 186, 2ul, 
202, 204, 205, 206, 211. 

Mylne, 26. 

Myrtle, 51, 57, .58, 61, 143, 145. 

Nassau, 32. 

Newbury, 32. 

North, :i'2. 

Olive, 146, 196, 204. 

Orange, 32, 42, 62. 

Park, 96, 128, 166, 220. 

Pearl, 49, 51, 52, 66, 60. 

Pinckney, 37, 40, 51, 66, 144, 146, 185, 

186,201,202,206. 
Pleasant, 12, 52, 53. 
Pond, 164. 

Poplar, 1,3, 4, 37, 51,66. 
Prince, 44, 45. 
Province, 55. 
Purchase, 48, 51, 80. 
Queen, 32, 84. 
Russel), 35. 

North, 34, 35, 54,01. 
South, 61. 
Salem, 33, 45. 

School, 13, 14, 17, 18, 71, 146. 
Sea, 79. 
Sentry, 12. 
Sewall, 163, 165, 179, 183, 187, 192, 

204. 
Short, 39. 
8nowhill,33, 44, 45 



Street, Somerset, 73, 74, 77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 87, 
83, 89, 94, 96,99, 100,104, 107, 152, 
176. 

Southac, 57. 

South.ack, 39. 

Spring, 3. 

Spruce, 185. 

Staniford, 33. 

State, 22, 27, 31, 32, 46, 99, 127, 146, 
168. 

Stoddard, 81. 

Sudbury, 74, 84. 

Summer, 26, 27, 48. 

Sumner, 146. 

Tav, 66, 140. 

Temple, 65, 66, 68, 128, 140, 141, 162. 

Treamount, 82. 

Tremont, 12, 14, 15, 23, 25, 32, 36, 55, 
62, 73. 74, 79, 81, 82, 83, 93, 95, 
96, 158. 

Turner, 143, 145, 146. 

Union, 71. 

Vine, 37. 

WalQut, 165, 166, 176, 17', 180, 182, 
185, 186, 201, 202, 204, 207. 

Washington. 12, 14, 15, 23, 29, 31, 32, 
41, 42, 46, 55, 135, 174. 

Wiltshire, 37. 

Winter, 23, 32, 194. 
Strong, 130. 
Stuart, 195. 
Sturgie, 96. 
Sudbury, 46. 
Suffolk Bar, 2,14. 

Deeds, 215. 
Sullivan, 13, 109, 202, 219. 
Summer, 76. 
Sumner, 133, 208. 
Swan, 185, 202,206,218. 
Sweet, 51, 55, 60, 201, 202. 
Swift, 148. 

Talmage, 23. 
T.appan, 31, 183. 
Tavern, Anchor, 31. 

Blue, 31. 
George, The, 72. 
Tay, 65, 66, 67, 140. 
Tav lor, 03. 
Teinple, 67, 113, 141. 
Ten Hills Farm, 67. 
( Th.acher, 95, 96, 98. 
) Thatcher 44, 45. 
Thaxter, 61 . 
'I'hayer, 27, 185, 205. 

Thompson, 96, 99, 104, 136, 143, 151, 152. 
Thorndike, 170, 183. 
Tliiirslon, 128, 129, 182. 
Ticknor, 121. 
Tilley, 40, 49, 202. 
Todd, 109. 
Tomlinsou, 121. 
Torrey, 46. 
Town dock, 72. 
Townsend, 96. 
Transcript, 3, 4, 9, 10, 16, 70, S3, 90, 121, 137, 

140, 154. 
Treco thick 121. 
Truesdale, 148, 163, 101. 
Tuckcrman, 46, 177. 
Tudor, 46, 170, 171. 
Turrell, 44. 
Turner, 34, 63, 65, 100, 104, 105, 106 107, 120, 

121, 132, 133, 135, 137, 138, 142, 148. 
Tyler, 51 , 126, 127, 183. 
Tyng, 17, 18, 24, 79, 82. 
Tyte, 24. 

Upland, The, 2. 
Urann, 58. 
Usher, 89. 

Valley Achor, 82. 
Acre. 79. 



232 



City Document No. 105. 






Vane, 84, 93. 

{ Vassal, 85. 

t Vassall, 82, 87, 93, 100. 

V.iughn, 29, 30. 

Vermont, 102. 

" Vermont Central," 3, 4, 7, 8, 12. 

7iall, 2, 189, 190. 

Vinal, 170,200,201,211. 

Virginia, 103, 218. 

Wads worth, 164. 
) Wait, 26. 
) Waite, 26. 
Walcott, Sti. 
Waldo, 65, 89. 
Walcwski, 206. 
Walker, 5, 10, 11, 12, 169. 
Wall, 74. 
Warren, 71. 
Washington, 158, 182. 
Watertown, 50, 81, 107. 
Wohb, 45. 

Webster, 46, 75, 77, 78, 114, 169, 180, 216. 
Wells, 51. 
{ Wendall, 18. 
I Wendell, 20, 55. 
Wh.-ill, 130. 
Wharf Brown's, 45 

Capen, 79. 

Central, 20, 21, 73. 

Drake's 79, 80, 123. 

Foster's, 20. 

Hancock's, 159. 

India, 20, 29, 75. 

Lon?, 20, 21, 22, 71, 168. 

North Batterv,71. 

Old, 20, 21. 

Out, 21. 

Prentice, 48. 

Rowe's, 20. 

Russia, 48. 

Scarlet's, 20. 

T,21. 
Wharton, 65, 121. 
Wheaton, 66. 
( Wheelright, 196. 

I Wheelwright, 51, 57, 145, 165, 166, 185,187, 
( 196, 201, 21)2. 
Wheetland, 138. 
Whetcomb, 164. 
Whipping-post, The, 27. 
White, 46. 
Wiggin, 107. t^ 



Wigglesworth, 206, 218. 
Wilde, 126. 
WUder, 321. 
Wilkes, 85, 89, 90. 

) Willes, 109. 

) Willis, 62. 
Williams, 2, 3, 6, 39, 42, 55, 143, 166, 187, 

188, 189, 190. 
Williamson, 118. 
Willis, see Willes. 
Wilson, 1, 60, 163. 
Windsor, 102. 
Wing, 10,89,56, 99, 151. 
Winisimet, 24. 
Winthrop. 4, 5, 11, 15, 51, 60, 67, 71, 89, 114, 

157, 207, 208, 210. 
Wiswall, 31. 
Witherle, 42. 
Wolf, 72. 

Woodward, 71, 197. 

Woolsack, 88. ^ 

Worcester, 169. 
Worcestershire, 217. 
Workhouse, The, 12. 
Wyard, 23. 
Wyre, 23. 

Yankee, Hero, 71. 

Yeale, 74. 

Yeamans, 133, 136, 143, 145, 149. 



Angola, 23, 24. 
Caesar, 61. 
Cato, 61. 
CuffBuflfum, 61. 
Dinah, 61. 
Menene, 24. 
Meneno, 23, 24. 
Olive, 61. 
Phillis, 61. 
Pompey, 61. 
Rose, 61. 
Scipio, 61. 
Violet, 61. 



Indians. 
John VVampas, 23, 25. 



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